(I've been meaning to get back to this)
The People's Republic of China, over the 21st century, has gone from an undemocratic one-party state to a... more democratic one-party state. The Guo Reforms of the 2050s introduced internal democracy into the Communist Party of China - a misnomer, even before the century began, and only more so now, as a party system has developed within the party.
The most recent election to the position of Leader of the Communist Party occurred in April 2099, when previous leader Zhou Rushan stepped down after a debacle in which a skyscraper built as part of the "New Growth Initiative" that she had spearheaded collapsed - an incident found to be the result of massive corner-cutting and moderate corruption.
Various politicians from the various factions (de facto parties) of the party put themselves forward. Zhou's groomed successor, Yu Hongzheng, ran as a moderate - in favor of greater use of social engineering and government investment in urban renewal. The three other major candidates were Zheng Weimin, who ran on a platform of increased privatization and freer trade; Xia Yingpei, who supported a more relaxed social policy, and Ou Heng, who supported greater military buildup, especially in orbital weaponry.
Contra polling, Xia was eliminated before Ou - conspiracy theorists point to this, among other elections, as evidence that the Chinese government's social engineering was being used to maintain itself by eliminating its opponents. Ou lost to Zheng in the second round, as expected, leaving a close race between Zheng and Yu. In the end, the better-funded Zheng triumphed decisively.