A few PODs/Scenarios that I could think for TTL:
- Never-ending Cold War, or at least the passion/ferver between both sides. You can either have the USSR reform to Union of Sovereign States, China being buffed up from the get-go (no socio-economic disasters in the 20th century through earlier opening up/country development [or if needed be, KMT-victory]) - same goes for Japan but that's more of its 80's/90's state (no Lost Decades, continued Economic Bubble) and more standing up to US's competition. More competition means more expectations for advancement in science and technology and therefore, its funding. This especially when it comes to the Space Race, Arms Race and the likes of such back then, which more exploration of such fields may lead to better application of supersonic atmospheric flight, space flight, space/planetary colonies and more that could be gathered from those races. Consequence is that it may lead to flashpoints and armed conflicts, but more tensions means more potentials for advancement, I guess.
- No anti-nuclear power movement, or at least a very weakened one. Whether we like it or not, nuclear would've been a real competition to fossil fuel back then (and even now with cheaper renewables) with its energy density and capabilities. But lack of government interest and public fears (often exaggerated) prevented it from taking off. Except for France, which I expect should be kind of the model for what could be alternative energy composition in TTL. Should it take off, I expect stuff that needs more energy to be taken off better in TTL, with cheaper electricity and that more of its surplus being used somewhere means that it can be used for more scientific/technological research and breakthroughs. This could mean more cleaner and better environment than OTL as well.