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  1. Victoria Louise: Grand Duchess Michael

    Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia was the only daughter of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany. In 1913 she married Ernst August, the son of the Duke of Cumberland. Suppose Victoria Louise had married Grand Duke Michael, the brother of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. How does Victoria Louise's...
  2. King Charles IV of Hungary

    Emperor Charles I of Austria was no longer sovereign of Austria after the First World War. He died in 1922. Suppose he was able to relocate to Budapest, Hungary. Hungary had been allowed to remain a monarchy. Thus Charles continues to be King Charles IV of Hungary. In this scenario he dies in...
  3. No fairy tales

    Fairy tales are stories that originated in folk lore. Cinderella and The Elves and the Shoemaker are two examples. Suppose there were no fairy tales.
  4. Shirley Temple Black: No political career

    Shirley Temple was an American film and television actress. She married Charles Black on December 16, 1950. Shirley was a United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia, the 18th Chief of Protocol of the United States, and United States Ambassador to Ghana. Suppose Shirley had no political career...
  5. No Mister Rogers' Neighborhood

    Mister Rogers' Neighborhood was an American half-hour children's television series that was created and hosted by Fred Rogers. The series was aimed primarily at preschool ages 2 to 5. Suppose there had been no Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
  6. Joan: Daughter of Mary, Queen of Scots

    On June 19, 1566 Queen Mary of Scotland's only child, Prince James was born. Her son later became King James VI of Scotland and James I of England. Suppose that in 1566 Queen Mary does not have a son. Instead she has a daughter, Princess Joan. Joan is named after Joan Beaufort, the Queen...
  7. Lady Jane Grey becomes Catholic

    Lady Jane Grey was the Nine Days' Queen. She was Queen of England July 10 to 19, 1553. She and her husband, Lord Guilford Dudley were eventually locked in the Tower of London. Lady Jane's execution was originally scheduled for February 9, 1554. Suppose Lady Jane Grey agrees to convert to...
  8. 1657: Holy Roman Emper Ferdinand IV Maria

    In July 1658, more than a year after his father's death, Leopold I was elected Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfurt in spite of the French minister, Cardinal Mazarin. Mazarin sought to put the Imperial Crown on the head of Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria. Ferdinand Maria lived 1636 to 1679. In...
  9. Tsarina Sophia of Russia

    Tsar Alexis I of Russia had two wives, Maria Miloslavskaya and Nataliya Naryshkina. In this scenario, Alexis has only the first wife Maria and only one daughter, Sophia (Sofia) Alexeevna (Alekseyevna). Sophia shall become Tsarina upon her father's demise in 1676. What kind of ruler will she be?
  10. Alfred "the Great"

    King Alfred of England ruled from 871 to 899. He was the only English king to be honored with the epithet "the Great" after his name. Suppose Alfred was not referred to as "the Great". What other name should be used?
  11. Virginia not found first

    The very first successful colony to be created in the future Thirteen Colonies was Virginia. Virginia was established in 1607 by a charter granted to the London Company by King James I. The London Company, also known as the Charter of the Virginia Company of London, was established by a charter...
  12. A new title for Josephine

    On December 15, 1809 in his speech Emperor Napoleon I of the French declared: "She (Josephine) was crowned by my hand; I desire that she retain the rank and title of crowned empress." Suppose Napoleon does not allow Josephine to retain the Empress title. What should her new title be?
  13. No sister to marry Louis XII

    King Henry VIII of England's war with France had proved expensive and ultimately unsuccessful. In 1514 he made peace with Louis XII by marrying his sister Princess Mary to Louis. Suppose Henry VIII had no sisters. What occurs in 1514 with King Louis XII of France?
  14. Charles IV of Spain: No abdication

    Charles IV was King of Spain from 1788 to 1808. By 1792 he had relinquished practically all responsibility for Spain to his chief minister, Manuel Godoy. After a series of humiliating defeats, Godoy was overthrown. By 1808 Charles's own people turned against him. He was forced to abdicate...
  15. Louis XV: NO to Poland

    King Louis XV of France married Marie Leszczynska, the daughter of the Polish king Stanislas. This committed Louis to involvement in the War of the Polish Succession. Even though Louis XV had a Polish Queen Consort, suppose he refused to have France become involved in Polish affairs.
  16. No Treaty of Picquigny

    King Edward IV of England was eager to revive his claim to the French throne. In 1475 he headed for France with a large army. King Louis XI avoided a fight by buying Edward. The Treaty of Picquigny guaranteed Edward an immediate 75,000 gold crowns and an annuity of 50,000 gold crowns if he...
  17. 1845: Prince Albert is Prince Consort of Great Britain

    Prince Albert of Great Britain was given the title of Prince Consort in 1857. Suppose Albert had been made Prince Consort in 1845. Would he have been more acceptable?
  18. No Great Exhibition of 1851

    The French Industrial Exhibition of 1844 had been highly successful. Britain wanted to respond. Prince Albert came up with the idea of a self-financing exhibition that would open its doors to the world. The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations was housed in the Crystal...
  19. In 1788 Sweden takes Norway

    King Gustav III of Sweden wanted to attack Denmark for Norway instead of going to war with Russia. However Russia refused to abandon her ally with Denmark. Suppose Sweden was able to make Norway a province. What happens then?
  20. Who does Josephine marry?

    Josephine (Napoleon I's first wife) had a sister Catherine. Catherine was suppose to marry Alexandre de Beauharnais in 1779. Catherine died before the marriage could take place. Josephine's father accompanied Josephine to France for the marriage. She was sixteen when she married Alexandre de...
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