Let's assume the same POD as my previous post about the Trastamaras retaining Spain. Infante Juan, Prince of Asturias, survives to adulthood and has children of his own, Charles V never inherits his massive empire, Spain keeps the New World gold and silver and uses it to fund a conquest of North Africa, Spanish soldiers are thus busy occupying Tunis and Algiers and Oran and are not available to fight Protestant princes. Phillip is raised in Brabant or Antwerp or something instead of Toledo.
Sidenote, what are the effects on England? Can Charles V still sack Rome and coerce the Pope into denying Henry VIII an annulment?
To start from the end,
Charles did not ask Rome: it was done by the Spanish, Italian and German troops which did not receive salary, rebelled and forced their commander to led them on Rome. Charles just managed to use situation to his political advantage. In OTL the imperial army included 14,000 Landsknehts, 6,000 Spaniards and unknown number of the Italians. Even without the Spaniards, the attackers would have a significant numeric advantage over approximately 5,000 defenders of a dubious quality.
Would this happen without the Spanish contingents? The answer depends upon the ability of just German contingents led by Frundsberg to defeat the Papal forces during the War of the League of Cognac. Probably it make sense to start with much earlier campaigns of the Italuan Wars, for example campaign of 1525 and battle of Pavia. De Lannoy was from the Netherlands by de Leyva (defender of Padua) was a Spaniard. It is not quite clear how many Spanish troops Lannoy had under his command but it seems that the critical role had been played by
15,000 landsknechts led by Frundsberg. Would they be able to win without the Spaniards? If not, then the later events would be strongly impacted by a different outcome of this battle, etc.
Or you can try to figure out for how long Charles would be able to fight the war without Spanish financial resourses (the landsknechts cost money). Perhaps the wars would be over before the Sack of Rome.
As for Henry, how would the Sack of Rome (if happens) be relevant within this scenario? His wife is not emperor’s relative so why would Charles care?
As a side note, I really don’t understand why Henry was bothering with all that brouhaha instead of quietly getting rid of a problem? With a medicine being what it was and no autopsy and other unpleasant modern procedures, unfortunate fall from the stairs or indigestion could save a lot of aggravation. Was England that short of the people with the useful skills? Of course, looting the Church properties made the whole exercise worthwhile but when it started Henry did not anticipate a potential of the project.
