Margaret, Queen of Scotland and Norway, Queen consort of England (1283-1354)

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REICHFURST

REICHFURST

FAMILY AND POLITICS (PART 5)

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Allegory of the birth of Prince Alexander of Scotland, eldest son of Prince-Regent Alexander and Princess Violante. Extract from the Chronicles of Jean Frosissart.
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Queen Margaret and the Three Kingdoms' courtiers still remained in Munich in the middle of the celebrations of King Ludwig IV and Princess Eleanor's wedding, when on 6 October 1325 arrived to the German court news from England: on 21 September at Windsor Castle, "the prayers of the English are finally answered and God turned his face to us" (extract from the Annales Paulini): Queen Isabella finally gave birth a healthy son, named Edward after his father, grandfather and great-grandfather, inmediately proclaimed Earl of Chester and heir of the English crown in preparation for his upcoming investidure as Prince of Wales.

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After Queen Margaret's visit in 1321, Isabella had another miscarriage in late March 1322 and gave birth a third daughter, Princess Elisabeth (born at Eltham Palace, 20 July 1324). This last failure to obtain the needed heir caused the complete breakdown between Edward III and his wife; despite his renewed alliance with France and the betrothal of his eldest daughter with Prince Philippe, the English King began secret negociations with Pope John XXII to obtain the annulment of his marriage; in exchange, Edward III was ready to support the Papal policies against King Ludwig IV of Germany (despite the inminent marriage of his sister); however, the announcement of Isabella's new pregnancy in early April 1325 halted the King's divorce attempt, at least for a while.

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While the news originated in the Earl of Lancaster and the English feelings of happiness to the paroxysm, the reaction in Queen Margaret was surprisingly moderated: the birth of her first grandson bring to a even more dangerous jeopardy the Scottish independence. However, her worries abruptly changed to overjoy when happy news came from Scotland on 12 October: just one month before, on 11 September 1325 at Edinburgh Castle, Princess Violante gave birth a son, named Alexander after his father. This time, much to the surprise and consternation of the English, Queen Margaret widely celebrated with her Scottish and Norwegian subjects; according to the chronicler Matthias of Neuenburg, the Queen danced and celebrated with the Lord of Bruce and the knight Smør for hours, happy for the birth of the next generation of her dynasty in her realms. When the Queen asked her daughter and son-in-law to be the godparents of the newborn Scottish prince, and their inmediate acceptance, originated the abrupt depart of the English retinue on 14 October, reportedly "in the middle of insults and cursings of the said Earl of Lancaster and his companions" (chronicler Wigand of Marburg).

After the departure of the English cortege, Queen Margaret, with her daughters and courtiers, decided to leave the Kingdom of Germany; however, she didn't returned inmediately to either Scotland or Norway: with the consent of her son-in-law and the additional militar contingent leaded by Count Adolf of the Rhine, the Queen crossed the Holy Roman Empire to the Kingdom of France, following an invitation made by her half-sister, Queen Isambour and her husband, King Louis X.


TO BE CONTINUED.....
 
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Kynan

Kynan

Magnus VI of Norway (b.1238: d.1280) m. Ingeborg of Denmark (b.1244: d.1287) (a)

1a) Eric II of Norway (b.1268: d.1299) m. Margaret of Scotland (b.1261: d.1283) (a), Isabel Bruce (b.1272) (b)

1a) Margaret I, Queen of Scotland and Norway (b.1283) m. Edward II of England (b.1284: d.1318) (a)

1a) Edward III of England (b.1302) m. Isabella of France (b.1295) (a)

1a) Margaret of England (b.1317) b. Philip of France (b.1316)

2a) Miscarriage (c.1318)

3a) Miscarriage (c.1319)

4a) Joan of England (b.1320)

5a) Miscarriage (c.1321)

6a) Miscarriage (c.1322)

7a) Elisabeth of England (b.1324)

8a) Edward, Prince of Wales (b.1325)
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2a) Eleanor of Scotland and England (b.1303) m. Ludwig IV of Germany (b.1282) (a)

3a) Alexander of Scotland and England, Prince of Scotland (b.1304) m. Violante of Aragon (b.1310)

1a) Alexander of Scotland (b.1325)​

4a) Eric of Scotland and England, Heir and Lord of Norway (b.1310)

5a) Margaret of Scotland and England (b.1314)

6a) Joan of Scotland and England (b.1316)
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2b) Ingeborg *Isambour* Eiriksdatter of Norway (b.1297) m. Louis X of France (b.1289) (a)

1a) Philip of France (b.1316) b. Margaret of England (b.1317)
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2a) Haakon V of Norway (b.1270: d.1318) m. Euphemia of Rügen (b.1280: d.1312) (a), p. Various Women (b)


1b) Agnes Haakonsdatter, Dame of Borgarsyssel (b.1290) m. Baron Havtore Jonsson (b.1275) (a)

1a) Jon Havtoresson (b.1312)

2a) Sigurd Havtoresson (b.1315)
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2a) Ingeborg Håkansdotter of Norway (b.1301) m. Eric, Duke of Södermanland (b.1282: d.1318) (a)

1a) Magnus Eriksson, IV of Sweden (b.1316)

2a) Euphemia Eriksdotter of Södermanland (b.1317)​
 
Kynan

Kynan

Can someone tell me if the French royal family has had any other children born since Philip. I've been through to see and it seems that they didn't, but that also seems unusual.
 
REICHFURST

REICHFURST

THE VISIT TO THE KINGDOM OF FRANCE (PART 1)

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Extract of the Psalter of Queen Isambour of France, who showed the meeting between her and her mother Isabel, Dowager Queen of Norway (veiled as a widow) during a hunting at Vincennes.
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After a trip through the towns of Biberach, Ravensburg, Überlingen, Schaffhausen and Basel, the Scottish-Norwegian entourage finally arrived to the city of Besançon, one of the main cities of the Free County of Burgundy (Franche Comté de Bourgogne) in the first hours of 29 October 1325. Despite being tecnically a part of the Holy Roman Emire, at that moment the County was ruled by a member of the Valois dynasty, Prince Philippe, Count of Poitiers (younger brother of King Louis X), who ruled the Franche Comté by right of his wife Jeanne, who suceeded her brother Robert in 1315 and was also the heiress of the disputed County of Artois through her mother Mahaut. Was the Count of Poitiers, following the orders of his brother, who received from Count Adolf of the Rhine the obligation to escorted the Queen and her retinue in the second part of her trip, now in the Kingdom of France. In the main cities of Dijon, Tonnerre, Auxerre, Sens and Melun, Queen Margaret was enthusiastically received with parades and ceremonies.

The formal entry of the Scottish-Norwegian cortege to Paris, on 10 September 1325, was, according to the chronicler Jean Froissart

of such magnificent never seeing before in the Kingdom of France.....the Queen of Scotland and Norway was wihtout doubt the most prestigious visitant of the royal court in centuries....

The Queen and her daughters were officially greeted at the Louvre Palace by King Louis X, Queen Isambour with the whole French royal family and court. The first ones who paid their respects to Queen Margaret were Robert III of Artois, Lord of Conches-en-Ouche, Domfront, and Mehun-sur-Yèvre, with his wife Princess Jeanne of Poitiers and their only child, the 2-years-old Philippe of Artois (born in 1323). An staunch supporter of Queen Isambour, Robert III soon gained the favor of the Queen of Scotland and Norway; however, his wife (with whom he had a disastrous marriage due to the rivalry of their families) showed a cold reception to the foreign royals.

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Following the "sudden" disease suffered by King Louis X in early June 1316, his health remained delicate; in addition, her mental condition seems to be deteriorated after this event, a fact who originated a bitter dispute between Queen Isambour and the Count of Poitiers for the government.

Thanks to the support of her allies Robert III of Artois and Odo IV of Burgundy, Queen Isambour prevailed over her brother-in-law and Mahaut, and effectively ruled the Kingdom while her husband became incapable to reign (mid-November 1316); in addition, the French Queen gained the favor of the court because she fulfilled her duties giving birth constantly: after the birth of Prince Philippe in 1316, the Queen gave birth seven more children (of whom four survive infancy) in the next nine years, all born at the old Palais de la Cité in Paris -Jeanne (born: 19 May 1317 - died: 17 August 1319), Louis (born: 1 December 1318 - died: 13 December 1318), Isabelle (born: 26 October 1319), Marguerite (born: 10 July 1321), Éric (born: 3 February 1323), Tristan (born: 24 March 1324) and Robert (born: 16 June 1325 - died: 24 June 1325).

Despite her constants confinements, Isambour kept the reins of the government firmly in her hands (moreover because her husband's mind began to wander more intensely since late 1324) with the help of Robert III, Odo IV and her younger brother-in-law Prince Charles, Count of La Marche (who, after being convinced that Mahaut's intrigues and ambition could be detrimental to France, allied with the Queen). Also, Isambour kept a constant correspondence with her mother Isabel, Dowager Queen of Norway (who finally moved to France in early May 1324 after several invitations of her daughter) and her half-sister Queen Margaret, with whom she kept a warm and close relationship.

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Despite the mutual love and respect that between both sisters developed since their first meeting, Queen Margaret's visit to the Kingdom of France wasn't only a family visit: in fact, had a clear political intention, forestall the French-English alliance, cemented with the betrothal between Prince Philippe of France and Princess Margaret of England in April 1321. With this intention, during a great banquet held in her honor at the Palais de la Cité on 24 September 1325, was announced the betrothal between Prince Alexander of Scotland (the newborn son of the Prince-Regent) with Princess Isabelle, the eldest surviving daughter of King Louis X and Queen Isambour. However, because was needed the papal dispensation for the upcoming marriage because both Alexander and Isabelle are first cousins once removed, was decided that the French King and Queen with their court, and Queen Margaret and her retinue, must visit the city of Avignon in order to obtain the dispensation from Pope John XXII.


TO BE CONTINUED......
 
Kynan

Kynan

Magnus VI of Norway (b.1238: d.1280) m. Ingeborg of Denmark (b.1244: d.1287) (a)

1a) Eric II of Norway (b.1268: d.1299) m. Margaret of Scotland (b.1261: d.1283) (a), Isabel Bruce (b.1272) (b)

1a) Margaret I, Queen of Scotland and Norway (b.1283) m. Edward II of England (b.1284: d.1318) (a)

1a) Edward III of England (b.1302) m. Isabella of France (b.1295) (a)

1a) Margaret of England (b.1317) b. Philip of France (b.1316)

2a) Miscarriage (c.1318)

3a) Miscarriage (c.1319)

4a) Joan of England (b.1320)

5a) Miscarriage (c.1321)

6a) Miscarriage (c.1322)

7a) Elisabeth of England (b.1324)

8a) Edward, Prince of Wales (b.1325)
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2a) Eleanor of Scotland and England (b.1303) m. Ludwig IV of Germany (b.1282) (a)

3a) Alexander of Scotland and England, Prince of Scotland (b.1304) m. Violante of Aragon (b.1310)

1a) Alexander of Scotland (b.1325) b. Isabelle of France (b.1319) (a)
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4a) Eric of Scotland and England, Heir and Lord of Norway (b.1310)

5a) Margaret of Scotland and England (b.1314)

6a) Joan of Scotland and England (b.1316)
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2b) Ingeborg *Isambour* Eiriksdatter of Norway (b.1297) m. Louis X of France (b.1289) (a)

1a) Philip of France (b.1316) b. Margaret of England (b.1317) (a)

2a) Jeanne of France (b.1317: d.1319)

3a) Louis of France (b.1318: d.1318),

4a) Isabelle of France (b.1319) b. Alexander of Scotland (b.1325) (a)

5a) Marguerite of France (b.1321)

6a) Éric of France (b.1323)

7a) Tristan of France (b.1324)

8a) Robert of France (b.1325: d.1325)
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2a) Haakon V of Norway (b.1270: d.1318) m. Euphemia of Rügen (b.1280: d.1312) (a), p. Various Women (b)

1b) Agnes Haakonsdatter, Dame of Borgarsyssel (b.1290) m. Baron Havtore Jonsson (b.1275) (a)

1a) Jon Havtoresson (b.1312)

2a) Sigurd Havtoresson (b.1315)
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2a) Ingeborg Håkansdotter of Norway (b.1301) m. Eric, Duke of Södermanland (b.1282: d.1318) (a)

1a) Magnus Eriksson, IV of Sweden (b.1316)

2a) Euphemia Eriksdotter of Södermanland (b.1317)​
 
REICHFURST

REICHFURST

THE VISIT TO THE KINGDOM OF FRANCE (PART 2)

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Modern view of the Palais des Papes, Avignon.
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The meeting of Queen Margaret of Scotland and Norway with Pope John XXII and his court at the Episcopal Palace near the Cathedral of Avignon on 29 September 1325 was a magnificent event recorded by contemporary and later chroniclers, because was one of the few times that a foreign sovereign visit the Papal court in the Kingdom of France.

Jean Froissart wrote in his Chroniques about this event:

Margaret, the Queen of the Scots and ruler of Norway, also Queen consort of the English, with a magnificent treasure and a large retinue of courtiers, nobles and servants, enteres in the city of the Avignon, escorted by King Louis and Queen Isambour, who was the sister of the said Queen....the whole city was iluminated and crowned to see the Queen, who with her daughters kissed the feet and robes of the Pope and asked his blessing for them.

The event was so important at that time, that even religious sources mentioned it in their sources, like Peter of Dusburg (Priest-Brother and chronicler of the Teutonic Knights), who briefly wrote about this in his Chronicon terrae Prussiae:

The noble Maid of Norway, Queen consort of the English and sovereign of the Scots and Norwegians, paid a visit to the Pope in his court. The churches and monasteries around the Papal court paid their respect to the Queen and her relatives the French monarchs, who were her guests.

Following the celebrations and customary demostration of friendship -including Queen Margaret's visit to the Palais Vieux (Old Palace), later known as the Palais des Papes (Papal Palace)-, however, the politics began; firstly, Pope John XXII granted the dispensation for the marriage between Prince Alexander of Scotland and Princess Isabelle of France on 1 October 1325; after this, Queen Margaret renewed her homage to the Pope, who in exchange officially declared the Kingdoms of Scotland and Norway under the direct protection of the Holy See, confirmed with the Queen's coronation as sovereign of both realms at Avignon Cathedral on 5 October by the Pope himself.

The festivities were reasumed for another month until unexpected news arrived from Scotland: in clear defiance to the alliance of his mother with the Pope, in mid-October King Edward III, with Earls of Lancaster and Pembroke and one of the largest armies seen until them, arrived to the Hadrian's Wall near Carlisle and began the invasion of the Kingdom of Scotland.


TO BE CONTINUED.......
 
REICHFURST

REICHFURST

HI TO ALL THE MEMBERS::::::::::::::

After almost three years I had de oportunity now to revive all my threads!!!! Sorry but I have serious health issues now resolved...I hope your support!! Thanks!!!!!! :cool:
 

PrincePacman47

I just recently came across this thread after reading about Scottish history, wondering how different things would have been had Margaret survived childhood... after reading it all the way, I'll say it's been amazing.

Though it has been a few years since it's been updated, one can hope it may be updated again in the future.
 
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