Having either eradicated or expelled the Jewish settlers, the region is divided. Lebanon takes unnofficial control of Al-Malkiyya, Syria annexes Golan Heights, Jordan, under King Abdullah, takes control of the North Bank, and Egypt occupies South Palestine, with many of the Muslim Brotherhood and Arab Liberation Army also settling there. However many of the Palestinians, initially hopeful of a new era of independence and self-government, begin to resent what they increasingly view as occupation by Jordan, and it becomes clear that King Abdullah had every intention of annexing Palestinian territories to Jordan. The leftist elements of Palestine form the Palestinian Liberation Organisation, a peaceful group who begin nonviolent demonstrations against the Jordanian authorities. However the Jordanians crack down hard on the protesters, seeking to curb the new radical movement. The PLO fighters, commonly known as fedayeen, escalate their conflict with Jordan, to the point that Jordan requests US and British help to contain the conflict. However the British and Americans refuse, partly because of Jordans alleged human rights abuses in the Palestinian territories. With Syria threatening to invade on behalf of the PLO (with their own interests in the Palestinian territories) Jordan backs down and grants the region Independence.
In the meantime, after the Egyptian Revolution, Gamal Abdul Nasser grants independence to Southern Palestine, after years of being nothing more than a controlled territory of Egypt, administered by a military Governor. The Muslim Brotherhood, many of whom initially had fled the Egyptian Revolution, move into Southern Palestine and establish a political party, Hamas, controversially claiming all former Palestinian territory for an Islamic state. They narrowly defeat their opponents Fatah, allied to the PLO in the north. However soon after the election fighting breaks out between the two sides, spilling over into the North Bank as well. The PLO are supported by PKK and Hezbollah, the latter whom worry about a Sunni Islamic regime close to their heartland in southern Lebanon. The Lebanese armed forces then also join the battle on the side of Hamas, seeing the opportunity to destroy militant factions who effectively control Al-Malkiyya and threaten the south of Lebanon.