Hmm, what abou
I also wonder if you might swing a “native treaty” with the Kingdom where America annexes the islands but establishes the sovereignty of the native nation, like the reservations of OTL but on a much grander scale. Obviously the borders of the native nation/non-native lands would be an issue.
I frankly think I'll have Hawaii as a "Belgium" just because it's something interesting.
Is a British protectorate possibly in the cards? That was the runner-up to American influence in Hawaii historically, although the big issue with that is obviously all the American settlers.I envisioned something of a protectorate, with a nominally independent Hawaii. I'll have to further research the topic.
I also wonder if you might swing a “native treaty” with the Kingdom where America annexes the islands but establishes the sovereignty of the native nation, like the reservations of OTL but on a much grander scale. Obviously the borders of the native nation/non-native lands would be an issue.