The Kingdom of South Arabia isn't what you probably think it is. Riyadh in this Arabia remains nothing but a small desert town, the capital of KSA is actually
Salalah, and as such, Omani and Yemeni cultures remain relatively dominant in the Kingdom. The King is elected by the noble families for life, the first king was an as-Saidi (an Omani), but the current king is a Saudi, and the expectation is that this will rotation will continue for as long as the Kingdom continues to exist. Given the history of Oman, the KSA is much more pro-Iranian than its northern neighbour.
And you've guessed the character of the Levantine Federation right aswell. There is a subclause in the Levantine constitution that states that "
acknowledging that the Federation is the historic homeland of the Jewish race, the persecution of Jews by any governmental or private organisation is expressly prohibited, and that furthermore, the Levantine Federation shall do everything in its power to prevent anti-Semitism both domestically and abroad". In addition, one of the Federation's states is Israel (consisting of OTL Israel north of Jerusalem), Israel has special rights in that it is the only state in the Federation permitted to practice positive discrimination, and has special veto rights on the Federal level. Most Levantines acknowledge that due to the events of WWII, Israel's special rights are warranted. However, an Israeli Independence Party routinely scores around 15-20% of the vote in state and federal elections.