Which of these microstates is plausible?

Which of these microstates could plausibly exist to the present day?

First, I want to ask about one which does exist today.

San Marino claims it was an independent country in the days of the Roman Empire. I wonder what the Romans would have thought about that claim?
Is there any justification for the claim? Why wasn't it annexed by Rome?

In the late 19th century, the individual islands of Japan become separate countries. One government is socialist, one a constitutional monarchy, one a republic, one a military dictatorship. Perhaps the Emperor of Japan only rules over an independent city-state of Tokyo. Okinawa and Ryukyu Islands also become parliamentary democracies.

In exchange for recognition and support, Lenin (or somebody else in charge of the Revolution) agrees to have just one city on the Baltic, and he decides not to try to spread the revolution to other countries (for a few years at least).

The Founding Fathers couldn't persuade all the states to ratify the Constitution, so Delaware is the only state in the United State of America.
The other states are either in the Confederation of Albany (New England) or the Republic of Savannah (Dixieland).

Did the Ottomans seem to have some sort of sentimental feelings about Constantinople's long and storied history? It was on the European side of the Straits, so the Ottomans could still control the Asian side. Is there any way any Ottoman would agree to let Constantinople remain "independent" (actually a vassal state, but this might have worthwhile political effects.)

The wealth from a California Gold Rush produces city-states.

The wealth from an Alaska Gold Rush produces city-states all the way from the Aleutians to Seattle...okay just a few moderately large ones along the West coast.

Nineteenth century occultists, explorers, utopian visionaries and exiled princes settle Hawaii, and each of the Hawaiian islands eventually becomes a separate country relying on tourism, off-shore banking, investments and selling trinkets related to a real or imagined past.

The same goes for many of the other Pacific islands.

The last Inca settles on the Falkland Islands and nobody bothers invading.

The last Aztec rulers settle on one of the Caribbean islands and nobody bothers invading.

The last Mayan rulers settle on the Galapagos Islands and nobody bothers invading. They get interested in European science and one of them does what Darwin did in OTL.

The US started Liberia in Africa; they might have tried again with a nearby region called Cabinda, which might have become independent. Then somebody writes about the tiny new country ruled by a benevolent king with a Christian name...the book is called Uncle Tom's Cabinda.
 
San Marino claims it was an independent country in the days of the Roman Empire. I wonder what the Romans would have thought about that claim?
Is there any justification for the claim? Why wasn't it annexed by Rome?

Mainly because it wasn't independent. There was some sort of religious community there from c.300 AD, but San Marino only exists as an independent state because it gained commune status in the middle ages and everybody forgot about when all the other random city-states were annexed in the 18th and 19th centuries. Also, Garibaldi hid out there for a while and promised that they could opt-out of his united Italy in return. For the ridiculous number of countries in the 1700s, see http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antichi_Stati_italiani#Settecento and for more on San Marino, see http://www.jstor.org/stable/1834173

In exchange for recognition and support, Lenin (or somebody else in charge of the Revolution) agrees to have just one city on the Baltic, and he decides not to try to spread the revolution to other countries (for a few years at least).

That probably won't happen, given the whole utopian-struggle-for-a-new-world thing. If Lenin settles for Petrograd, the Whites will immediately besiege him with the full support of the millions of peasants he just sold out and literally all of the Bolsheviks, to whom he's obviously a slave of the Establishment and the Germans.

The Founding Fathers couldn't persuade all the states to ratify the Constitution, so Delaware is the only state in the United State of America.

Lol. Delaware's joining one of those countries, by hook or by crook. Either that or all the Thirteen Colonies become their own thing.

Nineteenth century occultists, explorers, utopian visionaries and exiled princes settle Hawaii, and each of the Hawaiian islands eventually becomes a separate country relying on tourism, off-shore banking, investments and selling trinkets related to a real or imagined past.

Dude. There are already Hawaiians living there, with their own monarchy, their own Parliament and their own standards. They won't just flock to whichever white guy comes to their country and demands to be treated as a God-King. Even Captain Cook wasn't actually seen like that, and that was in the 1700s. There were a load of white guys like http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Young_(Hawaii) who climbed up the ranks by befriending the native chiefs and the King, but everybody basically liked the Kamehamehas too much to follow some adventurer.
EDIT: Also, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulet_Affair_(1843)
The same goes for many of the other Pacific islands.

Pitcairn, maybe. Really, this only works if you've got someone like James Brooke and the local area is so given over to endemic division and organised crime that white guys seem naturally superior.

The US started Liberia in Africa; they might have tried again with a nearby region called Cabinda, which might have become independent. Then somebody writes about the tiny new country ruled by a benevolent king with a Christian name...the book is called Uncle Tom's Cabinda.

Hahaha! Or maybe explorers find a long-lost native Christian ruler there, making it *drumroll* Prester John's Cabinda! Boo-yeah! I'm on fire!
 
I shoulda mentioned the Hawaiians, yes, but the white colonialists were mean, greedy, etc., which *almost* goes without saying.
The Republic of Delaware is a more likely name. But The United State of America seemed good for a LOL.:D
I read that Lenin did offer to give up a lot of claims in exchange for recognition.
I did have my doubts about San Marino.
Thanks for the links.
 
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