American Freecar Challenge Cup (AFCC)
The American Freecar Challenge Cup, was an SCUA (Sportscar Union of America) sports car racing series from 1966 to 1982.
History
The AFCC started out as a cooperation between the SCUA and American automotive manufacturers in 1966. They wanted a racing series with cars that have no restrictions in engine capacity, aerodynamics or technical equipment. The hopes of the manufacturers were, that the techniques used in this series might be used for their production cars, as many American manufacturers faced competition by the cheaper and technologically advanced cars from Europe (In particular Germany). Thus, the American Freecar Challenge Cup was born (The "Freecar" should indeed indicate, that the cars were free from any restrictions).
The regulations were minimal, for example the engine size was unlimited (And turbo- as well as superchargers were allowed). The main idea was, that as long as the car had two seats, bodywork enclosing the wheels and met the safety standards, it was legal. The AFCC regulations became so popular, that international manufacturers such as Toyota, Nissan or Auto Union from Germany build sportscars after that regulations.
With these factors, the AFCC became quickly popular. The prize money was decent, so a lot of teams built cars for the series to partake. The cars were spectacular, and crowd attendances were high. The "Freecar" (Common abbreviation of the official name) was also the first motorsports series to get coverage on a major television network in the UASR.
But the first clouds on the horizons arrived in the mid-1970's. An economy crises forced foreign manufacturers out of the series, and even some national teams pulled the plug. Only the spendings of American car manufacturers saved the series. The SCUA also cooperated with the FIA, and introduced Group 6 sportscars in 1976. But they had much more restrictions than the old Freecars. While the interest of motorsport enthusiasts was still high, sponsors, TV, and in the end even the manufacturers lost interest in the series. By this time, the rival AMSA (American Motorsports Association) GT Championship attracted fans and manufacturers with cheaper cars, and close racing. The manufacturers went to the AMSA series, while the AFCC became a privatiers-only championship, with an average of 12 cars at every race. After the 1982 season, the SCUA pulled the plug on the series, and thus ended the 16 year old life of the AFCC series.
Notable drivers
Because Freecar was one of the most prestigeous championships in its era, many American drivers competed in this series. But international drivers competed in this series too. Notable drivers were
Chris Amon, Mario Andretti, Jack Brabham, John Cannon, Mark Donohue, Vic Elford, Masten Gregory, Dan Gurney, Jim Hall, Phil Hill, Denny Hulme, Jacky Ickx, Parnelli Jones, Roger McCluskey, Bruce McLaren, Paul Newman, Sam Posey, Peter Revson, Pedro Rodríguez, Jo Siffert, John Cordts, David Hobbs, Jackie Stewart, John Surtees, Hans-Joachim Stuck, Jochen Mass and Hans Heyer.
Technology
Still, the AFCC left a huge legacy for the automotive industry. The excessive use of turbochargers allowed American manufacturers to use this technology for their road cars. The trend went to smaller, but more powerful engines in road cars, which led to the use of these cars in rally competitions, as they were pretty fast, but still easy to drive.
The cars were pretty fast, even by today's standards. In fact, they could race faster lap times than today's Formula One or IndyCar cars.
The big disadvantage were the high costs which were ironically triggered by the involvement of the manufacturers. The teams could spend lots and lots of money, because the manufacturers would have paid anyway (Or bailed them out in case of emergency). After the manufacturers pulled out, many teams had to pull out of the AFCC too.
Manufacturers
Many private teams (Or "racing collective", as they were called in America) build cars on their own. Chapparal, McLaren, Lola or Shadow were among them. They were supported by manufacturers like Ford, Chevrolet or Chrysler. Even the manufacturers design bureaus helped the teams with designing their AFCC race cars.
But foreign involvement was also high. The Auto Union fielded several variations of their AU 917 sports prototype, that were very successful. Auto Union was also the only foreign company, that provided their Group 6 936s to local teams. Toyota and Nissan also competed with their AFCC prototypes. British manufacturers like Jaguar or BRM also planned to partake in the series, but the frosty relations between Britain and the UASR forced them to abandon their plans. British drivers would nonetheless compete in the series.