Other than, 'looking good', no. Like in many other TLs, don't know enough to comment.
WI:Longer-Lived Indus Valley Civilization
- Thread starter Phaeton
- Start date
SECOND MELUHHA EMPIRE: PART THREE: 800-700 B.C.
Hey Guys, Sorry for the long wait....Iv'e been on vactation. I hope you will enjoy my next Installment.
**********
SECOND MELUHHA EMPIRE: PART THREE:
c.a. 1000 and onward B.C.: Greek Colonization of the east coast of Asia Minor. Also at about this time, Phoenician traders and colonists will spread their Alphabet and language far and wide over the succeeding centuries, where it will be adapted by many peoples, including, eventually, the Greeks and Romans.
C.a 930 and onward B.C.: King Achish IV of Gerar sends out an fleet to find lands habitable enough for future possible settlements for the Philistines. The Fleet is successful , relying on their boat designs similar that of their ancestral Sea Peoples to travel the voyage across the Mediterranean Sea. The find suitable land located on the coast of north Africa in OTL Morocco. Settlement is slow but by the end of the century, The county is recognized as an center of trade in the west.
820-774 B.C.: The Reign of Pygmalion of Tyre . During Pygmalion's reign, Tyre seems to have shifted the heart of its trading empire from the Middle East to the Mediterranean, as can be judged from the building of new colonies, including Kition on Cyprus and Carthage
C.a. 815 B.C.: Carthage is founded by Diddo by an expedition sent out by King Pygmalion.
C.a. 800 B.C.: The Etruscans arrive in Italy. Also at about this time, the Greek version of the Phoenician alphabet is first used, and the earliest iron age societies...proto-Celtic/Neo-Minoan peoples...develop in Germany and Austria. Also In this year Greece is gradually emerging from the Dark Ages following the fall
of the Minoan civilization. An increase in trade and the establishment of
governmental defense fortifications allows for the emergence of Greek city-states (the Polis) from tribal communities. These grow up around marketplaces and include cities such as Athens, Thebes, Sparta, Corinth and Megara on the Greek mainland. For the most part, the Greek city-states are similar in their political evolution, with the exception of Sparta's elite dictatorship. Most begin their political histories as monarchies, evolve to oligarchies, are overthrown during the age of the tyrants (c.a 650-500 BC) and eventually establish democracies in the sixth and fifth centuries. Of the Greek city-states, Athens and Sparta will be the two most important.
798 B.C.: Death of King Joash of Judah. He is succeeded by Amaziah.
797 B.C.: Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia. Also in this year,Thespieus, King of Athens dies after a reign of 27 years and is succeeded by his son Agamestor
794 B.C.: King Amaziah of Judah declares war against Israel, but is defeated and
captured by King Jehoash of Israel. He will remain a prisoner of Jehoash until the latter’s death in 784 BC. His sixteen-year-old son, Azariah, is named King in his stead.
789-784 B.C.: Satavahana Dacri IV improves and updates the Meluhha Military by adapted Assyrian siege technology (battering rams, siege towers), and over a dozen ship yards are built in this time period which greatly amasses the might of the Meluhha fleet. Also during these years Dacri IV, begins trading with the west African kingdom of Axum, which will lead to in the future an powerful Alliance.
785 B.C. : King Menuas of Urartu dies. Argishtis I takes the throne. Argishtis is even more expansionist, reawakens the Eastern expansionist movement. than his predecessors, and generally makes life miserable for his neighbors with incessant warfare.
784 B.C.
eath of King Jehoash of Israel. He is succeeded by Jeroboam II.
782 and onward B.C.: Greek colonists found the twin cities of Hilipolis and Creanatis in the new Meluhha territory on the Black Sea, where they trade with the Meluhhans. Contact is established between the two civilizations for the first time since the fall of the New Minoan Civilization The two city-states will become quite powerful in the future.
780 B.C.: Recognizing the common threat posed by the expansionist kings of Urartu to both of their kingdoms, Satavahana Dacri IV and King Adad Nirari III of Assyria conclude a treaty of alliance against Urartu. When Adad Nirari III dies a few years later, Dacri will renew the agreement with the new king, Shalmaneser IV, and then again with Shalmaneser’s successor, Ashur Dan III.
780-768 B.C.: Satavahana Dacri IV of Meluhha, King Goliach of Philistia, and Kings Adad Nirari III, Shalmaneser IV, and Ashur Dan III of Assyria wage war against Urartu. The combined armies of Assyria, Philistia, and Meluhha are too powerful for the Urartians to resist, and the armies of Urartu are gradually beaten back and many of their fortress cities are taken by siege. However, the Urartian capital of Tushpa is not taken, and a treaty is finally signed in 768 BC which ends the war. The power of Urartu is effectively broken, and although it will continue as a player in middle eastern politics and warfare for over a century more, it will never again threaten Meluhha, Philistia, or Assyria as it did previously. Philistia expands northward, and takes back the lands that formally belonged to the Hittite empire homeland in the bend of the Halys River (which the Urartians had taken from the Phrygians in the previous century).
776 B.C.: First recorded Olympic Games are held at Olympia in Greece.
c.a. 770 B.C.: Carthage founds a colony at Gadir, on the coast of Heavily Minoan cultured Iberia. The city will compete with other Minoan city-states during it’s early years but in the future shall become the top provider of a gateway to Spanish silver.
769 B.C.: King Amaziah of Judah, with his multiple failures against the Philistines, has fallen into idolatry, and the people revolt against him. He flees to Lachish, where he is murdered. He is succeeded by his son, Azariah.
765 and onward B.C.: Assyria, despite it’s participation in the victory over Urartu a few years earlier, falls into a period of decline as local rebellions and plague ravage the kingdom. Also in this year, King Goliach dies he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Sheklesh I after the Sea Peoples tribe.
763 B.C.: Satavahana Dacri IV ‘’The fierce’‘ dies succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Arthroi IV. Also in this year, King Argishtis I of Urartu dies . Sardur II takes the throne.
755 B.C.: King Ashur Dan III of Assyria dies. He is succeeded by by Ashur Nirari V takes to the throne. Also in this year, Aeschylus, King of Athens dies after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by Alcmaeon.
753 B.C.: Founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus (legendary). Also in this year Acmaeon, King of Athens dies after a reign of 2 years. He is replaced by Harops, elected Archon for a ten-year term.
750 B.C.: King Azariah of Judah is struck down with leprosy. His son Jotham reigns as regent from this time onward.
C.a 750-740 B.C.: Hoplite phalanx adopted by cities of Greece. Previously fighting was carried out by a relatively few warriors with a shield, sword and spear with no armor and were not organized in a phalanx. Hoplites had defensive armor and fought in close formation, phalanx, a series of rows.
748 B.C.eath of King Jeroboam II of Israel. He is succeeded by his son, Zachariah, However, Zachariah will rule for only six months before being murdered by one of his court officials, Shallum, who usurps the throne. Shallum does not enjoy his ill-gotten gains long, however, as he is, in turn, murdered by another official named Menahem, who also usurps the throne. Menahem will rule for ten years.
746-744 B.C.:King Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria receives an appeal for aid from King Nabun-nasir of Babylon, who is beset by invading Aramaean tribes. Tiglath Pileser defeats the Aramaeans and reduces Babylonia to a tributary state.
745 B.C.:Military coup in Assyria. King Ashur Nirari V is overthrown, and an army
general takes the throne as King Tiglath Pileser III. Tiglath Pileser will abandon the
alliance with Meluhha and will resume Assyria’s aggressively expansionist policies, leading to virtually continuous warfare throughout his reign.
743 B.C.: Elam has been in a disunified state since the defeat inflicted upon it by King Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon over 300 years ago. In this year, a new dynasty comes to power at Susa which will re-unify the country. King Khumbanigash I takes the throne as the first king of a united Elam, which will become a major power in the succeeding years.
743-741 B.C.:War between Assyria and Meluhha. In 743 BC, Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria invades Meluhha and tries to sieze the cities of Cermerah and Hilipolis. The cities strongly resist, and Tiglath Pileser becomes involved in a protracted siege at both cities. Satavahana Arthroi IV makes an alliance with King Sardur II of Urartu and Suppliluliuma’s vassal, King Menahem of Israel, against Assyria. The allies meet
Tiglath Pileser’s army in battle outside of Cermerah in 742 BC. The Assyrians are
victorious, but at huge cost, and have to abandon their sieges and return to Assyria. The following year, King Suppliluliuma leads the allied forces into Assyria, where they meet Tiglath Pileser again in battle, this time outside the rebuilt city of Ashur. The Assyrians this time again meet defeat at the Assyrian capital, and Tiglath Pileser sues for peace. A treaty is agreed upon later that year. Urartu and Meluhha both take some minor territory from Assyria. King Tiglath Pileser III plots revenge.
c.a. 740-738 B.C.: The Kushite and Philistine war. For many years, Egypt has been a fragmented land, with as many as four rival dynasties ruling at the same time from cities such as Tanis, Sais, Leontopolis, Herakleopolis, Hermopolis, Thebes, and Memphis. But in about 740 BC, this is about to change due to outside intervention. King Piankhi of Kush leads his army northward, Meanwhile Sheklesh I and The Philistine army conquers the Sinai Peninsula and continues southward and conquers upper Egypt as far north as Thebes. And Saiasis . The two armies wage war against each other, Both armies horridly damage the other signs a treaty in 738 B.C. Within a few years Piakhi of Kish receives oaths of loyalty from the various rival kings of Lower Egypt, and King Sheklesh I of Philistia consolidates his claims in Upper Egypt. effectively dividing the country formally. Under Pikhai starts the 25th (Kushite) Dynasty, Egypt(Although Divided) will begin to take an active role in the affairs of the middle east once more. In 740 B.C. King Azariah of Judah dies. Regent
Jotham succeeds to the throne.
739 B.C.: King Sardur II of Urartu breaks the alliance with Meluhha. Border warfare between the two kingdoms begins which will continue on for some time. Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria, of course, will take advantage of this.
739-737 B.C.: Since c. 850 BC, the Medes, a group of Indo-Iranian tribes although Culturally influenced by the Meluhha, have been settling in the region east of the Zagros Mountains, and their power has been growing, especially since they have often allied themselves with Urartu. However, they have never managed to unite, and the Assyrians have been able to keep these fierce tribesmen in check. Beginning with Shalmaneser II in 836 BC, Assyrian kings have campaigned against them. King Tiglath Pileser III continues this tradition, campaigning against the Medes from 740-738 BC. He is unable to conquer them, but devastates their country and carries away much booty. Median power is greatly reduced.
738 B.C.: King Mita (Midas) III comes to the throne of Phrygia. He will war against Philistia in an unsuccessful attempt to regain the former Phrygian lands east of the Halys River. Mita will also be known for his fabulous wealth, giving rise to the legend of “Midas ofthe Golden Touch.â€. Also in this year, King Menahem of Israel dies, and is succeeded by his son, Pekahiah.
c.a 736 B.C.: King Pekahiah of Israel is assassinated by one of his generals, Pekah, who usurps the throne. Also in this year, Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria invades Urartu. No territory is annexed by Assyria...this was more of a raid than an actual war of conquest. His armies carry away a lot of booty, however, and Urartu is weakened.
735-716 B.C.: First Messenian War. Sparta conquers the neighboring state of Messenia. The population of Messenia is enslaved and becomes the “helot†class in Spartan society.
734 B.C.: Chaldeans take power in Babylonia. In the last century, Babylonia was reunified under a native dynasty. However, the state has remained weak, and has been under the domination (but not direct rule) of Assyria during most of this time. In 734, the Chaldeans, a tribe related to the Aramaeans who had settled in the region three centuries before, sieze power in Babylon and found their own dynasty under a king called Ukin-zer. This dynasty will be much more aggressive, and will make Babylonia a major player in world politics again over the succeeding years. Also in this year,
King Sardur II of Urartu dies. Rusas I takes the throne.
733 B.C.: King Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria lays siege to the Meluhha border city of Cermerah. The city falls before Satavahana Arthroi IV can intervene, and is sacked. When the Satavahana does arrive with his army, he is defeated by Tiglath Pileser’s Assyrian host, but the cost to the Assyrians is so high that they accept an offer of peace from the Satavahana. Meluhha cedes the city of Cermerah, along with the territories it took from Assyria in 741 BC, to Assyria.
732 B.C.: Death of King Jotham of Judah. His son, Ahaz, succeeds to the throne. Ahaz
will fall into idolatry, and will be very unpopular in Judah. Also in this year, King Pekah of Israel is assassinated one of his generals, Hoshea, who usurps the throne.
731-728 B.C.: King Ukin-zer of Babylon makes an alliance with King Khumbanigash
I of Elam against Assyria. Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria invades Babylonia, and in campaign which lasts for almost four years, finally defeats the allied Babylonian and Elamite armies and King Ukin-zer is captured and executed in 728 BC. King Tiglath Pileser declares himself King of Babylonia...the first Assyrian monarch to do so. He reigns there under the name King Pulu (and thus becomes known as Pul in the pages of the Bible).
728 B.C.: The Medes are united for the first time by King Deioces.
726 B.C.: King Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria dies, and is succeeded by his son,
Shalmaneser V. Like his father, Shalmaneser rules Babylonia as well, reigning under the
name of King Ululas. Also in this year, King Sheklesh I of Philistia dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes the throne as Goliach II
c.a. 725 B.C.: The Cimmerians, a nomadic Indo-Iranian people living in the region north of the Black and Caspian Seas, are defeated by the Scythians and forced out of their homeland. The Cimmerians had been using war chariots, but quickly adopted Scythian Light cavalry tactics after being defeated by said people. Some of them settle in the Crimea (giving that peninsula their name), but most will flee south through the Caucasus Mountains into Anatolia and Mesopotamia, where they will cause great destruction.
724 B.C.: Satavahana Arthroi IV dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes the throne as Lareen IV.
722-721 B.C.: King Shalmaneser V of Assyria is assassinated in 722 BC, and civil war
breaks out in Assyria. The final victor, Shalmaneser’s younger brother, will take the
throne as King Sargon II in 721 BC.
721 B.C.: The assassination of King Shamaneser V of Assyria has lead to chaos in
Babylonia. In Babylon, a Chaldean chieftain related to the former King Ukin-zer
takes the throne, reigning as King Marduk-apal-iddina II (who will be known as
Merodach Baladan in the Bible). The new king is not content to be an Assyrian vassal,
and he will begin intriguing with the kings of other lands in an attempt to form an alliance aimed at the destruction of Assyria, and he quickly concludes an alliance with King Khumbanigash I of Elam against Assyria. King Sargon II of Assyria tries to nip the conspiracy in the bud with an invasion of Babylonia, but is defeated by the combined Babylonian and Elamite forces and forced to retreat to Assyria.
1.
720 B.C.:The Cimmerians burst out of the Caucasus and invade the Kingdom of Urartu. King Rusas I attempts a pre-emptive attack, but is defeated. Urartu is looted as far south as Lake Urmia, but their fortified cities are not taken by the nomads, and the kingdom survives (albeit severely weakened). This proves to be a temporary incursion by the Cimmerians. They will return, however. Also in this year, King Marduk-apal-iddina of Babylon, who has been negotiating with Satavahana Lareen IV, concludes a treaty of alliance with Meluhha. Satavahana Lareen IV had been impressed by the victory of Babylon and Elam over King Sargon of Assyria the previous year, and this is what persuades him to join the anti-Assyrian alliance.
720-710 B.C.: The alliance of Babylon, Elam, and Meluhha declare war on Assyria in 720 BC. In a series of grinding campaigns which will consume the next decade, the three powers destroy Assyrian power forever. The great cities of Assyria are taken, one by one, and sacked, and the Assyrian armies are defeated. The final straw comes when King Rusas Iof Urartu and King Goliach II of Philistia, joins the anti-Assyrian alliance. King Sargon II is killed in battle outside Nineveh in 712 BC. His son, Sennacherib, is unable to recover the situation, and is himself killed when Nineveh itself falls to siege in 710 BC. Assyria disappears from the map as an independent state. The victorious allies divide the land between them. King Goliach II ,takes the region west of the Harbur River. King Marduk-apal-iddina II of Babylon takes everything east of the Habur River and south of the junction of the Upper Zab and Tigris Rivers (including the cities of Nuzi and Ashur). King Argishtis II of Urartu (who had succeeded his father, Rusas I, in 714 BC) takes the territory west of the Habur River and north of the junction of the Upper Zab and Tigris Rivers, including the cities of Nineveh, Calah, and Sargon’s capital at Dur Sharrukin. King Shutruk-Nahhunte II of Elam (who had succeeded his father, Khumbanigash I, in 717 BC) and Satavahana Lareen IV, is pretty much left out in the cold, and this, along with the disputed nature of the border between Babylon and Urartu (who have no obvious natural boundary between them, unlike the Philistines with their border on the Harbur River), will lead to much warfare in the succeeding decades.
715 B.C.: King Ahaz of Judah dies, and is succeeded by his son, Hezekiah.
712 B.C.: Death of Pharaoh Piankhi of Egypt/Kush. He is succeeded by his son, Shabaka. Also in this year, King Goliach II OF Philistia attacks the last remaining rebellious native Egyptian stronghold, the city-state of Sais, which is ruled by Pharaoh Bocchoris of the 24th Dynasty. The city falls, and Bocchoris is slain. But some of his family survive, and will eventually return to throne of Egypt as the 26th Dynasty.
709-705 B.C.: War between Babylon and Elam, as King Shutruk-Nahhunte II tries to make good his claim to some of the spoils from the recent war with Assyria. The war is
inconclusive.
705-702 B.C.:King Goliach II of Philistia decides to expand his empire eastward to Asia. Accordingly, in the year 705 BC he invades Judah and Israel. While King Hoshea of Israel immediately submits to Goliach II and joins him in the assault on Judah, King Hezekiah of Judah calls on Satavahana Lareen IV for aid. Satavahana Lareen IV responds by leading an army southward against the Egyptians. The two forces meet in the Valley of Jezreel, near the town of Meggido. A bloody battle is fought in which the forces of Meluhha and Judah emerge victorious. Satavahana Lareen IV retreats to
Philistia, and abandons his ally, King Hoshea of Israel, to his fate. The Satavahana of Meluhha and The King of Judah then invade Israel, and lay siege to Hoshea in his stronghold at Samaria. The city falls, after a siege lasting 2 years, in 702 BC. Hoshea is captured and executed, and Satavahana Lareen IV gives the land of Israel to King Hezekiah of Judah, in exchange for a vow of fealty from said monarch. For the first time in over 200 years, the twelve tribes of Israel are re-united under the rule of the House of David.
700 B.C.: Satavahana Lareen IV dies he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Dacri V. Also in this year, The Cimmerians begin their Invasions of Anatolia and Mesopotamia
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Meluhha
The Medes
Elam
Uratu
Babylon
United Hebrew Kingdom
Philistia
The Phyrigans
Sheba
Axum
Kush
Hey Guys, Sorry for the long wait....Iv'e been on vactation. I hope you will enjoy my next Installment.
**********
SECOND MELUHHA EMPIRE: PART THREE:
c.a. 1000 and onward B.C.: Greek Colonization of the east coast of Asia Minor. Also at about this time, Phoenician traders and colonists will spread their Alphabet and language far and wide over the succeeding centuries, where it will be adapted by many peoples, including, eventually, the Greeks and Romans.
C.a 930 and onward B.C.: King Achish IV of Gerar sends out an fleet to find lands habitable enough for future possible settlements for the Philistines. The Fleet is successful , relying on their boat designs similar that of their ancestral Sea Peoples to travel the voyage across the Mediterranean Sea. The find suitable land located on the coast of north Africa in OTL Morocco. Settlement is slow but by the end of the century, The county is recognized as an center of trade in the west.
820-774 B.C.: The Reign of Pygmalion of Tyre . During Pygmalion's reign, Tyre seems to have shifted the heart of its trading empire from the Middle East to the Mediterranean, as can be judged from the building of new colonies, including Kition on Cyprus and Carthage
C.a. 815 B.C.: Carthage is founded by Diddo by an expedition sent out by King Pygmalion.
C.a. 800 B.C.: The Etruscans arrive in Italy. Also at about this time, the Greek version of the Phoenician alphabet is first used, and the earliest iron age societies...proto-Celtic/Neo-Minoan peoples...develop in Germany and Austria. Also In this year Greece is gradually emerging from the Dark Ages following the fall
of the Minoan civilization. An increase in trade and the establishment of
governmental defense fortifications allows for the emergence of Greek city-states (the Polis) from tribal communities. These grow up around marketplaces and include cities such as Athens, Thebes, Sparta, Corinth and Megara on the Greek mainland. For the most part, the Greek city-states are similar in their political evolution, with the exception of Sparta's elite dictatorship. Most begin their political histories as monarchies, evolve to oligarchies, are overthrown during the age of the tyrants (c.a 650-500 BC) and eventually establish democracies in the sixth and fifth centuries. Of the Greek city-states, Athens and Sparta will be the two most important.
798 B.C.: Death of King Joash of Judah. He is succeeded by Amaziah.
797 B.C.: Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia. Also in this year,Thespieus, King of Athens dies after a reign of 27 years and is succeeded by his son Agamestor
794 B.C.: King Amaziah of Judah declares war against Israel, but is defeated and
captured by King Jehoash of Israel. He will remain a prisoner of Jehoash until the latter’s death in 784 BC. His sixteen-year-old son, Azariah, is named King in his stead.
789-784 B.C.: Satavahana Dacri IV improves and updates the Meluhha Military by adapted Assyrian siege technology (battering rams, siege towers), and over a dozen ship yards are built in this time period which greatly amasses the might of the Meluhha fleet. Also during these years Dacri IV, begins trading with the west African kingdom of Axum, which will lead to in the future an powerful Alliance.
785 B.C. : King Menuas of Urartu dies. Argishtis I takes the throne. Argishtis is even more expansionist, reawakens the Eastern expansionist movement. than his predecessors, and generally makes life miserable for his neighbors with incessant warfare.
784 B.C.
eath of King Jehoash of Israel. He is succeeded by Jeroboam II.782 and onward B.C.: Greek colonists found the twin cities of Hilipolis and Creanatis in the new Meluhha territory on the Black Sea, where they trade with the Meluhhans. Contact is established between the two civilizations for the first time since the fall of the New Minoan Civilization The two city-states will become quite powerful in the future.
780 B.C.: Recognizing the common threat posed by the expansionist kings of Urartu to both of their kingdoms, Satavahana Dacri IV and King Adad Nirari III of Assyria conclude a treaty of alliance against Urartu. When Adad Nirari III dies a few years later, Dacri will renew the agreement with the new king, Shalmaneser IV, and then again with Shalmaneser’s successor, Ashur Dan III.
780-768 B.C.: Satavahana Dacri IV of Meluhha, King Goliach of Philistia, and Kings Adad Nirari III, Shalmaneser IV, and Ashur Dan III of Assyria wage war against Urartu. The combined armies of Assyria, Philistia, and Meluhha are too powerful for the Urartians to resist, and the armies of Urartu are gradually beaten back and many of their fortress cities are taken by siege. However, the Urartian capital of Tushpa is not taken, and a treaty is finally signed in 768 BC which ends the war. The power of Urartu is effectively broken, and although it will continue as a player in middle eastern politics and warfare for over a century more, it will never again threaten Meluhha, Philistia, or Assyria as it did previously. Philistia expands northward, and takes back the lands that formally belonged to the Hittite empire homeland in the bend of the Halys River (which the Urartians had taken from the Phrygians in the previous century).
776 B.C.: First recorded Olympic Games are held at Olympia in Greece.
c.a. 770 B.C.: Carthage founds a colony at Gadir, on the coast of Heavily Minoan cultured Iberia. The city will compete with other Minoan city-states during it’s early years but in the future shall become the top provider of a gateway to Spanish silver.
769 B.C.: King Amaziah of Judah, with his multiple failures against the Philistines, has fallen into idolatry, and the people revolt against him. He flees to Lachish, where he is murdered. He is succeeded by his son, Azariah.
765 and onward B.C.: Assyria, despite it’s participation in the victory over Urartu a few years earlier, falls into a period of decline as local rebellions and plague ravage the kingdom. Also in this year, King Goliach dies he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Sheklesh I after the Sea Peoples tribe.
763 B.C.: Satavahana Dacri IV ‘’The fierce’‘ dies succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Arthroi IV. Also in this year, King Argishtis I of Urartu dies . Sardur II takes the throne.
755 B.C.: King Ashur Dan III of Assyria dies. He is succeeded by by Ashur Nirari V takes to the throne. Also in this year, Aeschylus, King of Athens dies after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by Alcmaeon.
753 B.C.: Founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus (legendary). Also in this year Acmaeon, King of Athens dies after a reign of 2 years. He is replaced by Harops, elected Archon for a ten-year term.
750 B.C.: King Azariah of Judah is struck down with leprosy. His son Jotham reigns as regent from this time onward.
C.a 750-740 B.C.: Hoplite phalanx adopted by cities of Greece. Previously fighting was carried out by a relatively few warriors with a shield, sword and spear with no armor and were not organized in a phalanx. Hoplites had defensive armor and fought in close formation, phalanx, a series of rows.
748 B.C.
eath of King Jeroboam II of Israel. He is succeeded by his son, Zachariah, However, Zachariah will rule for only six months before being murdered by one of his court officials, Shallum, who usurps the throne. Shallum does not enjoy his ill-gotten gains long, however, as he is, in turn, murdered by another official named Menahem, who also usurps the throne. Menahem will rule for ten years. 746-744 B.C.:King Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria receives an appeal for aid from King Nabun-nasir of Babylon, who is beset by invading Aramaean tribes. Tiglath Pileser defeats the Aramaeans and reduces Babylonia to a tributary state.
745 B.C.:Military coup in Assyria. King Ashur Nirari V is overthrown, and an army
general takes the throne as King Tiglath Pileser III. Tiglath Pileser will abandon the
alliance with Meluhha and will resume Assyria’s aggressively expansionist policies, leading to virtually continuous warfare throughout his reign.
743 B.C.: Elam has been in a disunified state since the defeat inflicted upon it by King Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon over 300 years ago. In this year, a new dynasty comes to power at Susa which will re-unify the country. King Khumbanigash I takes the throne as the first king of a united Elam, which will become a major power in the succeeding years.
743-741 B.C.:War between Assyria and Meluhha. In 743 BC, Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria invades Meluhha and tries to sieze the cities of Cermerah and Hilipolis. The cities strongly resist, and Tiglath Pileser becomes involved in a protracted siege at both cities. Satavahana Arthroi IV makes an alliance with King Sardur II of Urartu and Suppliluliuma’s vassal, King Menahem of Israel, against Assyria. The allies meet
Tiglath Pileser’s army in battle outside of Cermerah in 742 BC. The Assyrians are
victorious, but at huge cost, and have to abandon their sieges and return to Assyria. The following year, King Suppliluliuma leads the allied forces into Assyria, where they meet Tiglath Pileser again in battle, this time outside the rebuilt city of Ashur. The Assyrians this time again meet defeat at the Assyrian capital, and Tiglath Pileser sues for peace. A treaty is agreed upon later that year. Urartu and Meluhha both take some minor territory from Assyria. King Tiglath Pileser III plots revenge.
c.a. 740-738 B.C.: The Kushite and Philistine war. For many years, Egypt has been a fragmented land, with as many as four rival dynasties ruling at the same time from cities such as Tanis, Sais, Leontopolis, Herakleopolis, Hermopolis, Thebes, and Memphis. But in about 740 BC, this is about to change due to outside intervention. King Piankhi of Kush leads his army northward, Meanwhile Sheklesh I and The Philistine army conquers the Sinai Peninsula and continues southward and conquers upper Egypt as far north as Thebes. And Saiasis . The two armies wage war against each other, Both armies horridly damage the other signs a treaty in 738 B.C. Within a few years Piakhi of Kish receives oaths of loyalty from the various rival kings of Lower Egypt, and King Sheklesh I of Philistia consolidates his claims in Upper Egypt. effectively dividing the country formally. Under Pikhai starts the 25th (Kushite) Dynasty, Egypt(Although Divided) will begin to take an active role in the affairs of the middle east once more. In 740 B.C. King Azariah of Judah dies. Regent
Jotham succeeds to the throne.
739 B.C.: King Sardur II of Urartu breaks the alliance with Meluhha. Border warfare between the two kingdoms begins which will continue on for some time. Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria, of course, will take advantage of this.
739-737 B.C.: Since c. 850 BC, the Medes, a group of Indo-Iranian tribes although Culturally influenced by the Meluhha, have been settling in the region east of the Zagros Mountains, and their power has been growing, especially since they have often allied themselves with Urartu. However, they have never managed to unite, and the Assyrians have been able to keep these fierce tribesmen in check. Beginning with Shalmaneser II in 836 BC, Assyrian kings have campaigned against them. King Tiglath Pileser III continues this tradition, campaigning against the Medes from 740-738 BC. He is unable to conquer them, but devastates their country and carries away much booty. Median power is greatly reduced.
738 B.C.: King Mita (Midas) III comes to the throne of Phrygia. He will war against Philistia in an unsuccessful attempt to regain the former Phrygian lands east of the Halys River. Mita will also be known for his fabulous wealth, giving rise to the legend of “Midas ofthe Golden Touch.â€. Also in this year, King Menahem of Israel dies, and is succeeded by his son, Pekahiah.
c.a 736 B.C.: King Pekahiah of Israel is assassinated by one of his generals, Pekah, who usurps the throne. Also in this year, Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria invades Urartu. No territory is annexed by Assyria...this was more of a raid than an actual war of conquest. His armies carry away a lot of booty, however, and Urartu is weakened.
735-716 B.C.: First Messenian War. Sparta conquers the neighboring state of Messenia. The population of Messenia is enslaved and becomes the “helot†class in Spartan society.
734 B.C.: Chaldeans take power in Babylonia. In the last century, Babylonia was reunified under a native dynasty. However, the state has remained weak, and has been under the domination (but not direct rule) of Assyria during most of this time. In 734, the Chaldeans, a tribe related to the Aramaeans who had settled in the region three centuries before, sieze power in Babylon and found their own dynasty under a king called Ukin-zer. This dynasty will be much more aggressive, and will make Babylonia a major player in world politics again over the succeeding years. Also in this year,
King Sardur II of Urartu dies. Rusas I takes the throne.
733 B.C.: King Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria lays siege to the Meluhha border city of Cermerah. The city falls before Satavahana Arthroi IV can intervene, and is sacked. When the Satavahana does arrive with his army, he is defeated by Tiglath Pileser’s Assyrian host, but the cost to the Assyrians is so high that they accept an offer of peace from the Satavahana. Meluhha cedes the city of Cermerah, along with the territories it took from Assyria in 741 BC, to Assyria.
732 B.C.: Death of King Jotham of Judah. His son, Ahaz, succeeds to the throne. Ahaz
will fall into idolatry, and will be very unpopular in Judah. Also in this year, King Pekah of Israel is assassinated one of his generals, Hoshea, who usurps the throne.
731-728 B.C.: King Ukin-zer of Babylon makes an alliance with King Khumbanigash
I of Elam against Assyria. Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria invades Babylonia, and in campaign which lasts for almost four years, finally defeats the allied Babylonian and Elamite armies and King Ukin-zer is captured and executed in 728 BC. King Tiglath Pileser declares himself King of Babylonia...the first Assyrian monarch to do so. He reigns there under the name King Pulu (and thus becomes known as Pul in the pages of the Bible).
728 B.C.: The Medes are united for the first time by King Deioces.
726 B.C.: King Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria dies, and is succeeded by his son,
Shalmaneser V. Like his father, Shalmaneser rules Babylonia as well, reigning under the
name of King Ululas. Also in this year, King Sheklesh I of Philistia dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes the throne as Goliach II
c.a. 725 B.C.: The Cimmerians, a nomadic Indo-Iranian people living in the region north of the Black and Caspian Seas, are defeated by the Scythians and forced out of their homeland. The Cimmerians had been using war chariots, but quickly adopted Scythian Light cavalry tactics after being defeated by said people. Some of them settle in the Crimea (giving that peninsula their name), but most will flee south through the Caucasus Mountains into Anatolia and Mesopotamia, where they will cause great destruction.
724 B.C.: Satavahana Arthroi IV dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes the throne as Lareen IV.
722-721 B.C.: King Shalmaneser V of Assyria is assassinated in 722 BC, and civil war
breaks out in Assyria. The final victor, Shalmaneser’s younger brother, will take the
throne as King Sargon II in 721 BC.
721 B.C.: The assassination of King Shamaneser V of Assyria has lead to chaos in
Babylonia. In Babylon, a Chaldean chieftain related to the former King Ukin-zer
takes the throne, reigning as King Marduk-apal-iddina II (who will be known as
Merodach Baladan in the Bible). The new king is not content to be an Assyrian vassal,
and he will begin intriguing with the kings of other lands in an attempt to form an alliance aimed at the destruction of Assyria, and he quickly concludes an alliance with King Khumbanigash I of Elam against Assyria. King Sargon II of Assyria tries to nip the conspiracy in the bud with an invasion of Babylonia, but is defeated by the combined Babylonian and Elamite forces and forced to retreat to Assyria.
1.
720 B.C.:The Cimmerians burst out of the Caucasus and invade the Kingdom of Urartu. King Rusas I attempts a pre-emptive attack, but is defeated. Urartu is looted as far south as Lake Urmia, but their fortified cities are not taken by the nomads, and the kingdom survives (albeit severely weakened). This proves to be a temporary incursion by the Cimmerians. They will return, however. Also in this year, King Marduk-apal-iddina of Babylon, who has been negotiating with Satavahana Lareen IV, concludes a treaty of alliance with Meluhha. Satavahana Lareen IV had been impressed by the victory of Babylon and Elam over King Sargon of Assyria the previous year, and this is what persuades him to join the anti-Assyrian alliance.
720-710 B.C.: The alliance of Babylon, Elam, and Meluhha declare war on Assyria in 720 BC. In a series of grinding campaigns which will consume the next decade, the three powers destroy Assyrian power forever. The great cities of Assyria are taken, one by one, and sacked, and the Assyrian armies are defeated. The final straw comes when King Rusas Iof Urartu and King Goliach II of Philistia, joins the anti-Assyrian alliance. King Sargon II is killed in battle outside Nineveh in 712 BC. His son, Sennacherib, is unable to recover the situation, and is himself killed when Nineveh itself falls to siege in 710 BC. Assyria disappears from the map as an independent state. The victorious allies divide the land between them. King Goliach II ,takes the region west of the Harbur River. King Marduk-apal-iddina II of Babylon takes everything east of the Habur River and south of the junction of the Upper Zab and Tigris Rivers (including the cities of Nuzi and Ashur). King Argishtis II of Urartu (who had succeeded his father, Rusas I, in 714 BC) takes the territory west of the Habur River and north of the junction of the Upper Zab and Tigris Rivers, including the cities of Nineveh, Calah, and Sargon’s capital at Dur Sharrukin. King Shutruk-Nahhunte II of Elam (who had succeeded his father, Khumbanigash I, in 717 BC) and Satavahana Lareen IV, is pretty much left out in the cold, and this, along with the disputed nature of the border between Babylon and Urartu (who have no obvious natural boundary between them, unlike the Philistines with their border on the Harbur River), will lead to much warfare in the succeeding decades.
715 B.C.: King Ahaz of Judah dies, and is succeeded by his son, Hezekiah.
712 B.C.: Death of Pharaoh Piankhi of Egypt/Kush. He is succeeded by his son, Shabaka. Also in this year, King Goliach II OF Philistia attacks the last remaining rebellious native Egyptian stronghold, the city-state of Sais, which is ruled by Pharaoh Bocchoris of the 24th Dynasty. The city falls, and Bocchoris is slain. But some of his family survive, and will eventually return to throne of Egypt as the 26th Dynasty.
709-705 B.C.: War between Babylon and Elam, as King Shutruk-Nahhunte II tries to make good his claim to some of the spoils from the recent war with Assyria. The war is
inconclusive.
705-702 B.C.:King Goliach II of Philistia decides to expand his empire eastward to Asia. Accordingly, in the year 705 BC he invades Judah and Israel. While King Hoshea of Israel immediately submits to Goliach II and joins him in the assault on Judah, King Hezekiah of Judah calls on Satavahana Lareen IV for aid. Satavahana Lareen IV responds by leading an army southward against the Egyptians. The two forces meet in the Valley of Jezreel, near the town of Meggido. A bloody battle is fought in which the forces of Meluhha and Judah emerge victorious. Satavahana Lareen IV retreats to
Philistia, and abandons his ally, King Hoshea of Israel, to his fate. The Satavahana of Meluhha and The King of Judah then invade Israel, and lay siege to Hoshea in his stronghold at Samaria. The city falls, after a siege lasting 2 years, in 702 BC. Hoshea is captured and executed, and Satavahana Lareen IV gives the land of Israel to King Hezekiah of Judah, in exchange for a vow of fealty from said monarch. For the first time in over 200 years, the twelve tribes of Israel are re-united under the rule of the House of David.
700 B.C.: Satavahana Lareen IV dies he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Dacri V. Also in this year, The Cimmerians begin their Invasions of Anatolia and Mesopotamia
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Meluhha
The Medes
Elam
Uratu
Babylon
United Hebrew Kingdom
Philistia
The Phyrigans
Sheba
Axum
Kush
SECOND MELUHHA EMPIRE: PART FOUR: 700-600 B.C.
Here is the fourth Installment everyone....I hope you all will enjoy it.
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SECOND MELUHHA EMPIRE: PART FOUR
699 B.C.: Death of King Shuttruk Nahhunte II of Elam. He is succeeded by Khallushu. Also in this year, The Cimmerians invade Urartu again and once again, devastate the kingdom. But they are unable to take the fortified cities, and the kingdom survives, for the time being. Seeing what is happening in the neighboring kingdom, Satavahana Dacri V of Meluhha, orders a reorganization of the Meluhhain army. The chariot force is disbanded and converted to cavalry (each chariot demobilized allows two cavalrymen to be added to the army). Also at this time, King Goliach II of Philistia conquers and receives, tribute from the Phoenician city-states on the Lebanese coast. King Goliach II shall take the throne in Tyre, becoming the first Philistine king to do so. From this day forward, all of Phoenicia shall be stripped of all it powerful leaders and become officially annexed to the Philistine Empire.
697 B.C.:Also in this year, the Cimmerians invade Philistia, but are defeated by the more organized and powerful Philistine army, which has a much larger preponderance of cavalry and is much more mobile. King Goliach II then bribes the Cimmerians and gives them free passage over his lands to attack the Phrygian Kingdom, which has been a constant thorn in the side of Philistia, since King Mita III ascended the throne almost 40 years ago.
695 B.C.: The Cimmerians sack the kingdom of Phrygia and settle there. King Mita
(Midas) III commits suicide in his capital at Gordium when the city falls to the
Cimmerians. He is succeeded by Gordios IV, who reigns as a weak vassal of the
Cimmerians. Also in this year, King Gyges of Lydia, who has reigned as the vassal of King Mita III of Phrygia since 718 BC, establishes the independence of Lydia at the death of King Mita. The new king of Phrygia, Gordios IV, is unable to restore Phrygian rule in the area. Gyges of Lydia will war with the Cimmerians throughout his reign.
695-694 B.C.:War between Elam and Babylonia. King Marduk-apal-iddina II of Babylon is defeated and killed, and Elam conquers Babylonia. King Khallushu of Elam installs the first of a series of vassal kings on the Babylonian throne, who takes the throne as Nergal-Ushezib.
694-693 B.C.: King Goliach II of Philistia/Tyre invades the United Hebrew Kingdom and lays siege to Jerusalem. King Hezekiah calls on his ally, Satavahana Dacri V, and with the new revamped Meluhha Army, together the allies once again defeat the invading Philistine forces. Goliach II retreats back to the Gaza Strip, and the Hebrews are left in peace for a while.
693 B.C.: Death of King Khallushu of Elam. He is succeeded by King Kutir Nakhkhunte. Also in this year, the vassal king of the Elamites in Babylon, Nergal-Ushezib, attempts a rebellion but is defeated. The Elamites formally annex Babylonia into the Elamite Empire. The Elamites install Mushezib-Marduk I as their vassal king at Babylon. Mushezib-Marduk I will prove a loyal vassal for the Elamite kings, and will enjoy a long reign.
692 B.C.: Death of King Kutir Nakhkhunte of Elam. He is succeeded by Khumma
Menanu.
690 B.C.: King Goliach II of Philistia dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Sheklesh II. Also in this year, the Cimmerian chieftain Dugdamme deposes and murders King Gordios IV of Phrygia, ending the Phrygian dynasty. Dugdamme declares himself King and the land is renamed Cimmeria. Under Dugdamme’s rule, the Cimmerians will continue to raid the neighboring kingdom of Lydia, with various degrees of success.
689 B.C.eath of King Khumma Menanu of Elam. He is succeeded by Khumma
Khaldash I.
688 B.C.: Death of Pharaoh Sabataka of Lower Egypt/Kush. He is succeeded by his nephew, Taharka. Taharka will prove a very aggressive ruler and will attempt to establish Kushite control over Upper Egypt and Palestine.
687 B.C.: War between Elam and Urartu over the disputed border between the two
Empires. Urartu will not survive.
686 B.C.eath of King Hezekiah of the Hebrews. He is succeeded by his son, who takes the throne as King Manasseh. Manasseh was very impressed by the “divine protection†his father, a loyal follower of the Hebrew national god, Yahweh, seemed to enjoy, and in contrast to OTL, will go down in history as an extremely pious ruler.
685 B.C.eath of King Argishtis II of Urartu. He is succeeded by Rusas II. Rusas II will be the last king of Urartu.
685-679 B.C.: War between Philistia and Meluhha. King Sheklesh II of Philistia invades the United Hebrew Kingdom in 685 BC. King Manasseh once again invokes the alliance with Meluhha, and Satavahana Dacri V leads a Meluhhain army westward in 684 BC, defeating the Philistines near the town of Hazor and forcing them to retreat back to Philistia. Sheklesh II however, doesn’t give up. He intrigues with the Kings of the Independent nation of Sheba and The Mesopatamian Vassal cities (who aretributary to the Hebrews), and in 682 BC rebellions break out in those regions. King Sheklesh lands troops to support the Mesopotamian cities while leading the main Philistine forces into Palestine yet again. The strategy is temporarily successful, and because the Meluhhains are busy putting down the forces coming in from Sheba ,
Jerusalem is captured in 681 BC, and Sheklesh II establishes control over most of
Palestine. King Manasseh escapes to the fortress city of Lachish, where he withstands a
siege. In 679 BC, however, Satavahana Dacri V leads the main Meluhhain army westward once again, and once again, the Philistines are defeated. Sheklesh II retreats once again, and this time is pursued by the Meluhhain army, who once again defeat the Philistines at Pelusium. Sheklesh II then sues for peace, and a treaty is agreed upon, ending the war. King Manasseh is restored to his throne.
681 B.C.: Death of King Khumma Khaldash I of Elam, he is succeeded by Khumma
Khaldash II.
676 B.C.: King Khumma Khaldash II of Elam is assassinated and the throne is usurped by
Shilhak-In-Shushinak, a general in the Elamite army.
675 B.C.: Death of King Deioces of the Medes. He is succeeded by Phraortes, who in
alliance with Elam, will destroy Urartu. Also in this year, King Sheklesh II of Philistia
leads his army into Palestine once again. This time it is just a raid, however...the
Philstines sack a few towns and then take their booty back to Philistia before any outside
forces can intervene.
c.a. 675 B.C.: The Persians, a group of Indo-European tribes related to the Medes, move into the Elamite region known as Anshan. Their chieftain, Hakhamanish (Achaemenes to the Greeks) is recognized as King of Anshan by King Shilhak-In-Shushinak of Elam, and
becomes vassal of the Elamite King.
673 B.C.: King Shilhak-In-Shushinak of Elam, who is at war with Urartu, makes an
alliance with King Phraortes of the Medes against Urartu. The tide of war turns
decisively against Urartu. Urartu, which has never really recovered from the devastation
wrought by the Cimmerians 30 years ago, is utterly defeated within three years. The
fortified towns of Urartu are taken and sacked, and the people either killed or enslaved.
1.
670 B.C.: Tushpa, the capital city of Urartu, falls. In the fighting King Rusas II is killed,
ending the Urartian dynasty. Urartu disappears from the map, and is divided between the
Elamites (who take the old Assyrian lands conquered by Urartu in the last century) and
the Medes (who take the Urartian homeland itself).
c.a. 670 B.C.: Miletus (Greek city on the Aegean Coast of Asia Minor) begins founding
colonies both in the Black Sea and in the Mediterranean Sea.
668 B.C.: Satavahana Dacri V dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes the throne as Ikncuvus II, and unlike the first ruler by that name, Ikncuvus will become an very popular ruler in the people of Meluhha eyes. He will become extremely Pious and will spend most of his reign converting the ‘’Heathen’‘ tribes surrounding the border of Meluhha.
665-660 & 641-637 B.C.: Over years, Philistia has had much contact with the Greeks,
especially through the trading settlement founded by the Greeks at Al-Mina in Syria.
These contacts have increased dramatically recently as the King’s of Lydia have come into direct contact with the Greek cities of Ionia. One major impact of this is the increasing
availability of Greek mercenaries to the Multiple kingdoms of the Mid East. Up to now these have been hired directly, to serve as a small, but important portion of the Meluhha infantry. But in 665 BC, the new Satavahana Ikncuvus II decides to re-organize, re-train, and re-equip the Meluhhain infantry on the Greek model. Greek mercenary officers and Greek armorers are hired, and the reorganization will be completed within five years. The new army thus created is the most powerful in the east. The infantry phalanx is supported by a force of armored foot archers, as well as by light cavalry archers and armored cavalry armed with lance and bow. It is a highly flexible, disciplined and dangerous force.
663 B.C.: King Mushezib-Marduk I of Babylon dies. King Shilhak-In-Shushinak of Elam
allows his son, Mushezib-Marduk II, to assume the throne as Elam’s vassal ruler.
660 B.C.: Pharaoh Taharka of Lower Egypt/Kush dies, and is succeeded by Tamwetamani. Tamwetamani will be a weak king, and the neighbors of Egypt will enjoy a period of relative peace during his reign.
c.a. 660 B.C.: Scythian invasions of Anatolia, Iran, and Mesopotamia. The Scythians
are beaten back by the Elamites in Mesopotamia and the Lydites/Cimmerians in Anatolia, but they temporarily bring the Medes under their control, and greatly weaken the Kingdom of Elam.
c.a. 660 B.C.: King Gyges of Lydia introduces the world's first standardized money, in the form of electrum coins, stamped with the king's seal. The idea will eventually spread
throughout the world, and replace barter economies with money economies.
659 B.C.: Death of King Dugdamme of Cimmeria. He is succeeded by his son, who rules
as King Dugdamme.
657 B.C.: Megara founds Byzantium.
655-650 B.C.: The Sabean War: For the past three centuries, The former dominant Trade Kingdom in the East, Sheba, has been in a steady decline. It has been a thorn in The Kingdom of Meluhha side since 685B.C.when the tyrannical King Za Sebado II took to the throne, Although Attacks on Meluhha trade ships have been very frequent the past thirty years it has become more an threat after, Sabean naval ships began capturing sailors of the Meluhha fleet. Satavahana Ikncuvus II vows to get rid of the kingdom once and for all. Ikncuvus II allies himself with King Enzanas of Axum, who has also had simmalar affairs with Sheba declares war. The new Meluhhain Phalanx coming from the east and the swift Axumite fleet coming from the west entraps the kingdom of Sheba. By 653 B.C. The Meluhhain/Axumite forces have successfully rerouted the spice trail an Important lifeline to the Kingdom of Sheba and causes it to go in an deep state of Depression. By 650 B.C. King Enzanas forces successfully closes of the Major Irrigation Systems and Breached the splendorous Damn in Sheba. In a matter of Months, the coalition captures the Capital city of Marib, The temple of Mahram Bilqis Is ransacked and desecrated. King Za Sebado and his family manage to escape the burning of his palace only to be exactitude a few day afterwards, with the throne eliminated the kingdom of Sheba is no more. Meluhha and Axum split up the Kingdom like ways. Meluhha receives the lands of OTL Thamud and eastwards while Axum gets everything west of the boundary city.
654 B.C.: Carthage, a colony of the Phoenician city of Tyre located in OTL Tunisia on the North African coast, founds a colony in the Balearic Islands at Ibiza.
653 B.C.: Death of King Shilhak-In-Shushinak of Elam. He is succeeded by
Khumbanigash II. Also in this year, Pharaoh Tamwetamani of Lower Egypt/Kush dies. He is succeeded by Atlanersa. Atlanersa, like his father, will be a weak ruler, and will not engage in aggression against his neighbors. Also in this year, King Phraortes of the
Medes dies, and is succeeded by Cyaxares.
652 B.C.: King Gyges of Lydia is killed in battle with the Cimmerians. His capital at
Sardis is sacked, but the crown prince, Ardys, escapes, and the Lydians are able to
recover within a few years.
651 B.C.: Death of King Khumbanigash II of Elam. He is succeeded by Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak.
650 B.C.: King Sheklesh II of Philistia dies, he is succeeded by his son who will take to the throne as Adonijah IV.Also in this year, Perdiccas Temenid founds the Macedonian kingdom with capital at Aegeae (Vergina).
649 B.C.: Rebellion of Babylonia against Elam. The revolt is crushed.ª Also in this year,
King Cyaxares of the Medes re-establishes Median independence from the Scythians.
649-642 B.C.: King Dugdamme II of Cimmeria, thinking that the new king of Philistia might be easy pickings, attacks Philistia. King Adonijah IV proves to be more than Dugdamme bargained for, and the Cimmerians are severely defeated. Adonijah IV then allies himself with King Ardys of Lydia and launches a series of yearly campaigns into Cimmeria, aimed at the destruction of that kingdom and the final elimination of the Cimmerian threat once and for all. The Philistines capture the Cimmerian capital at Gordium in 642 BC, and King Dugdamme is slain. King Adonijah IV occupies all of the former lands of Phrygia shortly thereafter. The Cimmerians cease to be a threat, and will eventually be absorbed into the population of Anatolia under Philistine rule. King Ardys of Lydia is not happy at not gaining much of anything from the war, but is unable to do anything about it.
648 B.C.: Death of King Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak of Elam. He is succeeded by
Indabigash.
647 B.C.: Death of King Indabigash of Elam. He is succeeded by Khumma Khaldash III.
643-620 B.C.: War between Elam and the Medes. The Medes, under King Cyaxares, will
totally defeat and conquer Elam over a period of 23 years, aided by rebellions by the
Kings of Anshan and Babylon which force the Elamites to fight a war on three fronts.
643 B.C.: Death of Pharaoh Atlanersa of Lower Egypt/Kush. He is succeeded by
Senkamanisken. Senkamanisken will begin to interfere in Palestine in Syria,
financing rebellious Phoenician and Sabean Aristocracy(these revolts will be crushed, but will cause much inconvenience to the Rulers of the Philistine, Axumite and Meluhhain Kingdoms) These activities will eventually lead the Satavahana of Meluhha to reply in kind, with dramatic consequences.
642 B.C.: Death of King Manasseh of the Hebrews. He is succeeded by his son, Amon.
Unlike his father, Amon is not a faithful follower of Yahweh, and he quickly stirs up
resentment against himself.
640 B.C.: King Amon of the Hebrews is assassinated. He is succeeded by his son, Josiah.
Josiah will prove a pious and popular King. Also in this year, King Hakhamanish of the
Persians dies, and is succeeded by his son, Kurush (Greek--Cyrus) I. Also in this year, Sparta adopts a militaristic form of government.
638-637 B.C.: Death of King Mushezib-Marduk II of Babylon. He is succeeded by his son,
Nabu-Nasir II, who also reigns as the vassal of the kings of Elam. Also in this year, King
Adonijah IV invades Lydia. King Ardys is defeated in battle, and is besieged in
his capital at Sardis. Ardys, recognizing that he cannot prevail against the might of Philistia, offers to submit to the Great King, and the offer is accepted. Lydia will be stripped of all it’s Higher positioned officials and any surviving family members of King Ardys are killed off. By 637 B.C. The Kingdom of Lydia is formally annexed by the Philistine Empire.
635-625 B.C.: In a series of campaigns which span a decade, King Adonijah IV of Philistia reduces the Greek cities of Ionia to vassalage. Like Lydia, there are stripped of any High Positioned officals and are formaly annexed by the Philistia Empire by 625 B.C.
632 B.C.: Athens abolishes the monarchy in favor of an oligarchy.
631-622 B.C.: Revolution in Egypt. For the past century, Egypt has chafed under the rule
of the foreign kings of Kush and Philistia (Both of who are reigning in Egypt as the 25th Dynasty). The city of Sais has as it’s nomarch a man named Psamtik, who is descended from the last Pharaoh of the Saite 24th Dynasty. He has been for some time, intriguing with Satavahana Ikncuvus of Meluhha, seeking support for a rebellion against the Philistine rulers of Egypt. Psamtik has gained financial support for his efforts, but no promise of troops or other direct aid. However, the financial aid proves to be enough. Psamtik builds an army around a core of Greek mercenaries, and in 631 BC marches against the forces of King Adonijah IV. Adonijah IV is defeated outside Memphis, and flees to the south to worn Kushite Pharoah Senkamanisken of the revolt in Thebes. Psamtik is left in control of Upper Egypt (the Delta Region), where he declares
himself Pharaoh, beginning the 26th Dynasty. For the next nine years, there will be
warfare between Lower Egypt (under Senkamanisken) and Upper Egypt (under Psamtik).
631-609 B.C.: a long reign, Pharaoh Psamtik I establishes the pattern of kingship
which will prevail in the new 26th dynasty. The attitude of the Saite Pharaohs towards
the kingship will be radically different from the Egyptian tradition. The lifestyle of the
pharaohs of Sais will be much less ostentatious, to the point of being considered frugal by contemporary writers. Psamtik although not one himself encourages the religion of Aten (Unlike OTL, The Atenism was embraced, but still an minority compared with the main Egyptian Pantheon). Psamtik will strengthen royal power over the provincial warlords and thepriesthood by abrogating feudal and clerical immunities and privileges. Psamtik will also encourage Greek settlement within Egypt. Psamtik will make extensive use of Greek mercenaries in the army, and Psamtik will build a cities, the greatest of which is called Naukratis, where Greek scholars and merchants will be settled, and endow these Greek communities with land and rights. Psamtik will also cultivate friendly relations with Meluhha, by whose aid he was able to overthrow the Philistine/Kushite tyranny over Egypt.
c.a. 630 B.C.: Birth of Zarathustra (Zoroaster). Over his lifetime, Zarathustra will found a
new religion, which will become known as Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism is a dualistic
religion; in Zarathustra's cosmos, the universe is under the control of two contrary gods,
Ahura-Mazda, the creating god who is full of light and good, and Ahriman, the god of
dark and evil. These two evenly matched gods are in an epic struggle over creation; at the
end of time, Ahura-Mazda and his forces will emerge victorious. All of creation, all gods,
all religions, and all of human history and experience can be understood as part of this
struggle between light and dark, good and evil. Zoroastrianism, however, is a manifestly
eschatological religion; meaning and value in this world is oriented towards the end of
history and the final defeat of Ahriman and all those gods, humans, and other animate
forces arrayed on the dark side of creation. This will eventually have profound
consequences as Zoroastrianism gradually becomes the primary religion of the Persians
and their kings of the Achaemenid line. Since Zoroastrianism recognizes that all the gods
worshipped by other peoples are really gods...some as underlings of Ahura-Mazda and
some servants of Ahriman...the Persian kings will come to see as their mission the tearing
down of religions for evil gods and the shoring up of religions of gods allied with
Ahura-Mazda.
630 B.C.:The kings of Anshan transfer their allegiance to Cyaxares and become vassals of the Medes. The Persians join in the war against Elam, which begins to go badly for the
latter kingdom. Also in this year, Greek settlers from Thera found the city of Cyrene, on the northern coast of Libya
628 B.C.: Satavahana Ikncuvus II ‘’The Holy’‘ dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Lareen IV.
626 B.C.: Revolution in Babylonia. The Chaldean chieftain Nabu-apal-usur
(Nabopolassar) overthrows the Elamite vassal king King Nabu-Nasir II, rebels against
Elam and allies himself with Cyaxares of the Medes. The forces of Elamite King
Khumma Khaldash III attempt to put down the rebellion, but are defeated outside
Babylon, and the Elamite king is killed. His son takes the throne as King Shutruk
Nahhunte III. He will be the last King of Elam.
622 B.C.: The reunification of Egypt. Psamtik I of the Saite 26th Dynasty, ruler of Upper
Egypt, captures Thebes, capital of Lower Egypt and seat of the Kushite 25th Dynasty.
Lower Egypt’s Pharaoh, Senkamanisken, is killed, and his successor, Anlamani, is forcedto flee to the Kushite capital of Napata. Psamtik begins wearing the Double Crown of
Egypt, symbolizing the reunification of the country under his rule. Anlamani rules as
King of Kush only.
621 B.C.: King Adonijah IV of Philistia dies he is succeeded by his nephew who takes to the throne as Tjerker I. Also in this year, Draco establishes the first Athenian code
of law. The code is extremely harsh (Draco's name will become synonymous with
harsh...or DRACONIAN...measures in future times).
616 and onward B.C.: The Etruscans conquer the small Latin town of Rome in Italy. Tarquinius I Priscus becomes King of Rome. Although sevreal revolts shall occur , Rome will never become the Influential State it became as in OTL.
610 B.C.: Also in this year, Miletus founds a trading post in Egypt.
609 B.C.: Death of Pharaoh Psamtik I of Egypt. He is succeeded by his son, who reigns as Pharaoh Necho II (reckoning from Psamtik’s father, Necho, who was a Prince of Sais
under domination by the Philistine 25th Dynasty).
605 B.C.: Death of King Josiah of the Hebrews. He is succeeded by his eldest son,
Eliakim.
605-601 B.C.: King Tjerker I of Philistia invades and conquers the island of Cyprus.
605-600 B.C.: Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt has renewed Egypt’s ties to the Philistine
trading cities, especially Tyre and Sidon. King Eliakim of the landlocked Hebrews, wants to reclaim the glorious kingdom of David and Solomon. Hearing of Pharaoh Necho II expedition plans joins an alliance with Necho In 605 BC, he hires Philistine shipwrights to build a fleet for the exploration of the African coast. The Egyptian exploration fleet is built at an Egyptian port on the Red Sea, and in 603 BC, it sets sail. The fleet, manned bya mixed force of Egyptian soldiers and Phoenician sailors. Meanwhile the Hebrew fleet will be led be renown Hebrew explorer Laman and will tag along behind the Egyptians. The two fleets sail south along the African coast. Each autumn they come ashore and plant the land in whatever part of the coast
they have reached, and there await the harvest; then, having gathered the crop, they sail
on. And so, in this manner, they circumnavigate the African continent. In 600 BC they
pass through the Pillars of Heracles (the Straits of Gibraltar) and return to Egypt and The United Hebrew Kingdom. Although no further expeditions are sent out by Egypt. King Eliakim will fiance many more ships and expeditions in hope of colonizing the west coast of Africa.
c.a. 601 B.C.: Satavahana Lareen IV dies of an Heart Attack, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Arthroi V. Also in this year , Death of King Kurush (Cyrus) I of the Persians. He is succeeded by Kambujiya (Greek-Cambyses) I. Also in this year, Rome conquers the city of Alba Longa, and Carthage fails to prevent the establishment of the Phocaean Greek colony at Massilia (Marseilles).
600 B.C.: Satavahana Arthroi V is Assassinated by his wife Qyune, he has left behind no heir’s. The throne travels to the city of Gujimbay on the Black Sea, His cousin reluctantly takes to the throne as Sunai I effectively ending The Third(Daimabic) Dynasty of Meluhha and The Begriming of the Fourth(Gujimbidic) Dynasty of Meluhha.
*****
The world at 650 B.C.
Meluhha
Axum
Elam
The Medes
The Hebrew Kingdom
Philistia
Cimmeria
Lydia
Kush
Macedonia
Here is the fourth Installment everyone....I hope you all will enjoy it.
*******
SECOND MELUHHA EMPIRE: PART FOUR
699 B.C.: Death of King Shuttruk Nahhunte II of Elam. He is succeeded by Khallushu. Also in this year, The Cimmerians invade Urartu again and once again, devastate the kingdom. But they are unable to take the fortified cities, and the kingdom survives, for the time being. Seeing what is happening in the neighboring kingdom, Satavahana Dacri V of Meluhha, orders a reorganization of the Meluhhain army. The chariot force is disbanded and converted to cavalry (each chariot demobilized allows two cavalrymen to be added to the army). Also at this time, King Goliach II of Philistia conquers and receives, tribute from the Phoenician city-states on the Lebanese coast. King Goliach II shall take the throne in Tyre, becoming the first Philistine king to do so. From this day forward, all of Phoenicia shall be stripped of all it powerful leaders and become officially annexed to the Philistine Empire.
697 B.C.:Also in this year, the Cimmerians invade Philistia, but are defeated by the more organized and powerful Philistine army, which has a much larger preponderance of cavalry and is much more mobile. King Goliach II then bribes the Cimmerians and gives them free passage over his lands to attack the Phrygian Kingdom, which has been a constant thorn in the side of Philistia, since King Mita III ascended the throne almost 40 years ago.
695 B.C.: The Cimmerians sack the kingdom of Phrygia and settle there. King Mita
(Midas) III commits suicide in his capital at Gordium when the city falls to the
Cimmerians. He is succeeded by Gordios IV, who reigns as a weak vassal of the
Cimmerians. Also in this year, King Gyges of Lydia, who has reigned as the vassal of King Mita III of Phrygia since 718 BC, establishes the independence of Lydia at the death of King Mita. The new king of Phrygia, Gordios IV, is unable to restore Phrygian rule in the area. Gyges of Lydia will war with the Cimmerians throughout his reign.
695-694 B.C.:War between Elam and Babylonia. King Marduk-apal-iddina II of Babylon is defeated and killed, and Elam conquers Babylonia. King Khallushu of Elam installs the first of a series of vassal kings on the Babylonian throne, who takes the throne as Nergal-Ushezib.
694-693 B.C.: King Goliach II of Philistia/Tyre invades the United Hebrew Kingdom and lays siege to Jerusalem. King Hezekiah calls on his ally, Satavahana Dacri V, and with the new revamped Meluhha Army, together the allies once again defeat the invading Philistine forces. Goliach II retreats back to the Gaza Strip, and the Hebrews are left in peace for a while.
693 B.C.: Death of King Khallushu of Elam. He is succeeded by King Kutir Nakhkhunte. Also in this year, the vassal king of the Elamites in Babylon, Nergal-Ushezib, attempts a rebellion but is defeated. The Elamites formally annex Babylonia into the Elamite Empire. The Elamites install Mushezib-Marduk I as their vassal king at Babylon. Mushezib-Marduk I will prove a loyal vassal for the Elamite kings, and will enjoy a long reign.
692 B.C.: Death of King Kutir Nakhkhunte of Elam. He is succeeded by Khumma
Menanu.
690 B.C.: King Goliach II of Philistia dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Sheklesh II. Also in this year, the Cimmerian chieftain Dugdamme deposes and murders King Gordios IV of Phrygia, ending the Phrygian dynasty. Dugdamme declares himself King and the land is renamed Cimmeria. Under Dugdamme’s rule, the Cimmerians will continue to raid the neighboring kingdom of Lydia, with various degrees of success.
689 B.C.
eath of King Khumma Menanu of Elam. He is succeeded by KhummaKhaldash I.
688 B.C.: Death of Pharaoh Sabataka of Lower Egypt/Kush. He is succeeded by his nephew, Taharka. Taharka will prove a very aggressive ruler and will attempt to establish Kushite control over Upper Egypt and Palestine.
687 B.C.: War between Elam and Urartu over the disputed border between the two
Empires. Urartu will not survive.
686 B.C.
eath of King Hezekiah of the Hebrews. He is succeeded by his son, who takes the throne as King Manasseh. Manasseh was very impressed by the “divine protection†his father, a loyal follower of the Hebrew national god, Yahweh, seemed to enjoy, and in contrast to OTL, will go down in history as an extremely pious ruler. 685 B.C.
eath of King Argishtis II of Urartu. He is succeeded by Rusas II. Rusas II will be the last king of Urartu. 685-679 B.C.: War between Philistia and Meluhha. King Sheklesh II of Philistia invades the United Hebrew Kingdom in 685 BC. King Manasseh once again invokes the alliance with Meluhha, and Satavahana Dacri V leads a Meluhhain army westward in 684 BC, defeating the Philistines near the town of Hazor and forcing them to retreat back to Philistia. Sheklesh II however, doesn’t give up. He intrigues with the Kings of the Independent nation of Sheba and The Mesopatamian Vassal cities (who aretributary to the Hebrews), and in 682 BC rebellions break out in those regions. King Sheklesh lands troops to support the Mesopotamian cities while leading the main Philistine forces into Palestine yet again. The strategy is temporarily successful, and because the Meluhhains are busy putting down the forces coming in from Sheba ,
Jerusalem is captured in 681 BC, and Sheklesh II establishes control over most of
Palestine. King Manasseh escapes to the fortress city of Lachish, where he withstands a
siege. In 679 BC, however, Satavahana Dacri V leads the main Meluhhain army westward once again, and once again, the Philistines are defeated. Sheklesh II retreats once again, and this time is pursued by the Meluhhain army, who once again defeat the Philistines at Pelusium. Sheklesh II then sues for peace, and a treaty is agreed upon, ending the war. King Manasseh is restored to his throne.
681 B.C.: Death of King Khumma Khaldash I of Elam, he is succeeded by Khumma
Khaldash II.
676 B.C.: King Khumma Khaldash II of Elam is assassinated and the throne is usurped by
Shilhak-In-Shushinak, a general in the Elamite army.
675 B.C.: Death of King Deioces of the Medes. He is succeeded by Phraortes, who in
alliance with Elam, will destroy Urartu. Also in this year, King Sheklesh II of Philistia
leads his army into Palestine once again. This time it is just a raid, however...the
Philstines sack a few towns and then take their booty back to Philistia before any outside
forces can intervene.
c.a. 675 B.C.: The Persians, a group of Indo-European tribes related to the Medes, move into the Elamite region known as Anshan. Their chieftain, Hakhamanish (Achaemenes to the Greeks) is recognized as King of Anshan by King Shilhak-In-Shushinak of Elam, and
becomes vassal of the Elamite King.
673 B.C.: King Shilhak-In-Shushinak of Elam, who is at war with Urartu, makes an
alliance with King Phraortes of the Medes against Urartu. The tide of war turns
decisively against Urartu. Urartu, which has never really recovered from the devastation
wrought by the Cimmerians 30 years ago, is utterly defeated within three years. The
fortified towns of Urartu are taken and sacked, and the people either killed or enslaved.
1.
670 B.C.: Tushpa, the capital city of Urartu, falls. In the fighting King Rusas II is killed,
ending the Urartian dynasty. Urartu disappears from the map, and is divided between the
Elamites (who take the old Assyrian lands conquered by Urartu in the last century) and
the Medes (who take the Urartian homeland itself).
c.a. 670 B.C.: Miletus (Greek city on the Aegean Coast of Asia Minor) begins founding
colonies both in the Black Sea and in the Mediterranean Sea.
668 B.C.: Satavahana Dacri V dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes the throne as Ikncuvus II, and unlike the first ruler by that name, Ikncuvus will become an very popular ruler in the people of Meluhha eyes. He will become extremely Pious and will spend most of his reign converting the ‘’Heathen’‘ tribes surrounding the border of Meluhha.
665-660 & 641-637 B.C.: Over years, Philistia has had much contact with the Greeks,
especially through the trading settlement founded by the Greeks at Al-Mina in Syria.
These contacts have increased dramatically recently as the King’s of Lydia have come into direct contact with the Greek cities of Ionia. One major impact of this is the increasing
availability of Greek mercenaries to the Multiple kingdoms of the Mid East. Up to now these have been hired directly, to serve as a small, but important portion of the Meluhha infantry. But in 665 BC, the new Satavahana Ikncuvus II decides to re-organize, re-train, and re-equip the Meluhhain infantry on the Greek model. Greek mercenary officers and Greek armorers are hired, and the reorganization will be completed within five years. The new army thus created is the most powerful in the east. The infantry phalanx is supported by a force of armored foot archers, as well as by light cavalry archers and armored cavalry armed with lance and bow. It is a highly flexible, disciplined and dangerous force.
663 B.C.: King Mushezib-Marduk I of Babylon dies. King Shilhak-In-Shushinak of Elam
allows his son, Mushezib-Marduk II, to assume the throne as Elam’s vassal ruler.
660 B.C.: Pharaoh Taharka of Lower Egypt/Kush dies, and is succeeded by Tamwetamani. Tamwetamani will be a weak king, and the neighbors of Egypt will enjoy a period of relative peace during his reign.
c.a. 660 B.C.: Scythian invasions of Anatolia, Iran, and Mesopotamia. The Scythians
are beaten back by the Elamites in Mesopotamia and the Lydites/Cimmerians in Anatolia, but they temporarily bring the Medes under their control, and greatly weaken the Kingdom of Elam.
c.a. 660 B.C.: King Gyges of Lydia introduces the world's first standardized money, in the form of electrum coins, stamped with the king's seal. The idea will eventually spread
throughout the world, and replace barter economies with money economies.
659 B.C.: Death of King Dugdamme of Cimmeria. He is succeeded by his son, who rules
as King Dugdamme.
657 B.C.: Megara founds Byzantium.
655-650 B.C.: The Sabean War: For the past three centuries, The former dominant Trade Kingdom in the East, Sheba, has been in a steady decline. It has been a thorn in The Kingdom of Meluhha side since 685B.C.when the tyrannical King Za Sebado II took to the throne, Although Attacks on Meluhha trade ships have been very frequent the past thirty years it has become more an threat after, Sabean naval ships began capturing sailors of the Meluhha fleet. Satavahana Ikncuvus II vows to get rid of the kingdom once and for all. Ikncuvus II allies himself with King Enzanas of Axum, who has also had simmalar affairs with Sheba declares war. The new Meluhhain Phalanx coming from the east and the swift Axumite fleet coming from the west entraps the kingdom of Sheba. By 653 B.C. The Meluhhain/Axumite forces have successfully rerouted the spice trail an Important lifeline to the Kingdom of Sheba and causes it to go in an deep state of Depression. By 650 B.C. King Enzanas forces successfully closes of the Major Irrigation Systems and Breached the splendorous Damn in Sheba. In a matter of Months, the coalition captures the Capital city of Marib, The temple of Mahram Bilqis Is ransacked and desecrated. King Za Sebado and his family manage to escape the burning of his palace only to be exactitude a few day afterwards, with the throne eliminated the kingdom of Sheba is no more. Meluhha and Axum split up the Kingdom like ways. Meluhha receives the lands of OTL Thamud and eastwards while Axum gets everything west of the boundary city.
654 B.C.: Carthage, a colony of the Phoenician city of Tyre located in OTL Tunisia on the North African coast, founds a colony in the Balearic Islands at Ibiza.
653 B.C.: Death of King Shilhak-In-Shushinak of Elam. He is succeeded by
Khumbanigash II. Also in this year, Pharaoh Tamwetamani of Lower Egypt/Kush dies. He is succeeded by Atlanersa. Atlanersa, like his father, will be a weak ruler, and will not engage in aggression against his neighbors. Also in this year, King Phraortes of the
Medes dies, and is succeeded by Cyaxares.
652 B.C.: King Gyges of Lydia is killed in battle with the Cimmerians. His capital at
Sardis is sacked, but the crown prince, Ardys, escapes, and the Lydians are able to
recover within a few years.
651 B.C.: Death of King Khumbanigash II of Elam. He is succeeded by Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak.
650 B.C.: King Sheklesh II of Philistia dies, he is succeeded by his son who will take to the throne as Adonijah IV.Also in this year, Perdiccas Temenid founds the Macedonian kingdom with capital at Aegeae (Vergina).
649 B.C.: Rebellion of Babylonia against Elam. The revolt is crushed.ª Also in this year,
King Cyaxares of the Medes re-establishes Median independence from the Scythians.
649-642 B.C.: King Dugdamme II of Cimmeria, thinking that the new king of Philistia might be easy pickings, attacks Philistia. King Adonijah IV proves to be more than Dugdamme bargained for, and the Cimmerians are severely defeated. Adonijah IV then allies himself with King Ardys of Lydia and launches a series of yearly campaigns into Cimmeria, aimed at the destruction of that kingdom and the final elimination of the Cimmerian threat once and for all. The Philistines capture the Cimmerian capital at Gordium in 642 BC, and King Dugdamme is slain. King Adonijah IV occupies all of the former lands of Phrygia shortly thereafter. The Cimmerians cease to be a threat, and will eventually be absorbed into the population of Anatolia under Philistine rule. King Ardys of Lydia is not happy at not gaining much of anything from the war, but is unable to do anything about it.
648 B.C.: Death of King Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak of Elam. He is succeeded by
Indabigash.
647 B.C.: Death of King Indabigash of Elam. He is succeeded by Khumma Khaldash III.
643-620 B.C.: War between Elam and the Medes. The Medes, under King Cyaxares, will
totally defeat and conquer Elam over a period of 23 years, aided by rebellions by the
Kings of Anshan and Babylon which force the Elamites to fight a war on three fronts.
643 B.C.: Death of Pharaoh Atlanersa of Lower Egypt/Kush. He is succeeded by
Senkamanisken. Senkamanisken will begin to interfere in Palestine in Syria,
financing rebellious Phoenician and Sabean Aristocracy(these revolts will be crushed, but will cause much inconvenience to the Rulers of the Philistine, Axumite and Meluhhain Kingdoms) These activities will eventually lead the Satavahana of Meluhha to reply in kind, with dramatic consequences.
642 B.C.: Death of King Manasseh of the Hebrews. He is succeeded by his son, Amon.
Unlike his father, Amon is not a faithful follower of Yahweh, and he quickly stirs up
resentment against himself.
640 B.C.: King Amon of the Hebrews is assassinated. He is succeeded by his son, Josiah.
Josiah will prove a pious and popular King. Also in this year, King Hakhamanish of the
Persians dies, and is succeeded by his son, Kurush (Greek--Cyrus) I. Also in this year, Sparta adopts a militaristic form of government.
638-637 B.C.: Death of King Mushezib-Marduk II of Babylon. He is succeeded by his son,
Nabu-Nasir II, who also reigns as the vassal of the kings of Elam. Also in this year, King
Adonijah IV invades Lydia. King Ardys is defeated in battle, and is besieged in
his capital at Sardis. Ardys, recognizing that he cannot prevail against the might of Philistia, offers to submit to the Great King, and the offer is accepted. Lydia will be stripped of all it’s Higher positioned officials and any surviving family members of King Ardys are killed off. By 637 B.C. The Kingdom of Lydia is formally annexed by the Philistine Empire.
635-625 B.C.: In a series of campaigns which span a decade, King Adonijah IV of Philistia reduces the Greek cities of Ionia to vassalage. Like Lydia, there are stripped of any High Positioned officals and are formaly annexed by the Philistia Empire by 625 B.C.
632 B.C.: Athens abolishes the monarchy in favor of an oligarchy.
631-622 B.C.: Revolution in Egypt. For the past century, Egypt has chafed under the rule
of the foreign kings of Kush and Philistia (Both of who are reigning in Egypt as the 25th Dynasty). The city of Sais has as it’s nomarch a man named Psamtik, who is descended from the last Pharaoh of the Saite 24th Dynasty. He has been for some time, intriguing with Satavahana Ikncuvus of Meluhha, seeking support for a rebellion against the Philistine rulers of Egypt. Psamtik has gained financial support for his efforts, but no promise of troops or other direct aid. However, the financial aid proves to be enough. Psamtik builds an army around a core of Greek mercenaries, and in 631 BC marches against the forces of King Adonijah IV. Adonijah IV is defeated outside Memphis, and flees to the south to worn Kushite Pharoah Senkamanisken of the revolt in Thebes. Psamtik is left in control of Upper Egypt (the Delta Region), where he declares
himself Pharaoh, beginning the 26th Dynasty. For the next nine years, there will be
warfare between Lower Egypt (under Senkamanisken) and Upper Egypt (under Psamtik).
631-609 B.C.: a long reign, Pharaoh Psamtik I establishes the pattern of kingship
which will prevail in the new 26th dynasty. The attitude of the Saite Pharaohs towards
the kingship will be radically different from the Egyptian tradition. The lifestyle of the
pharaohs of Sais will be much less ostentatious, to the point of being considered frugal by contemporary writers. Psamtik although not one himself encourages the religion of Aten (Unlike OTL, The Atenism was embraced, but still an minority compared with the main Egyptian Pantheon). Psamtik will strengthen royal power over the provincial warlords and thepriesthood by abrogating feudal and clerical immunities and privileges. Psamtik will also encourage Greek settlement within Egypt. Psamtik will make extensive use of Greek mercenaries in the army, and Psamtik will build a cities, the greatest of which is called Naukratis, where Greek scholars and merchants will be settled, and endow these Greek communities with land and rights. Psamtik will also cultivate friendly relations with Meluhha, by whose aid he was able to overthrow the Philistine/Kushite tyranny over Egypt.
c.a. 630 B.C.: Birth of Zarathustra (Zoroaster). Over his lifetime, Zarathustra will found a
new religion, which will become known as Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism is a dualistic
religion; in Zarathustra's cosmos, the universe is under the control of two contrary gods,
Ahura-Mazda, the creating god who is full of light and good, and Ahriman, the god of
dark and evil. These two evenly matched gods are in an epic struggle over creation; at the
end of time, Ahura-Mazda and his forces will emerge victorious. All of creation, all gods,
all religions, and all of human history and experience can be understood as part of this
struggle between light and dark, good and evil. Zoroastrianism, however, is a manifestly
eschatological religion; meaning and value in this world is oriented towards the end of
history and the final defeat of Ahriman and all those gods, humans, and other animate
forces arrayed on the dark side of creation. This will eventually have profound
consequences as Zoroastrianism gradually becomes the primary religion of the Persians
and their kings of the Achaemenid line. Since Zoroastrianism recognizes that all the gods
worshipped by other peoples are really gods...some as underlings of Ahura-Mazda and
some servants of Ahriman...the Persian kings will come to see as their mission the tearing
down of religions for evil gods and the shoring up of religions of gods allied with
Ahura-Mazda.
630 B.C.:The kings of Anshan transfer their allegiance to Cyaxares and become vassals of the Medes. The Persians join in the war against Elam, which begins to go badly for the
latter kingdom. Also in this year, Greek settlers from Thera found the city of Cyrene, on the northern coast of Libya
628 B.C.: Satavahana Ikncuvus II ‘’The Holy’‘ dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Lareen IV.
626 B.C.: Revolution in Babylonia. The Chaldean chieftain Nabu-apal-usur
(Nabopolassar) overthrows the Elamite vassal king King Nabu-Nasir II, rebels against
Elam and allies himself with Cyaxares of the Medes. The forces of Elamite King
Khumma Khaldash III attempt to put down the rebellion, but are defeated outside
Babylon, and the Elamite king is killed. His son takes the throne as King Shutruk
Nahhunte III. He will be the last King of Elam.
622 B.C.: The reunification of Egypt. Psamtik I of the Saite 26th Dynasty, ruler of Upper
Egypt, captures Thebes, capital of Lower Egypt and seat of the Kushite 25th Dynasty.
Lower Egypt’s Pharaoh, Senkamanisken, is killed, and his successor, Anlamani, is forcedto flee to the Kushite capital of Napata. Psamtik begins wearing the Double Crown of
Egypt, symbolizing the reunification of the country under his rule. Anlamani rules as
King of Kush only.
621 B.C.: King Adonijah IV of Philistia dies he is succeeded by his nephew who takes to the throne as Tjerker I. Also in this year, Draco establishes the first Athenian code
of law. The code is extremely harsh (Draco's name will become synonymous with
harsh...or DRACONIAN...measures in future times).
616 and onward B.C.: The Etruscans conquer the small Latin town of Rome in Italy. Tarquinius I Priscus becomes King of Rome. Although sevreal revolts shall occur , Rome will never become the Influential State it became as in OTL.
610 B.C.: Also in this year, Miletus founds a trading post in Egypt.
609 B.C.: Death of Pharaoh Psamtik I of Egypt. He is succeeded by his son, who reigns as Pharaoh Necho II (reckoning from Psamtik’s father, Necho, who was a Prince of Sais
under domination by the Philistine 25th Dynasty).
605 B.C.: Death of King Josiah of the Hebrews. He is succeeded by his eldest son,
Eliakim.
605-601 B.C.: King Tjerker I of Philistia invades and conquers the island of Cyprus.
605-600 B.C.: Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt has renewed Egypt’s ties to the Philistine
trading cities, especially Tyre and Sidon. King Eliakim of the landlocked Hebrews, wants to reclaim the glorious kingdom of David and Solomon. Hearing of Pharaoh Necho II expedition plans joins an alliance with Necho In 605 BC, he hires Philistine shipwrights to build a fleet for the exploration of the African coast. The Egyptian exploration fleet is built at an Egyptian port on the Red Sea, and in 603 BC, it sets sail. The fleet, manned bya mixed force of Egyptian soldiers and Phoenician sailors. Meanwhile the Hebrew fleet will be led be renown Hebrew explorer Laman and will tag along behind the Egyptians. The two fleets sail south along the African coast. Each autumn they come ashore and plant the land in whatever part of the coast
they have reached, and there await the harvest; then, having gathered the crop, they sail
on. And so, in this manner, they circumnavigate the African continent. In 600 BC they
pass through the Pillars of Heracles (the Straits of Gibraltar) and return to Egypt and The United Hebrew Kingdom. Although no further expeditions are sent out by Egypt. King Eliakim will fiance many more ships and expeditions in hope of colonizing the west coast of Africa.
c.a. 601 B.C.: Satavahana Lareen IV dies of an Heart Attack, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Arthroi V. Also in this year , Death of King Kurush (Cyrus) I of the Persians. He is succeeded by Kambujiya (Greek-Cambyses) I. Also in this year, Rome conquers the city of Alba Longa, and Carthage fails to prevent the establishment of the Phocaean Greek colony at Massilia (Marseilles).
600 B.C.: Satavahana Arthroi V is Assassinated by his wife Qyune, he has left behind no heir’s. The throne travels to the city of Gujimbay on the Black Sea, His cousin reluctantly takes to the throne as Sunai I effectively ending The Third(Daimabic) Dynasty of Meluhha and The Begriming of the Fourth(Gujimbidic) Dynasty of Meluhha.
*****
The world at 650 B.C.
Meluhha
Axum
Elam
The Medes
The Hebrew Kingdom
Philistia
Cimmeria
Lydia
Kush
Macedonia