TL-191: After the End

Who the Caliph since the collapse of the Ottoman Empire ITTL, assuming of course that the Islamic World decided to continue it?
Well if the Hashemites are still the Sharifs of Mecca, then I'd imagine one of them. But thats probably not gonna happen as the Arab Revolt still happened, so the Ottomans probably removed the Hashemites. In OTL, I believe the King of Egypt and Sudan was offered the caliphate, but he turned it down. Maybe in this timeline, he agrees.
 
I was wondering, and if you answered this before my apologies, what is the state of sports in the United States and the world at large?

In the books they mention that football is the major sport over baseball but I was curious to see what the lists of teams in each major sport league.

By 2024, football is the dominant sport in the United States. Ice hockey and baseball are also popular sports, though they have more regional followings compared to football.

Boxing is a popular national sport in the United States, though by 2024, it has started to face competition in popularity from combat sports analogous to mixed martial arts from our world.

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In 2013, Nerdlinger, another person from this forum, wrote a history of TTL’s American Football League, and NFL teams. This history ended at 2009, but the information on AFL teams in 2009 is still correct for the AFL by 2024. By 2024, the analogue to our world’s Super Bowl is the World Bowl, which is hosted by the AFL. The Game Day for World Bowl has been made into an official national US holiday.

The following text on the AFL, describing its history and teams up until 2009, was written by Nerdlinger.

The American Football League began play in 1909 and was the first professional football circuit. Due to travel constraints (railroads were the primary means of transportation), teams were largely restricted to the northeastern and Midwest United States. During the First Great War, the league was forced to suspend operations, as the draft had scooped up the talent. The AFL resumed play in 1918. The first two decades of the league's existence were turbulent, and not just because of the war. While several teams in large cities -- e.g., the New York Gothams, the Chicago Bears and Cardinals, the Philadelphia Athletics (later the Barrels) -- were mainstays throughout this period, many teams from small markets flitted in and out of the league from season to season. It wasn't until the late '20s that membership stabilized. By 1927, the AFL had 18 teams, arranged into three 6-team divisions.

1927 AFL
East Division: Baltimore Orioles, Brooklyn Bulldogs, Boston Yankees, New York Gothams, Philadelphia Barrels, Washington Warriors
Central Division: Buffalo Braves, Cincinnati Monitors, Cleveland Lakers, Detroit Wolverines, Indianapolis Indians, Pittsburgh Ironmen
West Division: Chicago Bears, Chicago Cardinals, Kansas City Cowboys, Milwaukee Brewers, St. Louis Stallions, St. Paul Saints

The first official "World Bowl" was played that year. The three division winners and the best non-division-winner would face off in Semifinal Games, after which the two victors would participate in the World Bowl to determine the league champion. The World Bowl quickly became very popular; today it has become a de facto holiday across North America.

Meanwhile, the CSA had its own football league, played with CS rules (e.g., no forward passing) and with its own postseason championship game, the Confederate Bowl. The Confederate Football League lasted from 1923 to 1942, when the demands and destruction of war shuttered stadiums all over the country.

1941 CFL
East Division: Atlanta Chiefs, Birmingham Barons, Charleston Patriots, Norfolk Destroyers, Richmond Colts, Savannah Seahawks
West Division: Dallas Rangers, Houston Stars, Memphis Mustangs, Nashville Volunteers, New Orleans Tigers, San Antonio Alamos

The Depression had hit both leagues hard, forcing several franchises to suspend operations. The Second Great War didn't help either. But, as President Smith ordered, the game went on in the US. The Confederate invasion of Ohio and Pennsylvania overran the homes of three AFL teams and placed other stadiums within enemy crosshairs. Undaunted, these teams merely shifted operations to the north, appropriating minor league fields in upstate New York, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Iowa. For instance, the Phil-Pitt Barrelmen actually played in Syracuse, since Pittsburgh had been occupied and Philadelphia's stadium wrecked by CS bombers.

With their rosters depleted, the remaining AFL clubs temporarily merged with one another in order to stay afloat. Physically handicapped players were a common sight on the field. Teams were so desperate for able bodies that they resorted to raiding the roster of Negro League teams. The first black AFL player, Jim Robinson, took the field for the merged New York/Brooklyn team in 1943, and went on to have a Hall of Fame career as a receiver for the Bulldogs.

1943 AFL
East Division: Baltimore/Washington (Rochester), Boston/Buffalo (Boston), New York/Brooklyn (Albany), Philadelphia/Pittsburgh (Syracuse)
West Division: Chicago/Chicago, Detroit/Cleveland (Green Bay), Indianapolis/Cincinnati (Madison), Kansas City/St. Louis (Des Moines), Milwaukee, St. Paul

By 1946, the 18 pre-Depression teams were back in play, most with brand new stadiums rising from the rubble. The West Coast Football League proved an increasingly tough competitor for talent during the '50s.

1952 WCFL: Hollywood Stars, Los Angeles Dons, Oakland Oaks, Portland Columbias (which had briefly renamed themselves the Wolves during the SGW), Sacramento Senators, San Diego Marines, San Francisco Seals, Seattle Sharks

Ultimately, the WCFL lost out to the established league. The AFL absorbed the WCFL in 1961, folding two of its franchises in the process, and realigned into 3 conferences: the Pacific (comprising the former West Coast teams), the Central, and the Atlantic. The number of teams receiving postseason spots was raised from 4 to 8.

1961 AFL
Atlantic Conference
North Division: Boston Yankees, Brooklyn Bulldogs, Buffalo Braves, New York Gothams
South Division: Baltimore Orioles, Philadelphia Barrels, Pittsburgh Ironmen, Washington Warriors
Central Conference
East Division: Cincinnati Monitors, Cleveland Lakers, Detroit Wolverines, Indianapolis Indians
West Division: Chicago Cardinals, Milwaukee Brewers, Minnesota Saints (moved to Minneapolis from St. Paul in 1957), St. Louis Stallions
Pacific Conference
North Division: Portland Columbias, Sacramento Senators, San Francisco Seals, Seattle Sharks
South Division: Denver Bears (from Chicago in 1953), Los Angeles Angels (from KC Cowboys in 1961), Los Angeles Dons, San Diego Marines

Many teams from the old Confederate Football League were reincarnated in the Southern Football League, a minor league which formed in 1954 with clubs in both the US and Texas. Naturally, the league played by US rules, as the old Confederate style had fallen out of favor (and was insufficiently patriotic). The first AFL team from the former CSA, the Habana Hurricanes, had joined in 1969 (along with a new Kansas City Cowboys franchise). The SFL became so popular in the former CSA that the AFL eventually absorbed it in 1984. It became the fourth AFL conference (the Central Conference was renamed the Northern Conference at this time). The number of teams qualifying for the playoffs was upped to 12 that year.

The Canadian Football Association formed in 1958 and consisted of teams in the ex-Canadian provinces and in Quebec. Like the CFL, the CFA also played by American rules. It too was considered a minor league, not on the same level of competition as the AFL. But in 1977, the Toronto Maple Leafs and Vancouver Cougars were deemed worthy and "promoted" to the AFL as expansion teams.

1958-76 CFA
East Division: Montreal Royals, Ottawa Senators, Quebec Capitals, Toronto Maple Leafs
West Division: Calgary Cannons, Edmonton Eskimos, Vancouver Cougars, Winnipeg Wolves

1984 AFL
Atlantic Conference
North Division: Boston Yankees, Brooklyn Bulldogs, Buffalo Braves, New York Gothams, Toronto Maple Leafs
South Division: Baltimore Orioles, Philadelphia Barrels, Pittsburgh Ironmen, Washington Warriors
Northern Conference
East Division: Cincinnati Monitors, Cleveland Lakers, Detroit Wolverines, Indianapolis Indians
West Division: Chicago Cardinals, Kansas City Cowboys, Milwaukee Brewers, Minnesota Saints, St. Louis Stallions
Southern Conference
East Division: Atlanta Chiefs, Birmingham Barons, Habana Hurricanes, Miami Seahawks (from Savannah in 1966), Richmond Colts
West Division: Dallas Rangers, Houston Stars, Memphis Mustangs, New Orleans Tigers
Pacific Conference
North Division: Portland Columbias, Sacramento Senators, San Francisco Seals, Seattle Sharks, Vancouver Cougars
South Division: Denver Bears, Los Angeles Angels, Los Angeles Dons, San Diego Marines

The most recent round of expansion occurred in 2001, when 4 new teams were added, bringing the total number of teams up to its current 40. The postseason was also expanded that year to 16 teams.

2001 AFL
Atlantic Conference
North Division: Boston Yankees, Buffalo Braves, Montreal Royals, Ottawa Ospreys, Toronto Maple Leafs
South Division: Baltimore Orioles, Brooklyn Bulldogs, New York Gothams, Philadelphia Barrels, Washington Warriors
Northern Conference
East Division: Cincinnati Monitors, Cleveland Lakers, Detroit Wolverines, Indianapolis Indians, Pittsburgh Ironmen
West Division: Chicago Cardinals, Kansas City Cowboys, Milwaukee Brewers, Minnesota Saints, St. Louis Stallions
Southern Conference
East Division: Atlanta Chiefs, Charlotte Hornets, Habana Hurricanes, Miami Seahawks, Richmond Colts
West Division: Birmingham Barons, Dallas Rangers, Houston Stars, Memphis Mustangs, New Orleans Tigers
Pacific Conference
North Division: Portland Columbias, Sacramento Senators, San Francisco Seals, Seattle Sharks, Vancouver Cougars
South Division: Denver Bears, Los Angeles Angels, Los Angeles Dons, San Diego Marines, Tucson Sidewinders
 
How is the conquest of the CSA viewed from historians and average folk? Is it viewed as a national glory that made the US a greater power, or is it viewed as a long-term negative with its ethics and morals of the conquest being questioned?

By 2024, the fall of the CSA is viewed by most US historians and most of the US public as both a military victory over an existential threat to the Union and the tragic culmination of the North American Wars that stemmed from the initial success of the Confederacy in breaking away from the United States.
 
By 2024, the fall of the CSA is viewed by most US historians and most of the US public as both a military victory over an existential threat to the Union and the tragic culmination of the North American Wars that stemmed from the initial success of the Confederacy in breaking away from the United States.

I suppose any independence movements for the South are as fringe and meaningless as our timeline's Texas independence movements?
 
I suppose any independence movements for the South are as fringe and meaningless as our timeline's Texas independence movements?
He mentioned several times that independence movements in all territories of the U.S are fringe by the end of the 20th century. By the 24th century, they’d be the fringiest of fringe. Especially as theirs not much of a reason to be independent of the U.S.
 
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He mentioned several times that independence movements in all territories of the U.S are fringe by the end of the 20th century. By the 24th century, they’d be the fringiest of fringe. Especially as theirs not much reason of to be independent of the U.S.
Eh,some of ‘em could just launch an O’Neill cylinder or harness an asteroid and found a colony somewhere in space.
 
What fate in this Timeline would have befallen Sergei Korolev, the Chief Designer of the Soviet Space Programme, Werner von Braun, the fellow who designed the Saturn V Rocket, Neil Armstrong, the first man on the Moon, and also Albert Einstein, who I am quite certain needs no introduction by me?
 
I suppose any independence movements for the South are as fringe and meaningless as our timeline's Texas independence movements?

By 2024, there are no prominent movements for independence in the Midsouth. This is a legacy of the devastation caused by the Freedom Party regime and the Second Great War, as well as the successful postwar US counterinsurgency campaign against anti-US rebels in the former CSA.
 
What fate in this Timeline would have befallen Sergei Korolev, the Chief Designer of the Soviet Space Programme, Werner von Braun, the fellow who designed the Saturn V Rocket, Neil Armstrong, the first man on the Moon, and also Albert Einstein, who I am quite certain needs no introduction by me?

In the TL-191 series, I believe it’s mentioned that Albert Einstein was one of the important scientists who was involved in the German project to build a superbomb.

I assume that Einstein’s life and career was broadly similar to that of his counterpart from our world until the 1930s. Without the rise of the Third Reich, Einstein would have no reason to leave for the United States.

After the end of the Second Great War, Albert Einstein, along with other German and Austro-Hungarian scientists, remained involved with the German effort to develop what became known as the sunbomb, the analogue in TTL to the hydrogen bomb. Einstein was privately horrified by the destructiveness of the final nuclear exchanges that ended the Second Great War, but was resigned to what he thought was the inevitable development of more and more powerful weapons.

Einstein died in 1957.

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Neil Armstrong doesn’t exist in TTL. By 2024, there is an analogue to the Armstrong family that mostly lives throughout the Midwest of the United States.

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The analogue to Sergei Korolev in TTL, of the same name, was born on a different date compared to our world. His family survived the First Great War, but elected not to either stay in the new Kingdom of Ukraine or return to a Russian Empire torn apart by civil war. Korolev and his family emigrated to the Empire of Brazil in 1922.

Korolev was academically gifted, and eventually became fluent in Portuguese as he trained to be an engineer. He spent his career on road and rail construction projects throughout Brazil, and eventually retired to the city of Curitiba.

By 2024, one of Korolev’s granddaughters is a theoretical physicist attached to the Empire of Brazil’s national space program.

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The analogue in TTL to Wernher von Braun, of the same name, was born on a slightly different date compared to our world. He eventually played a key role in the postwar unified Austro-Hungarian and German space alliance during the Space Chase with the United States.
 
Can you provide some more information on General Ishii Yamanda, such as what year he was born and what he did before gaining power? I'd also be very intrigued to know how he is remembered by the world in general and in Japan.
 
What became of Billy Fullerton, and what's the "Old Firm Derby" like ITTL?

The analogue in TTL to William Fullerton, of the same name, was born on a slightly different date in comparison to our world. His life was broadly similar to that of his counterpart from our world until after the end of the First Great War.

Fullerton came of age during the British loss in the First Great War, which also ended in the independence of Ireland. Fullerton became the leader of a gang of unemployed dock workers and former soldiers in Glasgow, which came to be popularly known as the King’s Men. The King’s Men became notorious in the early 1920s for their violence in Glasgow against labour organizers, as well as for their anti-Catholic bigotry.

During the General Strike of 1925, Fullerton offered the King’s Men as strike breakers for those companies whose workers joined the work stoppage. The General Strike served to further radicalize Fullerton politically, and also led to his alliance in Glasgow between the King’s Men and some local politicians.

By the late 1920s, Fullerton had allied himself with the Silver Shirts, though he initially resisted entreaties from Oswald Mosley to formally merge the King’s Men with his own faction. It wasn’t until the ascendancy of the Conservative-Silver Shirt Coalition in the early 1930s that Fullerton agreed to merge the King’s Men with the Silver Shirts, at the price of Mosley making Fullerton the political boss of the Silver Shirts for the entirety of Scotland.

Under the Coalition regime, William Fullerton established what was effectively his own private political fiefdom in Scotland. Fullerton was zealous in crushing the labour movement and any real or imagined left-wing political activity in Scotland. Conditions also worsened throughout Scotland for Catholics, who were subject to numerous unofficial forms of social and economic discrimination.

Fullerton, in a continuation from his earliest days as leader of the King’s Men in Glasgow, led what was effectively a criminal extortion and smuggling racket in the 1930s and early 1940s that at its height during the Second Great War extended into northern England, as well as Ireland following the British military conquest of that nation.

Oswald Mosley viewed Fullerton with disdain and suspicion. Some postwar historians speculated that had the Entente won the Second Great War and the Coalition remained in power, Fullerton would have played a role in a hypothetical power struggle within the regime to succeed Winston Churchill. These speculations formed part of the basis for the plot of the 1992 Australian spec fic and political thriller Lions Led by Donkeys, by Hercules Edwards, which imagined, in a world where the Entente won the Second Great War, a power struggle between Randolph Churchill and Oswald Mosley, in which William Fullerton plays what ultimately proves to be a pivotal role in support of the victor of this power struggle.

William Fullerton fell from power in 1944, with the end of the Second Great War and the fall of the Conservative-Silver Shirt Coalition. Fullerton fled from the United Kingdom with his family and his closest allies, initially for South Africa, before ultimately decamping for Rhodesia. He died of malaria in 1950.

Fullerton left a bitter legacy in Scotland, which was marred by worse sectarian hatred between Protestants and Catholics in the late 20th Century compared to our world. This was compounded by the survival of criminal activity in Scotland that was descended from the extortion and smuggling racket that Fullerton ran during his time in power, which was not successfully suppressed until the late 1960s.

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By 2024, the teams that comprise the Old Firm are the same as in our world, though the rivalry between these teams is more hard edged compared to OTL.
 
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The analogue in TTL to William Fullerton, of the same name, was born on a slightly different date in comparison to our world. His life was broadly similar to that of his counterpart from our world until after the end of the First Great War.

Fullerton came of age during the British loss in the First Great War, which also ended in the independence of Ireland. Fullerton became the leader of a gang of unemployed dock workers and former soldiers in Glasgow, which came to be popularly known as the King’s Men. The King’s Men became notorious in the early 1920s for their violence in Glasgow against labour organizers, as well as for their anti-Catholic bigotry.

During the General Strike of 1925, Fullerton offered the King’s Men as strike breakers for those companies whose workers joined the work stoppage. The General Strike served to further radicalize Fullerton politically, and also led to his alliance in Glasgow between the King’s Men and some local politicians.

By the late 1920s, Fullerton had allied himself with the Silver Shirts, though he initially resisted entreaties from Oswald Mosley to formally merge the King’s Men with his own faction. It wasn’t until the ascendancy of the Conservative-Silver Shirt Coalition in the early 1930s that Fullerton agreed to merge the King’s Men with the Silver Shirts, at the price of Mosley making Fullerton the political boss of the Silver Shirts for the entirety of Scotland.

Under the Coalition regime, William Fullerton established what was effectively his own private political fiefdom in Scotland. Fullerton was zealous in crushing the labour movement and any real or imagined left-wing political activity in Scotland. Conditions also worsened throughout Scotland for Catholics, who were subject to numerous unofficial forms of social and economic discrimination.

Fullerton, in a continuation from his earliest days as leader of the King’s Men in Glasgow, led what was effectively a criminal extortion and smuggling racket in the 1930s and early 1940s that at its height during the Second Great War extended into northern England, as well as Ireland following the British military conquest of that nation.

Oswald Mosley viewed Fullerton with disdain and suspicion. Some postwar historians speculated that had the Entente won the Second Great War and the Coalition remained in power, Fullerton would have played a role in a hypothetical power struggle within the regime to succeed Winston Churchill. These speculations formed part of the basis for the plot of the 1992 Australian spec fic and political thriller Lions Led by Donkeys, by Hercules Edwards, which imagined, in a world where the Entente won the Second Great War, a power struggle between Randolph Churchill and Oswald Mosley, in which William Fullerton plays what ultimately proves to be a pivotal role in support of the victor of this power struggle.

William Fullerton fell from power in 1944, with the end of the Second Great War and the fall of the Conservative-Silver Shirt Coalition. Fullerton fled from the United Kingdom with his family and his closest allies, initially for South Africa, before ultimately decamping for Rhodesia. He died of malaria in 1950.

Fullerton left a bitter legacy in Scotland, which was marred by worse sectarian hatred between Protestants and Catholics in the late 20th Century compared to our world. This was compounded by the survival of criminal activity in Scotland that was descended from the extortion and smuggling racket that Fullerton ran during his time in power, which was not successfully suppressed until the late 1960s.

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By 2024, the teams that comprise the Old Firm are the same as in our world, though the rivalry between these teams is more hard edged compared to OTL.
TTL's Peaky Blinders analog would certainly be interesting.

Does the Orange Order still exist ITTL?
 
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@David bar Elias Why didn’t the Nord-du-Québec (North of Quebec) a largely indigenous (more than 2/3) but little populated state either go independent or join the USA? In IOTL the reason why the Quebec independence referendum failed because the native population didn’t want to be a part of a state that they had no stake in or was seen in their interest (helps they don’t see themselves as Quebec or Canadian). It seems more likely they would declare independence later down the line than be part of a state that would marginalise them, as most of their brethren would be in the USA. What’s the story there?
 
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