[Redone] World in Conflict
Following the Arab-Israeli war of 1967, Jordan became the home to over a million Palestinian refugees, abandoning their settlements in the West Bank and Golan Heights, in effect setting the stage for the future conflict. With the radicalization among Palestinian refugees, the Palestinian Liberation Organization became a powerful militant force, based in Jordan. And with the assassination of king Hussein in 1970, following “Black September”, the PLO overthrew the Jordanian monarchy, with Yasser Arafat becoming the first president of the Republic of Jordan.
By October 1973 a coalition of Arab states (Jordan under Yasser Arafat, Syria under Hafez al-Assad, and Egypt under Anwar Sadat) launched a surprise attack on Israel, invading the nation through the Golan Heights, the Sinai, and the West Bank. After a mere three months of fighting and thousands of casualties on both sides peace was finally made, a stalemate that would lead the world into a global conflict in just a decade. When the Camp David Accords were signed in 1978, Israel was left in a precarious position, surrounded by an Arab coalition bent on their destruction.
Due to multifaceted tensions caused by the Palestinian refugees inside Jordan and with those still loyal to the late Hashemite monarchy, civil war broke out in early 1975, with the PLO continuing violence against Israel, emboldened by a perceived victory against Israel in 1973. This violence peaked during Operation “Rift Valley”, provoked by the West Bank Massacre which was carried out by Palestinian militants based in Western Jordan. As a result the United Nations Interim Force was created in Jordan, and to confirm Israeli withdraw from Western Jordan to restore international peace and security.
Following relative peace between Israel and Jordan in 1980-81, the peace was shattered when Israel resumed strikes against targets in Western Jordan, in an attempt to trigger a war to drive out the PLO from Western Jordan and restore the peace. In July 1981 a ceasefire had been brokered and the Israeli-Jordanian border experienced a state of peace and calm not seen since 1967. But it was not to last. Following the PLO bombing of Israeli civilian and military targets near the Israeli-Jordanian border in the West Bank in April 1982. As a result of the attacks Israel once again resumed air strikes against Jordan, culminating in the Israeli invasion of Western Jordan in June 1982, in operation "Peace For Jordan."
After Israel's invasion of Jordan and occupation of Amman, Syria brought Egypt into the war, both invading Israel respectively, and receiving financial support from the Soviet Union while Israel received financial support from the United States. But in October 1983 the war would take a turn for the worst with the PLO bombing of the Amman Marine Barracks, killing hundreds of French and American servicemen. Through investigation it was found the PLO had been supplied by the Soviet Union with money and resources to launch the attack, although in retrospect it is unlikely the Soviet government was aware of the PLO plans to attack the Marine barracks.
The war finally boiled over in November 1983 when during Able Archer, a NATO war games exercise in Europe, led to fighting in West Germany, which in turn led to a full scale Warsaw Pact invasion of West Germany.
And the rest is history..
[Redone]World in Conflict
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Following the Arab-Israeli war of 1967, Jordan became the home to over a million Palestinian refugees, abandoning their settlements in the West Bank and Golan Heights, in effect setting the stage for the future conflict. With the radicalization among Palestinian refugees, the Palestinian Liberation Organization became a powerful militant force, based in Jordan. And with the assassination of king Hussein in 1970, following “Black September”, the PLO overthrew the Jordanian monarchy, with Yasser Arafat becoming the first president of the Republic of Jordan.
By October 1973 a coalition of Arab states (Jordan under Yasser Arafat, Syria under Hafez al-Assad, and Egypt under Anwar Sadat) launched a surprise attack on Israel, invading the nation through the Golan Heights, the Sinai, and the West Bank. After a mere three months of fighting and thousands of casualties on both sides peace was finally made, a stalemate that would lead the world into a global conflict in just a decade. When the Camp David Accords were signed in 1978, Israel was left in a precarious position, surrounded by an Arab coalition bent on their destruction.
Due to multifaceted tensions caused by the Palestinian refugees inside Jordan and with those still loyal to the late Hashemite monarchy, civil war broke out in early 1975, with the PLO continuing violence against Israel, emboldened by a perceived victory against Israel in 1973. This violence peaked during Operation “Rift Valley”, provoked by the West Bank Massacre which was carried out by Palestinian militants based in Western Jordan. As a result the United Nations Interim Force was created in Jordan, and to confirm Israeli withdraw from Western Jordan to restore international peace and security.
Following relative peace between Israel and Jordan in 1980-81, the peace was shattered when Israel resumed strikes against targets in Western Jordan, in an attempt to trigger a war to drive out the PLO from Western Jordan and restore the peace. In July 1981 a ceasefire had been brokered and the Israeli-Jordanian border experienced a state of peace and calm not seen since 1967. But it was not to last. Following the PLO bombing of Israeli civilian and military targets near the Israeli-Jordanian border in the West Bank in April 1982. As a result of the attacks Israel once again resumed air strikes against Jordan, culminating in the Israeli invasion of Western Jordan in June 1982, in operation "Peace For Jordan."
After Israel's invasion of Jordan and occupation of Amman, Syria brought Egypt into the war, both invading Israel respectively, and receiving financial support from the Soviet Union while Israel received financial support from the United States. But in October 1983 the war would take a turn for the worst with the PLO bombing of the Amman Marine Barracks, killing hundreds of French and American servicemen. Through investigation it was found the PLO had been supplied by the Soviet Union with money and resources to launch the attack, although in retrospect it is unlikely the Soviet government was aware of the PLO plans to attack the Marine barracks.
The war finally boiled over in November 1983 when during Able Archer, a NATO war games exercise in Europe, led to fighting in West Germany, which in turn led to a full scale Warsaw Pact invasion of West Germany.
And the rest is history..