About China-wouldn't China gain some technology and experts by taking over Soviet territories in Siberia and Far East-I could see them gathering up remaining military and technological experts that survived to work for China in exchange for good living conditions, luxuries etc.
They would also pick up remaining technological equipment there and infrastructure, that could be used to study and develop it from bottom up(whats the proper word for this in english ?)
The main problem isn't getting the technical and scientific knowledge as such, it's getting the foreign investment and access to markets.
In OTL this only started in 1979, and has taken decades of huge investment by the West.
China, standing alone in 1962 with an international economy in meltdown and no-one left to invest in it is not going to bestride the world as a superpower any time soon, no matter how much territory or people they have.
Oh I think it is possible that such governments could form in Eastern and Central Europe, formed by military and blaming Communists and Soviets for all that happened, as well as the West for refusing to aid them in re-construction etc.
In real life in 60s some former military communists tried to take over power from hard-line communists that had pro-Soviet attitude by using nationalist rhetoric.
Nationalist authoritarianism is a distinct possibility yes, but fascism is something different from that. One shouldn't get one's 'isms' mixed up.
Fascism is all about a romanticised notion of national superiority, ambitious plans for the future, paranoia about enemies undermining the national spirit etc. None of those buttons are going to be very effective when pushed in post-war Europe.