Timeline of independent Croatian state that gained independence in 19th century; 1700.–2023.

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Please bear in mind that realism wasn't a goal when creating this timeline. It is imagined as part of different universe which, while being historically similar to our own, has some significant deviations (especially noticable in both world wars).

Criticism, suggestions and comments are strongly encouraged.

 

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---18th Century---

•1700.
-A rebellion led by a man known as Damian of Gradec (Damjan Gradečki) breaks out in Croatian lands of Austrian Empire. Rebels demand greater autonomy of Croatian lands within Habsburg countries and their unification into a single entity; Croatian rebellion starts.

•1705.
-Austrian Emperor Leopold I. dies; Croatian rebellion spreads onto western Slavs (Slovaks and Czechs) and Hungarians who demand greater autonomy for their respective realms, turning it into a larger uprising to which Habsburgs remain incapable of responding effectively due to the ongoing war of Spanish succession. Habsburgs' attempts to crush the rebellion also backfire due to massive revolts in Croatian Military Frontier whose garrisons opt to fight alongside the rebels, turning rebellion into a grueling, protracted war between ethnic Croats, Hungarians, Western Slavs and Austrians.

•1709.
-January 26th: Croatian, west Slavic and Hungarian rebels led by their respective nobles face Habsburg army in the battle of Gradec; Damian of Gradec is killed but rebels manage to inflict heavy casualties on Habsburg forces and ultimately win the battle; Croatian rebellion ends in rebel victory.

-July 28th: Croatian-Hungarian Patent (Horvatsko-Ugarska Povelja) is signed between the leaders of Croatian rebels, Bartol Horvat and Karoly Erdezy and Habsburg Emperor Joseph I.; Croatia and Hungary become constituent kingdoms within newly-established Habsburg Confederacy tied to Austria only by shared military, foreign policy and ruler. However, Croatian Dalmatia remains under Austrian and Italian control while Central Croatia and Slavonia are united into a single political entity (Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia). Patent is protested by Slovaks and Czechs who were forced back under direct Austrian control and won't become fully independent from Austria until collapse of Hababurg Monarchy in 1918, resulting in enduring animosity between Czechs, Slovaks and Croats; This arrangement, although constantly challenged by both Austrians and Croats, will endure until the collapse of Holy Roman Empire in 1806. During this period, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia will make full use of its relative autonomy in order to rapidly modernize and keep its economy and infrastructure in line with the rest of the empire. However, more cohesive reforms won't occur until early 19th century due to conservative, anti-reformist policy held up by Croatian noble magnates who wished to hold up their personal power, although it was significantly lessened following 1781 abolition of serfdom in Holy Roman Empire.

---19th Century---

•1806.
-Holy Roman Empire is conquered by Napoleon Bonaparte and ceases to exist; Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia is reorganized into French satellite known as Illyria which will exist until the end of Napoleonic Wars in 1815; Under French occupation, Croatia is modernized further and national desire for independent Croatian kingdom that first appeared in 18th century is strengthened as idea of Croatian kingdom is equalized with the idea of independent Croatian state.

•1815.
-Following Napoleon's final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia is reinstated within the framework of renewed Habsburg Austria (Austrian Empire) as per conclusion of the Congress of Vienna. It had the same political framework as it did after 1709.

•1816.
-Following the doctorine of Klemens Von Matternich, Austrian Emperor Francis II. reappeals Croatian-Hungarian patent of 1709 in an attempt to force Croatia and Hungary back under Austrian direct control. Refusing to let that happen, Croats and Hungarians led by their respective nobles form a joint military coalition and face Austrians in war; Southern War of 1816 (Južni Rat 1816.), often called Homeguard War (Domobranski Rat) in Croatian historiography, starts.

-Homeguards (Domobrani) are founded by Croatian Viceroy Ignac Gyulay (Ignjat Đulaj) (1763–1831) to protect Croatian lands during Southern War; First regular, professional standing army in Croatian history; Gyulay, who was Romanian-born Hungarian noble by birth and an high-ranking officer in Austrian Royal Army, defects to Croatia and becomes one of the founders of Croatian Royal Army as well as last person to hold the office of Viceroy of Croatia before the position was abolished in 1820; Ilica, one of the largest streets in Zagreb was renamed to Gyulay Avenue (Đulajeva Avenija) in his honor in 1924 and he was depicted on 50 HRB banknote between 1947 and 1993. In addition to that, Order of Ignac Gyulay with a wreath (Odren Ignjata Đulaja sa viencem) established in 1930 is a highest-ranked honor that Croatian government can bestow upon foreigners recognized for their efforts in assisting Kingdom of Croatia during the time of war or promoting Croatia and its culture in peace-time.

•1818.
-August: Southern War ends in coalition's decisive victory following the seige of Vienna, helped by Austrian weakness in the immediate aftermath of Napoleonic Wars and coalition's successful destruction of joint Russian and Spanish military reinforcements during the Battle of Buda in 1817; In the Treaty of Prague (Praški Sporazum) signed by Count Miklos Dolaszdy, Count Tomislav Vranac and Francis II. of Austria, Croatia and Hungary officially break their ties to Austria and house of Habsburg (Austrian Emperor is forced to renounce the titles of King of Hungary and King of Croatia) and become independent entity for the first time since 1526 with Croatia also successfully demanding all Austrian territory in Dalmatia and the city of Ragusa (Dubrovnik), threatening with amputation of Slovenian lands from Austrian territory unless their demands are met with this prompting British diplomats to get involved. Intent on maintaining Austrian Empire but aware of the threat Croats and Hungarians, who won the Southern War and significantly weakened Austrian army in the process, will represent for the empire's stability and by extension, peace in post-Napoleonic Europe unless their demands are satisfied, they pressure Austrian emperor and his cabinet to grant full independence to Croatia and Hungary within the borders they had before January 1st, 1527 with addition of Dalmatian coast and Ragusa which will be incorporated into Croatia while also conditioning Croats and Hungarians not to advance onto Slovenia as it was the only remaining Austrian port to the Adriatic Sea; Croatian-Hungarian Kingdom is reformed; This event is sometimes known as "Ausweidung" (Evisceration) in ultranationalistic Austrian circles and is the root of cold relations between Austria and Croatia which continue to this day.

•1819.
-January 4th: Following the series of border disputes and years of secret negotiations which started concurrently with Southern War of 1816, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia-Dalmatia and Kingdom of Hungary sign a Decree Of Peaceful Separation (Proglas Mirnog Razlaza); Croatian-Hungarian Kingdom formally ceases to exist and separates into Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Hungary; Independent Kingdom of Croatia is reformed for the first time since 1102 but without the major part of its northeastern territory of Baranya (Međimurje) which Hungarians demanded in exchange for Croatian freedom and which remains split between Kingdom of Croatia and Republic of Hungary to this day. After signing of decree, Croatian and Hungarian states will remain allies, becoming recognized as traditional allies and partners on the global stage by the early 21st century; January 4th is celebrated as independence day in both Croatia and Hungary and two countries frequently organize joint celebratory events.

-March 29th: Count Tomislav Vranac is elected and crowned as the king of Croatia, becoming King Tomislav II. He was the first local noble crowned as king of Croatia since 1097 and progenitor of Vranac dynasty which will rule Croatia until 1861.

 

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•1820.
-Croatian Banovac (Horvatski Banovac, HRB), first modern currency in Croatian history, is introduced. It will remain in use until being replaced with Euro in 2002.

-Serfdom is officially abolished in Kingdom of Croatia by King's Decree of 1820 (Kraljev Proglas 1820.); It supplanted the earlier version of the same law decreed by Austrian emperor Franz Joseph II. in 1781 and was meant to prevent Croatian noble magnates from using the chaos of reorganizing Croatia into an independent kingdom to revert to feudalism.

-Royal Complex in Varaždin (Varaždinski Kraljevski Kompleks) more commonly refered to as Varaždin Court (Varaždinski Dvor), Official residence of Croatian royal family, begins construction; It will be completed in 1829 and continue to serve its purpose into 21st century.

-In order to centralize Kingdom of Croatia, title of Viceroy of Croatia (Horvatski Ban) is abolished; Holders of viceroyalty are instead admitted into Croatian nobility as Counts (Knez/Kneževi) and nobility starts to lose its traditional privilleges; This move was met with opposition in Croatian high nobility, resulting in long-standing tensions between Varaždin Court, Sabor and nobility that weren't fully resolved until the outbreak of World War 1 when status of nobles in Croatia was finally formalized with Nobility Accords of 1914.

-Codex Croatorum (Croatian Codex/Horvatski Kodeks) is created. It is a first formal constitution of independent Croatia and serves as a basis even for modern Croatian constitution.

-United States of America offers official recognition to Kingdom of Croatia, becoming the first non-European nation to recognize reformed Kingdom of Croatia; First European nations to recognize Kingdom of Croatia were Kingdom of Hungary and United Kingdom in 1819, first Asian country to recognize Kingdom of Croatia was Imperial China in 1825 and first African country to recognize Kingdom of Croatia was Ethiopian Empire in 1826; As of 2023, Kingdom of Croatia is recognized by all members of the United Nations and both non-member observers and maintains diplomatic relations with 190 countries.

•1821.
-Kingdom Of Croatia signs a treaty of co-operation and friendship with Great Britain in order to procure the right to export its surplus goods into British lands and diversify the kingdom's economy, marking the start of their diplomatic ties which will endure into 21st century; Large-scale international trade will remain one of the primary economic branches of the Kingdom of Croatia into 21st century, causing Croats to often be stereotyped as capable but greedy and extremely thrifty merchants akin to Jews in western popular media, praticularly black comedies and stereotype-inspired jokes.

-Homeguard is fully professionalized and renamed into Croatian Royal Armed Forces (Horvatsko Kraljevsko Oružništvo, HKO; Their professionalization was helped by British military instructors. United Kingdom will also be the main weapons supplier for Croatia until 1890s when domestic arms production will almost completely supplant the British export.

-Croatian National Bank (Horvatska/Hrvatska Državna Banka, HDB) is founded in Varaždin as the central monetary institution of the Kingdom of Croatia; Until 2002, it was resposnsible for printing and issuing of Banovac and since 2002, it is responsible for printing of Euro in Kingdom of Croatia.

•1822.
-Royal crypt in Solin is re-established as the main burial ground of Croatian monarchs and a new church (Cathedral of St. Joseph) is built over the crypt enterance. This crypt continues to serve for its purpose even today; Latest Croatian ruler buried in the royal crypt was James I. of Croatia after his death in 2005.

•1823.
-July: Croatian Royal Navy (Horvatska Kraljevska Ratna Mornarica, HKRM) is founded.

•1824.
-Croatian Military Frontier (Vojna Krajina) ceases to exist and its territory becomes a part of the Kingdom of Croatia; Today, forts organized along former frontier territory serve as tourist attractions and historical sites.

•1829.
-A group of intellectuals from Croatia led by Ljudevit Gaj starts to develop a language based on Croatian language used by commoners and for liturgical purposes meant to supplant Latin and start to advocate Glagolic letter as genuine Croatian writting system. They will ultimately develop a prototype of modern Croatian language based on hybrid of three dialects used in the country and Croatian Glagollic Letter used in Croatia today; Glagollic letter will become a mandatory writting system in Kingdom of Croatia in 1832 and in Western Bosnia in 1909.

•1830.
-In order to promote modern Croatian language more effectively, Ljudevit Gaj founds Matica Horvatska, a book publishing company that published the books written in Croatian and translated European literary classics, music and opera in Croatian; As of 2023, Matica Horvatska is one of the largest book publishers and cultural institutions in Kingdom of Croatia and is credited with helping to legitimize modern Croatian language at its infancy.

•1832.
-Despite the resistance from the clergy, Croatian language becomes the official language in the Kingdom of Croatia and modernized Glagollic letter is recognized as one of two official letters in Croatia alongside Latin alphabet; Starting in 1830s, power of the clergy in Kingdom of Croatia was significantly lessened, with this trend reaching its peak in 1872 when Kaptol (today Stari Kaptol) became directly subordinate to Croatian crown and was turned into a district of the City of Zagreb.

•1836.
-May 13th: Tomislav II. dies due to natural causes, aged 68. He is succeded by his 27-year old son Ratko, who takes the throne as king Ratko I. Vranac.

•1848.
-Spring of Nations; Kingdom of Croatia is among the countries gripped by the revolution calling for liberal reforms similar to those present in France, albeit without nationalistic notes; Croats and Hungarians assist each other in quelling the rebellions within each others' territories with Croatian expedition into Hungary being led by Count Josip Jelačić who will become a national hero in both Kingdom of Croatia and in Hungary.

•1849.
-Universal male suffrage is introduced in the Kingdom of Croatia, although power of the Royal Diet (Sabor) remains limited and Croatia remains de facto absolute monarchy.

•1852.
-Towns of Gradec and Kaptol are united into a single city which is renamed into Zagreb; It quickly becomes the main hub of the kingdom and by 1870s, its capital.

•1856.
-July 10th: Nikola Tesla is born in Smiljani, Kingdom of Croatia in the family of Croatized Serbs; Due to his major contributions to the development of modern A/C electrical current in 1890s and 1900s, Tesla is considered to be one of the greatest inventors in human history and is one of the most well-known Croats, having spent decades working in United States of America before returning to Kingdom of Croatia in 1920 and accepting the teaching post at Royal University Of Applied Engineering in Zagreb which he held until retiring in 1937; Following his death in 1943, Royal University Of Applied Engineering was officially renamed to Royal University "Nikola Tesla" in his honor. In addition to that, multiple streets and squares throughout both Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Serbia carry Tesla's name and he was one of Croatian historical figures chosen to be put on the final series of Banovac banknotes issued in 1993, having appeared on HRB 100 banknotes. Tesla's face also appears on the obverse side of €2 coins minted and issued in Kingdom of Croatia since 2002. Since his death, Nikola Tesla has been an subject of fringe theory popular in the United States of America claiming that he was a leading scientist on an secret project bankrolled by Croatian government meant to create his "Death Ray" for Croatian Royal Army in 1930s in an effort to make it the most powerful military force in the world. However, while Tesla did create the plans for the proposed "death ray" (Projekt Svietlo) meant to interest Croatian Royal Army which were declassified in 1980s, no functional prototype was ever built due to the lack of funding and interest. Regardless, Tesla's plans and papers created in Kingdom of Croatia between 1920 and 1943 were taken by Croatian Royal Army after his death and majority of them remain classified by Croatian Central Intelligence Service as of 2023.

•1861.
-October: King Ratko I. Vranac dies after falling off horse during an outing near Medvedgrad, aged 52. Since he died without a male heir, Sabor takes control of the country and elects Count Franjo Loparski as new king who ascends the throne as King Francis I Of Croatia (Franjo I. Horvatski). He is also the progenitor of Loparski dynasty which will continue to rule Croatia into 21st century.

•1862.
-January: Pact Of Power Division (Pakt Podjele Vlasti/Ovlasti) is signed into effect by Francis I. following the pressure of Sabor's House of Commoners who put Francis into power. It effectively turned Kingdom of Croatia into a constitutional monarchy by giving more power to Sabor which is reformed into British-style parliment, a form which it will retain into 21st century.

•1871.
-Zagreb is officially designated as capital of Croatia and becomes the seat of Sabor. However, king's seat remains in the former capital, Varaždin, a tradition maintained to this very day. This arrangement has led to a popular misconception that Kingdom of Croatia has two capitals.

-Recently united Kingdom of Italy demands entire Dalmatia from Croatia. After its demands aren't met, they declare war; Croatian-Italian War starts in September.

-November 12th: Naval battle of Korčula; Croatian fleet wins decisively and secures its claim on Dalmatia.

-November 30th: Rome Accords are signed between Kingdom of Italy and Kingdom of Croatia by which Croatia gained majority of Istria, up to the city of Trieste.

•1872.
-Following the end of Croatian-Italian War, Kingdom of Croatia enters a period of uninterrupted peace coinciding with the rest of Europe. This period of rapid technological and social advancement, which will last until the outbreak of First World War and see Croatia rise to the status of a significant regional power in the Balkans and a noted middle power in Europe, will become known as Croatian Golden Age (Zlatno Doba) comparable to American Reconstruction Era, French Belle Epoque, British Victorian Age and Japanese Meiji Restoration period.

•1873.
-March: Francis I Of Croatia passes away from stomach cancer, aged 70. His youngest son, 18-year old Tomislav becomes a new king, ascending the throne as King Tomislav III, begining a tradition of youngest prince becoming a heir apparent for Croatian throne which continues to this day. Due to rulling and presiding over Croatian Golden Age which started and ended under his rule, he became known as Golden king (Zlatni/Pozlaćeni Kralj) in Croatian historiography and is generally considered to be one of the greatest kings in Croatian history; Monarchy Square, central square in Zagreb contains an 10 feet tall black marble statue depicting Tomislav III. created by Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović between 1915-1918 and placed on the square since 1919.

-Emulating London Metro, Zagreb Underground begins construction.

 

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•1874.
-First section of Zagreb Underground is opened; It will continue to be expanded until 1980s by which point it will encompass most of the city and its immediate outskirts.

-Kingdom of Croatia opens its first trading post in Japan, becoming one of the first European countries to start doing business in the country during Meiji Restoration; Kingdom of Croatia and Japanese Empire form trade and diplomatic ties which will endure until 1941.

•1875.
-Tomislav III. starts a project meant to revitalize and enlarge all major cities in Croatia in order to avoid centralization in Zagreb. This program, which lasted until 1907, saw Zagreb transformed into one of the major European cities and one of the southern European hubs of commerce while other Croatian cities became important regional centers.

-Zagreb Police Department (Zagrebačka Policija) is founded as first professionalized and centralized police force in Kingdom of Croatia; Since 1920, Zagreb Police Department is a part of Croatian Royal Police Corps (Horvatska Kraljevska Policija), central civillian law enforcemement organization in the country subordinate to Ministry Of Interior (Ministarstvo Unutarnjih Poslova, MUP), government body responsible for managing all law enforcement-related activities and organizations in Kingdom of Croatia.

•1877.
-Croatia Arms, weapon manufacturing company, is founded in Karlovac. It continues to manufacture firearms and artillery for Croatian armed forces to this day; Other major weapon manufacturers operating in Kingdom of Croatia are I.M. Metal (combat vehicles/heavy artillery, founded 1921), Pegaz Avijacija (combat planes, jets/drones, founded 1933), Đuro Đaković Industries (light artillery, founded 1937), HS Produkt (specialized firearms, founded 1976), Brodosplit (naval combat ships, patrol watercraft, founded 1823) and Pula Arsenal (submarines, naval flagships, specialized watercraft, founded 1881).

•1878.
-Kingdom of Serbia becomes officially independent after Congress of Berlin; Kingdom of Croatia, which already maintained relations with Kingdom of Serbia and supported its independence from Ottoman Empire since early 19th century starts to extend formal diplomatic support to Serbia, kickstarting a partnership which will endure into 21st century. Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Serbia have established themselves as two of the most powerful Balkan countries during the late 19th century, becoming known as "Pillars of Balkans" with this having played significant role in 1908 partitoning of Bosnia.

-Beachside resort is opened in the city of Opatija; By early 20th century, it will become one of the most popular European vacation destinations, garnering Kingdom of Croatia a reputation of tourist hotspot which it continues to maintain to this day with Istria and Dalmatia both consistently ranking near the top of most popular European summer vacation destinations since early 1970s.

•1880.
-November 9th: Zagreb earthquake occurs, causing extensive damage to the city and its surrounding areas which was sanitized until the early 1900s.

•1884.
-Galleria Croatia is opened in Zagreb, inspired by similar shopping arcades in Western Europe; It is the first shopping arcade in Kingdom of Croatia and a forerunner to modern shopping malls; As of 2023, there are 73 shopping malls opened in Kingdom of Croatia with the first modern shopping mall in the country being Mercatone Mall opened in Zagreb in 1970 and latest being Superpoint opened in Mostar in 2022.

•1887.
-Zagreb is one of the cities candidated to host 1889 Universal Exhibition. However, the tender ultimately went to Paris, France.

-Kingdom of Croatia signs a trade agreement with Imperial China, allowing them to gain a foothold in Chinese trade economy alongside other European powers and additionally strengthening Croatian economy; Croatia will maintain strong trade presence in China, albeit purely as Chinese "trade partner" until Boxer Rebellion of 1900 when it will pull out of China after the signing of Boxer Protocol in 1901; Formal trade relations with China will be re-established only in 1987.

•1889.
-Electric tram line is established in Zagreb, primarily servicing the outskirts of the city. By early 1920s, electric trams will be present in Osijek, Karlovac, Dubrovnik, Split and Varaždin where they continue to serve as primary mode of public transportation even in the early 21st century.

•1890.
-Zagreb Stock Exchange is opened. It quickly turned Zagreb into one of the major banking centers of Balkans, a status which it maintains to this day.

-First major immigrant wave of Russian Jews arrives to Croatia; By 1914, Kingdom of Croatia will become one of the primary emigration locations for Russian Jews escaping pogroms in Russian Empire, resulting in significant Jewish population within the country; Notable Jews of Croatian descent include historians Mirjana Gross (1922–2012), Branimir Felder (1903–1988) and Dragutin Kramberger (1860–1947), athletes Karlo Moltz (1914–1968), Tomislav Volgovski (1926–2007) and Tamara Romovska (b. 1968), soldiers Karlo Glibec-Mayer (1896–1978) and Juraj Holstein (1912–1996), artists Dario Rajnofski (1874–1932) and Ferdo Dalić-Cohen (1901–1986) and actor Ante Roth (b. 1965).
•1891.
-Skeletal remains of Count (Knez) Branimir, often recognized as one of the most important medieveal Croatian rulers and one of the forerunners to modern kings of Croatia who lived in 9th century, are uncovered in an crypt discovered below the remains of early medieval church near the city of Trogir; They are removed from their resting place and reburied in Royal Crypt in Solin, where other Croatian rulers have been buried since medieval times.

•1893.
-Kingdom of Croatia participates in World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, United States of America. Their pavillion which included Croatian-produced food, beverages, examples of Croatian architecture and traditional music, kinetoscope presentation of Croatian history and presentation of A/C current conducted by Nikola Tesla introduced the country to Americans and won several awards.

•1894.
-Damian Tower and St. Joseph Bridge, two of the most recognizable Croatian landmarks, begin construction in Zagreb.

•1896.
-Kingdom of Croatia takes part in first modern Olympic Games, winning two silver medals (fencing and athletics); Since 1896, Kingdom of Croatia had representative in at least one competition category in every edition of Summer Olympic Games.

•1897.
-St. Joseph Bridge (Most Svetog Josipa) is opened for traffic; It was named in the honor of Saint Joseph, patron saint of the Kingdom of Croatia and today serves as one of three major bridges crossing Sava River and connecting two halves of Zagreb (others are Sava Bridge (Savski Most) opened in 1937 and Victory Bridge (Most Pobjede) opened in 1968).

•1898.
-June 26th: First movie projection in Kingdom of Croatia is organized in Zagreb; First permanent cinema in the country, Kino Europa, will be opened in Zagreb in 1906.

•1899.
-Zvonimir Grebec, entrepreneur from Osijek, partners with Belgian mechanic Jean Mossel to open Kuna Automobili, first car manufacturer in the Balkans. Their first commercial model, Kuna Fantom (Phantom) was released a year later; Today, Kuna Automobili are one of the major European car manufacturers and one of the most popular car brands in southeastern Europe; Grebec's and Mossel's early partnership and foundation of Kuna Automobili was depicted in 2019 Croatian biographical movie "Mossel i Grebec" ("Mossel And Grebec) released to comemorate 120th anniversary of founding of Kuna Automobili.

-September 21st: Zagreb Zoo (Zagrebački Zoološki Vrt) is opened in Maksimir Nature Park in Zagreb. It was the first zoo park in Kingdom of Croatia and as of 2023, is one of five such parks in the country; Others are located in Split (opened 1921), Varaždin (opened 1908), Mostar (opened 1952) and Pula (opened 1964).

---20th Century---

•1900.
-Damian Tower (Damjanov Toranj) is opened by Tomislav III. during New Years' celebration; It was named in the honor of Damian of Gradec, anonymous man believed to be the initiator of Croatian revolt of 1700-1709.

-Kingdom of Croatia joins international military alliance (Nine-Nation Alliance) which intervened in Boxer Rebellion, primarily in order to protect its trading rights in Imperial China and rescue its citizens trapped in Peking's Legations Quarter after local rebels killed several Croatian merchants and catholic missionaries stationed in the city since 1880s; Croatian involvement in Boxer Rebellion will become a point of contention with People's Republic of China during Cold War and contribute to the recognition of Croatian soldiers in Western popular culture due to famous depiction of Croatian soldiers scaling the walls of Peking alongside American troops during the Alliance's siege of the city in August of this year; Croatian Royal Army's 5th Infantry Corps whose members scaled the walls of Peking in 1900 will receive an nickname "Kinezi" ("Chinese Regiment") which remains an synonym for the regiment to this day and two Croatian soldiers who reached the top of the wall first (Private First Class Ante Badrić and Corporal Franjo Delečki) were awarded the Medal Of Merit, then highest military decoration in Kingdom of Croatia; In total, 64 Croatian nationals, out of which 36 where soldiers, died during Boxer Rebellion. Several members of Croatian 5th Regiment who fought in Peking were later accused of killing and torturing Chinese civillians and razing dozens of houses throughout the city in retalliation for murders of Croatian civillians by Chinese rebels although concrete proof of such conduct was never produced; Croatian involvement in Boxer Rebellion was depicted in multiple movies, most notable od which are American "55 Days At Peking" (1963) and Croatian "Fifth Regiment" (2008).

•Young Bosnian Movement (Mladobošnjački Pokret), nationalistic organization made up primarily of Muslim Bosniak population of Ottoman Vilayet of Bosnia aiming to re-establish independent Bosnian kingdom similar to the ones in Croatia and Serbia is founded.

•1901.
-September 7th: Kingdom of Croatia (represented by Count Mihovil Drašković) is one of the signatories of Boxer Protocol by which Kingdom of Croatia was entitled to 2.6 percent of indemnity money paid by Chinese government to other signatories over the period of 40 years totaling 173 thousand silver taels or 12 thousand American Dollars (as per 1901 exchange rates, approximately $430,000 in 2023); Payment of the indemnity to Kingdom of Croatia was suspended in 1920 and the money received over the course of the previous 19 years was used to establish and fund Sinology Studies program within Royal University of Zagreb starting in 1921, following American example of investing Chinese money into education.

•1903.
-June: Obrenović dynasty is deposed in Serbia; Kingdom of Croatia joins Serbian government in elimination of pro-Obrenović Black Hand after ascension of Karađorđević dynasty to Serbian throne in order to prevent Karađorđević rulers from being deposed, resulting in 1903 Serbian Purge. Due to this, Karađorđević dynasty will become a firm ally of Loparski dynasty and will remain as such into 21st century.

•1904.
-After Russian defeat in Russo-Japanese War, Sabor votes to start a production of a new, advanced class of warship which coincided with the creation of British Dreadnought; Project Orca is started.

-Croatia Film, first movie production company in Kingdom of Croatia, is opened in Zagreb; As of 2023, it is the leading producer of movies in Kingdom of Croatia.

•1907.
-Orca-class warships are uncovered by Croatian government; They were RB Tomislav, RB Borna, RB Domagoj and flagship RB Damian. RB Tomislav was severely damaged several times during World War 1 and ultimately sunk during battle in 1918, RB Borna and RB Domagoj survived the war and remained in active service until being decomissioned in 1930 and scrapped in 1932 and RB Damian was preserved and turned into a museum ship moored off the coast of Zadar that remains open to this day. Orca-class warships are seen as a threat by Italians who renew hostilities with Croatia and as a major obstacle for German program of expansion into Balkans, forcing them to start co-operating with Croats in order to excercise their influence in the Balkans.

-Russian Empire and Kingdom of Croatia are invited to join Entante; Both accept.

-12-minutes long silent movie "Nikola Zrinski" is produced and released by Croatia Film to commemorate 400th anniversary of birth of Nikola Šubić Zrinski; First Croatian movie. By 2023, Croatian movie industry will become one of the largest in Europe and produce well-known movies such as "Jahači Oluje" (1964), "Tko Pjeva, Zlo Ne Misli" (1970), "Treći Ključ" (1983), "Mit" (1984), "Crna Žena" (1989), "Nesalomljivi Grad" (2000), "Počivali U Miru" (2001), "Peta Pukovnija" (2008) and "Linija Zaborava" (2016).

•1908.
-With Ottoman Empire forced out of Bosnia, it is partitioned between Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Serbia with two countries splitting the city of Sarajevo into two parts controlled by their respective officials (Western and Eastern Sarajevo); As a sign of goodwill, Kingdom of Croatia will hand over entire Sarajevo to Kingdom of Serbia in 1944; Patrition was fiercely protested by Young Bosnian Movement whose members tried to appeal for Bosnian independence, promising ethnic Croats and Serbs equal status as Muslims in the proposed "Muslim Kingdom of Bosnia". However, with both Croatian and Serbian claims to the Bosnian territory being supported by major European powers such as British Empire, German Empire and Russian Empire, partition went through, causing Young Bosnian Movement to start radicalizing into anti-Croatian and anti-Serbian terrorist organization during 1910s.

•1909.
-Zagreb Expo Center (Zagrebački Izložbeni Zbor) is opened in an dedicated building in Strossmayer Square in Zagreb (today housing Croatian National Royal Archive) as the central exposition and convention center of Kingdom of Croatia; Following the construction of Novi Zagreb, expo center was moved to an new, larger complex in 1968 and changed its name to Zagrebački Velesajam (Zagreb Expo Fair); As of 2023, Zagreb Expo Fair hosts multiple annual expos and conventions of both regional and international character, including Croatian international gaming convention InfoGamer first organized in 1999 (due to its large number of attendees and high-profile showcase partners which have traditionally included Sony, Nintendo, Sega and Microsoft, it garnered an nickname "Croatian E3"), regional anime and cosplay convention Balkan AnimeFest first organized in 2002 and others.

•1912.
-First Balkan War starts; Intending to help Serbia and due to Croatian animosity towards Ottoman Empire on account of the invasions during 15th century, Kingdom of Croatia starts to supply Balkan League with weapons and military advisors. They also helped Serbia during the Second Balkan War a year later, causing a strained relationship with Bulgaria; Croatian golden age ends.

-July 6th: Croatian Royal Air Corps are founded.

•1913.
-September: A group of Italian diversants consisting of Luigi Scarpa, Ugo Biadolli, Carlo Romani and Michaletto Salietta is captured while trying to scuttle Orca-Class warships as they were moored in Pula Harbor, intending to damage them in order to cripple Croatian ability to wage war at sea; As Kingdom of Italy denied any involvement in the matter, which became known as Pula Conspiracy (Pulska Zavjera) and didn't request the extradiction of four saboteurs, all four were executed via hanging in Fiume Prison on January 3rd, 1914.

-December: King Tomislav III. passes away due to lung cancer, aged 58. His funeral was one of the largest in Croatian history. He was succeded by his youngest son, 20-year old Stjepan (Stephen) who ascended the throne as Stephen III. Of Croatia (Stjepan III. Horvatski).

 

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•1914.
-January 15th: Sarajevo Incident; Croatian king Stephen III., Croatian Prime Minister Vladko Maček, Serbian king Peter I. and Serbian Prime Minister Nikola Pašić are nearly assassinated by the members of Young Bosnian Movement while conducting last formalities regarding 1908 partition of Bosnia. Following this event, Kingdom of Croatia will start a campaign tasked with wiping the movement out, ending it successfully in 1915. However, despite this, Bosnian separatism remains a significant political issue in both Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Serbia even in the 21st century with several political organizations dedicated to the issue operating in Kingdom of Croatia since 1960s.

-June 28th: Vienna Assassination; Austrian heir apparent Franz Ferdinand, is assassinated by Czech radical Jan Bobličkov in Vienna, Austrian Empire; Retaliatory purge of Czechs and Slovaks within Habsburg realms starts with large numbers of them escaping into Kingdom of Croatia and seeking asylum as political refugees.

-June 30th: Jan Bobličkov is found hiding under false identity in Zagreb, Kingdom of Croatia with both German Empire and Austria requesting his extradiction within 48 hours, threatening war should Croatian government refuse; Zagreb Crisis occurs.

-July 1st: Jan Bobličkov is apperhended by Zagreb Police Department and handed over to Austrians. However, that same day, Austrian and Italian troops enter Kingdom of Croatia from northwest and southwest with Central Powers proclaiming war to Kingdom of Croatia. Croatia and her allies from Entante do the same to German Empire, Austrian Empire and Kingdom of Italy; World War 1 starts.

-July 20th: On Croatian insistence, Kingdom of Hungary and Kingdom of Serbia join Entante and help Kingdom of Croatia open the so-called Southern (or Balkan) front (Balkanska/Južna Fronta) meant to tie up Italians, Austrians, Bulgarians and Ottomans.

-July 23rd–September 8th: Battle Of Mačva; Croatia/Serbia vs Austria; Austrian victory

-August 5th: Battle of Ragusa/Dubrovnik (Naval); Croatia vs Italy; Croatian victory

-September 3rd–November 16th: Battle of Debrecen; Croatia/Serbia/Hungary vs Austria; Cro/Srb/Hu victory

-December 6th–30th: Battle of Belgrade; Croatia/Serbia/Hungary vs Austria/Bulgaria; Cro/Srb/Hu victory.

-December 24th-25th: "Christmas truce" occurs along the Western front and is reported on by Narodne Novine.

•1915.
-February: Croatian fast cavalry regiments armed with fragmentation grenades and dynamite (so-called Suicide Riders/Jahači Samoubojice) are deployed for the first time during the Battle Of Vukovar, dealing severe damage to Austrian lines and demoralizing Austrian troops with their fanaticism; Rapid attacks with explosives will become one of the main points of post-war Croatian military doctorine and take the role of Croatian shock troops throughout the World War 1 and Interbellum period.

-July: Austrians deploy mustard gas against Croatian troops during the battle of Danube, dealing severe losses to Croatian and Serbian troops who weren't equipped to counter the poison; First recorded usage of biological weapon on Balkan front. After this, Croatian, Serbian and Hungarian forces will develop their own version of mustard gas which will first be deployed during the battle of Vienna in 1916.

•1916.
-Croatian suicide riders are sent onto Western Front, becoming instrumental in breaking a stalemate in Verdun in French favor and shocking both French and German troops with their ferocity and fanatic disregard for their own safety, garnering Croatian soldiers a nickname "Balkan Mongols" which remains rooted in western Europe to this day.

-August 21st: Austrians bomb Zagreb and Varaždin, severely damaging both cities and killing approximately 500 civillians; Stephen III. is injured in the bombing of Royal Palace in Varaždin and loses two fingers on his right hand. Infant Crown Prince Peter is also killed in the bombing.

-September 6th: In retaliation for bombing of Zagreb and Varaždin, Croatian Royal Air Corps and Hungarian Royal Air Force jointly bomb Vienna; Aerial battle of Vienna takes place between CRAC, HRAF and Austrian Royal Air Corps, becoming one of the largest aerial skirmishes of World War 1 that saw Vienna almost completely destroyed over the course of three days with nearly 6000 confirmed civillian deaths; It is sometimes refered to as the greatest wartime attrocity committed by Croatian Royal Armed Forces. Croatian government officially apologized to the people of Austria for its role in destruction of Vienna in 1996, a year after Austrian accession into European Union and 80 years after the battle itself.

•1917.
-October Revolution occurs; Romanov dynasty is deposed in Russia and communists (Bolsheviks) led by Vladimir Lenin take over the country; Soviet Union is created; Jews from Russian Empire escaping new regime pass through Kingdom of Croatia on the way to the western Europe and United States of America with approximately 25,000 of them settling in the country by 1920, triggering the second major Jewish immigration wave into Kingdom of Croatia; Due to the Jewish lobbying and Croatian Sabor's staunch anti-communist stance, Kingdom of Croatia formally breaks off relations with Soviet Union. Official relations between two countries won't be re-established until 1955 and will be conducted through Kingdom of Serbia who established relations with Soviet Union in 1922.

-October: Battle of Klagenfurt occurs; Croatian, Serbian and Hungarian forces decisively defeat Austrian forces, effectively forcing them out of the war as Germans take over remaining Austrian forces and start directing them onto Western front.

-December: Battle of Venice; Croatian Royal Navy attacks the city of Venice and destroys the remains of Italian Navy, eliminating Italian ability to wage war in Adriatic Sea and severely damaging Venetian historical core in the process, severely demoralizing Italian army. Italy will be forced out of the war by early 1918.

•1918.
-Pandemic of Spanish flu starts; Despite flu spreading into Kingdom of Croatia during summer months of this year, official state of epidemic won't be declared until January 1919.

-May: Battle of Varaždin starts between Croatian and Hungarian forces and German-Austrian forces; It was the last major battle of Balkan front.

-November 1st: Battle of Varaždin ends in Croatian and Hungarian decisive victory, helped by disorder, low combat morale and mutiny in German and Austrian armies; World War 1 in Balkans ends.

-November 11th: Armistice is signed between German Empire and France in the rail wagon in Compiegne, marking the official end of World War 1 in Western front; World War 1 ends.

-Austrian Empire and German Empire cease to exist; Republic of Austria, Weinmar Republic, Kingdom of Poland, Republic of Czechoslovakia and Republic of Slovenia are proclaimed.

 

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•1919.
-January: State of epidemic is declared in the Kingdom of Croatia in order to contain the spread of influenza, causing the stricter enforcement of hygienic rules in public and creation of first formal health education classes led by physician Andrija Štampar; It will remain in effect until January 1921. By then, over 900,000 Croats will die due to Influenza.

-Prohibition comes into effect in the United States of America; Sabor plans to emulate it in order to combat issue of rampant alcoholism in Kingdom of Croatia, causing large-scale protests in Zagreb, Varaždin, Karlovac, Split, Rijeka and Vukovar during July of this year ("Liquor Riots"/"Alkoholni Prosvjedi") which prevent the prohibition from taking effect in Croatia.

-June: Kingdom of Croatia is invited to take part in Versailles Peace Conference; For Croatian role in organizing and maintaining Balkan front, Croatian prime minister Vladko Maček is counted into ranks of the conference's most influential leaders, garnering Kingdom of Croatia additional prestige on world stage ("Big Four" consisting of British, French, American and Croatian prime ministers); Due to Croatian influence on the peace conference, Kingdom of Serbia and Kingdom of Hungary are granted significant territorial gains in Bulgaria (for Serbia) and Czechoslovakia (for Hungary).

-Treaty of Fiume (Riečki Sporazum) is signed by Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Italy by which remaining Italian-held part of Istria (city of Trieste) was handed over to Croatia. Serbian king Petar I Karađorđević and Hungarian king Lajos IV Bathory are also invited to signing of the treaty.

-Celebrations are held throughout Croatia to commemorate 100th anniversary of re-establishment of Kingdom of Croatia. As they coincided with the similar celebtations in Hungary, two countries organized joint celebrations and cultural events celebrating each others' history.

-New design of the national flag of Kingdom of Croatia is introduced. It was the first change of Croatian national flag since 1819. This design remained in use until 1951 when it was updated to the design still used as of 2023.

•1920.
-July: Trieste Riots occur due to signing of Treaty of Fiume. They are violently suppressed by Croatian troops stationed in the city (Trieste Massacre of 1920), much to the shock of Italy and former members of Entante who formally protest the actions of Croatian government. This event delayed Croatian accession into League of Nations by five years.

-Kingdom of Croatia joins international alliance supporting White Russian troops during Russian Civil War; After collapse of White Russian movement in 1921, some of the military commanders of White Russian troops will emigrate to Kingdom of Croatia and join Croatian Royal Armed Forces where they will enjoy a successful military career and introduce a tradition of Russian-born Croats entering the military service which remained well into 20th century; Notable Croats of Russian descent include olympic boxer Mate Parlov (1948–2008), actor Danijel Barisovljev (1959–2020), olympic sports shooter Jelena Pavlovna (b. 1972) and generals Hrvoje Černojević (b. 1948) and Krešimir Roznov (b. 1951).

•1921.
-Croatian Communist Party, CCP (Hrvatska Komunistička Partija, HKP) is founded. Despite officially denouncing communism after establishment of USSR in 1917, Croatian government doesn't immediately ban CCP and even offers it several seats in Sabor as a sign of goodwill, decision protested by conservative Democrats and Royalists who are also backed by Stjepan III., royal court, large businessmen and other enterpreneurs making up a sizeable pro-capitalist, Jewish lobby in Croatian Sabor.

-January: Epidemic restrictions brought on by Influenza are permenently removed in Kingdom of Croatia; With the resumption of normal life in Kingdom of Croatia, an era of relative economic prosperity and liberalization starts in the country. This period, which will last until Wall Street stock market crash of 1929, will become known as "Lude Dvadesete" (Crazy 20s) and will coincide with American Roaring 20s.

•1922.
-Stjepan Radić of Croatian Peasants' Party (Horvatska Pučko-Seljačka Stranka) becomes Croatian prime minister. His cabinet forms a social-democratic coalition with the Communists (known as HKPK; Horvatska Komunističko-Pučka Koalicija/Croatian Communist-Peasant Coalition; CCPC) to bring social reforms to Croatia, driving a further wedge in Sabor as central and right-leaning conservatives form an opposition bloc (Horvatski Suverenisti/Croatian Sovereigns) united by the fear of Communist takeover of Croatia.

-April 11th: Radio Zagreb (Zagrebački Krugoval), first radio station in Balkans, starts broadcasting in Zagreb and Varaždin area; As of 2023, there are over 700 different radio stations broadcasting on the territory of Kingdom of Croatia, most notable of whom are Studentski Krugoval 101 (founded in 1984 in Zagreb, ceased broadcasting in 2021), first pirate radio station in the country noted for protesting against Sabor cabinet of 1988-1992 led by Franjo Tuđman and supporting Croatian Riots of 1992, Krugoval Adastra (founded in 1965 in Varaždin), first Croatian radio station that played exclusively foreign popular music and Bravo! (founded as Zabavni Krugoval in 1954 in Zagreb), most popular radio station in the entire country playing exclusively Croatian popular music; Media Servis, central radio news agency for privately owned radio stations broadcasting in Kingdom of Croatia, was founded in 1968 while state-owned stations (HR and its subsidiaries) organize their own news sections.

-Emulating Ford's Model T, Kuna Automobili introduces Kuna Comfort, affordable family car which will become one of the most produced cars of the early 20th century and one of the most popular models in Europe with Kuna Automobili becoming known as "European Ford".

-Fascists led by Benito Mussolini take over Italy.

•1923.
-8-hour work day is introduced as one of the first reforms by Stjepan Radić and CCP.

-Universal suffrage is allowed in Kingdom of Croatia; Women are allowed to vote in Croatia for the first time in the country's history.

•1924.
-Fascist Italy demands western Istria and parts of Dalmatian coast from Croatia, threatening war should their demands not be met. Under pressure from international community eager to avoid another conflict in Europe, praticularly United Kingdom, Croatia is forced to cede Istrian cities of Trieste, Poreč and Pula to Mussolini; Handover is received with violent riots in Zagreb, Split and Rijeka.

-First workers' union is organized in Kingdom of Croatia, significantly improving workers' rights in the country.

•1925.
-Kingdom of Croatia is admitted into League of Nations.

-Celebrations are held to mark 1000th anniversary of foundation of Kingdom of Croatia; Historian Ferdo Šišić releases highly-influential non-fiction history book "Croatian History" ("Poviest Horvata") covering Croatian history from 7th century until the outbreak of World War 1.

•1926.
-Croatia Tower, the first skyscrapper in Balkans and one of the first in Europe, begins construction in Zagreb with its style, heavily inspired by 1925 exhibition of modern decorative arts in Paris, becoming the first example of Art Deco architecture in Balkans. By the start of World War 2, more buildings constructed in Art Deco style will be constructed in all major Croatian cities, garnering Zagreb in praticular an nickname of "Balkan New York City" during 1930s.

•1927.
-Croatian Motion Picture Rating Organization (CMPRO/HOOSK) is founded to rate and if needed, ban movies produced and released in Kingdom of Croatia. With the advent of television in 1950s, CMPRO's duties were expanded to rating TV shows as well. It functioned as independent organization until 1998 when it was merged with CEERB to form Croatian Media Rating Board (CMRB/HOOM).

•1928.
-Croatia Tower finishes construction and is opened; Since 1929, Croatia Tower serves as an headquarters of Croatian Stock Exchange.

-As its policies start to align more closely with those of conservatives and royalists in Sabor, Croatian Communist Party merges with Croatian Peasants' Party and changes its name to Croatian Union of Socialdemocrats (CUS). Afterwards, they leave Third Internationale controlled by Soviet Union and are denounced as enemy by other European communist parties.

-During 1928 parlimentary elections, Stjepan Radić dies due to diabetic shock, aged 57. Elections are won by Josip Broz Tito of Croatian Union of Socialdemocrats who replaced Radić as CUS' election candidate as he was Radić's running mate.

•1929.
-Ustaše, radical irreditist movement aiming to annex southern Hungary and western Serbia is formed in Varaždin. They are quickly proclaimed a terrorist organization and are purged by Croatia and Hungary forcing the survivors into exile into United States where they will transform into radical Fascist (later Neo-Fascist) anti-Croatian terrorist syndicate. Members of Križari will also return to Kingdom of Croatia during World War 2 and openly collaborate with Axis Powers during the occupation of the country. Occupied territory of Croatia controlled by Križari during World War 2, primarily in Western Bosnia, will become known as "Independent State of Croatia".

-October: Wall Street stock market crash occurs; Great Depression starts. Kingdom of Croatia is hit severely due to its export-based economy becoming limited to its immediate neighborhood (Kingdom of Serbia, Kingdom of Hungary, Republic of Slovenia).

•1930.
-Radio Zagreb increases its broadcast range, opens affiliate stations in Split, Rijeka and Pula and changes its name to Croatian Radio (Horvatski Krugoval); By 1958, Croatian Radio will have an affiliate station in every major Croatian city and three main stations (known as HR1, HR2 and HR3).

-Zagreb Underground is officially renamed to Z-Metro, a name it still carries to this day.

-"Kabaret" ("Cabaret"), musical with the elements of black comedy is produced and released by Croatia Film; It is the first movie with sound produced in Kingdom of Croatia and first movie to be banned in the country for its suggestive content with the ban on the movie being lifted in 1938. Other notable movies banned in Kingdom of Croatia include "Frankenstein" ("Frankensteinovo Čudovište", banned 1940-1949), "Psycho" ("Poremećen Um" banned 1960-1971), "Whatever Happened to Baby Jane?" ("Što Se Zbilo Sa Malom Jane?" banned 1962-1971), "The Warriors" ("Ratnici Podzemlja" banned 1979-1982), "Hilda, The She-Wolf Of SS" ("Hilda, Vučica Iz SS-a" banned since 1975), "Friday The 13th" ("Petak Trinaesti" banned 1980-1984), "Basic Instinct" ("Sirove Strasti" banned 1992-1995), entire "Human Centipede" series ("Ljudska Stonoga" banned since 2009) and "Magic Mike" ("Čarobni Mike" banned 2009-2010).

-Male football team of Kingdom of Croatia takes part in first FIFA World Cup in Montevideo, Uruguay; They are eliminated in knockout phase while playing against Kingdom of Serbia. Afterwards, Kingdom of Croatia will take part in every FIFA World Cup with exception of 1966, 1972 and 1986 editions where they failed to qualify. Croatian team will secure its first medal (bronze) during 1998 cup and win the cup itself in 2018.

•1933.
-Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler comes to power in Weinmar Republic; Third Reich is founded.

•1934.
-October 9th: Serbian king Alexander I. is nearly assassinated during a state visit in Marseilles, France by Macedonian revolutionary Vlado Čizmečki but manages to survive with light injuries; Kingdom of Croatia assists Serbian government with investigation into assassination, uncovering the links between Čizmečki and Križari.

•1935.
-As effects of Great Depression subside in Europe, Kingdom of Croatia renews its export activities, signing trade deals with France, Third Reich, Great Britain, Kingdom of Poland and United States of America.

-With increasing number of automobiles in Croatia since introduction of Kuna Comfort and inspired by German Autobahn system, Kingdom of Croatia starts constructing its own highway system (Brzoput/Autocesta) which was partially built with the assistance of engineers from Third Reich.

-Croatian Auto Club (HAK) is founded in Zagreb; As of 2023, it is the largest automotive association in Kingdom of Croatia.

-Nurnberg Laws are passed in Third Reich; Jews from Germany start to move into Kingdom of Croatia due to its reputation as a hotspot for Jewish emigration. These emigrations will continue throughout mid-1930s and reach their peak following the Kristallnacht of 1938.

-"Grad Grieha" (Sin City), gangster movie based on fictionalized depiction of Croatian criminal underground in 1930s is produced and released by Croatia Film; Movie became a large hit in southeastern Europe and kickstarted a new genre in Croatian cinematography, gangster movies, which will eventually evolve into noire, crime dramas, police dramas, neo-noir and similar genres, becoming one of the most popular movie genres in Kingdom of Croatia, allowing the country to produce cult crime movies such as "Smrt U Zagrebu" (1951), "Crno I Bielo" (1967), "Zla Krv" (1973), "Glasnik Iz Mostara" (1979), "Mit" (1984), "Izvieštaj" (1996), "Počivali U Miru" (2001), "Tragovi" (2005), "Cvietni Trg" (2010) and "Metastaze" (2016).

•1936.
-Axis Pact Berlin-Rome-Tokyo is signed by Fascist Italy, Third Reich and Japanese Empire; Axis Powers are founded.

•1937.
-Republic of Ireland is proclaimed independent from Great Britain; Kingdom of Croatia offers official recognition to Ireland and becomes one of its primary trade partners, resulting in strong Croatian economic presence in Ireland which continues to this day.

•1938.
-1937 animated movie "Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs" by Walt Disney Company becomes the first movie ever to be fully dubbed in Croatian language, starting a long tradition of localizing foreign media in Croatia which will extend into movies by mid-1950s and into amime and video games by early 2000s.

-Third Reich pulls out of trade deal with Kingdom of Croatia. Post-World War 2 investigation will confirm that the reason behind this was large percentage of Jewish experts present in Croatian business circles.

-Sudetland Crisis; Czechoslovakia is forced into Third Reich.

-Anschluss; Republic of Austria becomes a part of Third Reich.

•1939.
-August: Kingdom of Croatia participates in Belgrade Grand Prix, sending a professional racer Mihael Ribić to the event; He finished the race in 7th place.

-September 1st: Feigning a military incursion into its territory, Third Reich launches an invasion of Poland; World War 2 starts.

-Kingdom of Croatia takes part in 1939 World Exposition, showcasing Kuna Panther, concept car built specifically for the exhibition.

-Falangists led by Francisco Franco win the Spanish Civil War; Due to tensions with Third Reich and mounting anti-fascist sentiment within Kingdom of Croatia, Croatian government refuses to establish formal relations with Francoist Spain despite multiple Spanish attempts to do so; Kingdom of Croatia and Spain will establish formal relations only in 1976 following the re-establishment of Spanish monarchy.

-Final sections of Croatian Brzoput are constructed and connected to its neighboring countries without the assistance of German engineers; As of 21st century, Croatian Brzoput is one of the largest road networks in the Balkans and notable transport route connecting central and southeastern Europe colloquially known as "Heart of Croatia".

•1940.
-Following German conquests in western Europe and Scandinavia, Kingdom of Croatia offers Serbia and Hungary to form a joint military alliance should Germans attack them as well with both accepting and starting to bolster their respective countries' armies and weaponry while remaining formally neutral.

-Croatia Arms' HAS-M1940 submachine gun enters production; It will become one of the signature weapons of Croatian army during World War 2 and a symbol of Croatian resistance.

 

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•1941.
-March: Third Reich starts to pressure Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and Hungary to join Axis Powers. While Romania, Slovenia and Bulgaria accept, Croatia, Serbia and Hungary refuse on a joint adress in Serbian Royal Assembly in Belgrade which became known simply as Adress (Proglas/Obznana).

-April 1st: Operation Weisse (White) is launched; A full-scale invasion of Kingdom of Croatia, Kingdom of Serbia and Kingdom of Hungary starts. On this day, Croatia, Serbia and Hungary officially join Anti-Fascist Coalition, becoming known as Southern Allies (Južni Saveznici) as Axis Powers declare a war against them.

-May 23rd: Kingdom of Serbia capitulates after a month-long seige of Belgrade by German, collaborationist Croatian, Bulgarian and Romanian forces; Karađorđević dynasty is deposed with king Alexander and his family escaping to London where they establish a government-in-exile while General Milan Nedić becomes a leader of satellite state founded by Third Reich (so-called Nedić's Serbia) whose regime is opposed by multiple domestic paramilitary organizations; By this point, over 60 percent of Croatian territory was occupied by the Axis (German military gouvernate in Slavonia headquartered in Osijek) and Križari (entire Western Bosnia up to the Neretva Valley with the headquarters in Tomislavgrad) save for major cities in the west and along Adriatic coastline while Kingdom of Hungary suffered a Fascist coup led by General Miklos Horthy, causing its army to split into collaborationist and royalist factions which were effectively locked in a civil war that lasted until 1945.

-May 30th: Seige of Zagreb begins; Joint Austro-German, collaborationist Hungarian, Slovene and collaborationist Križari military force attacks Croatian capital defended by Croatian Royal Army, Croatian Royal Air Corps, Hungarian Royalists, remains of Serbian Royal Army and citizens of Zagreb (collectively known as Homeguard/Domobrani in reference to Croatian independence fighters from the early 19th century). Post-war, the seige will often be compared to the seige of Stalingrad due to the ferocity of fighting, large number of victims (over 450,000 casualties on both sides of the conflict out of which circa 280,000 were civillians) and near-complete destruction of Zagreb over the course of three years of seige, becoming recognized as one of the most brutal skirmishes of World War 2 and point of pride for Croatian society post-war due to successful defense of the city and consequently, country.

-July 8th: Battle of Split (Naval): Croatian Royal Navy clashes with Italian Navy over the city of Split and manages to reppel the attack, effectively preventing Italians from gaining foothold in Croatian Adriatic; Adriatic Theater of World War 2 is opened. By 1943, Croatian Navy will successfully retake all parts of Dalmatia lost in 1924.

•1942.
-January 20th: Wansee Conference; Kingdom of Croatia is marked down as a "target of special interest" by Third Reich due to its high number of Jews (by this year, there were nearly 100,000 Jews living in Kingdom of Croatia, making up a sizeable minority in Croatian population which then stood at 4.3 million).

-Chetniks (Četnici), pro-royalist Serbian paramilitary starts to operate in Croatia, using it as a base of operations for incursions into Serbia. Despite formally co-operating with King Stephen III. and Croatian Sabor as well as being endorsed as remains of Royal Serbian Army's resistance against fascists, reports of attacks on ethnic Croatian villages in Slavonia and Bosnia quickly surfaced, exposing Chetniks' Greater Serbian ideological background and causing the local Croats, Muslims and Serbs who already fought German occupiers in Slavonia to spontaneously organize into anti-Chetnik guerillas.

-Istrian Campaign; Croatian Royal Armed Forces retake Istria from Fascist Italy between May and December of this year, retaking all teritorries held prior to 1924. Due to this, Istria will serve as one of the bases for the allied assault on Italy during 1943.

•1943.
-Teheran Conference; Kingdom of Croatia, Kingdom of Serbia in-exile and Kingdom of Hungary in-exile are re-confirmed as part of Anti-Fascist Coalition and start receiving large-scale military aid from United States of America and United Kingdom in a bid to ensure their orientation towards the West in the post-war world.

-Chetnik attacks in Slavonia and western Bosnia escalate in the razing of the village of Amići and massacre of its Muslim and Croatian population; Alliance between Chetniks and Croatian Royal Armed Forces is broken up, causing tensions between Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Serbia; King Alexander I. is ultimately pressured by the British and French to stop endorsing Chetniks after their reconnaisance missions in western Bosnia uncovered the truth about Chetniks' crimes. From this point until the end of World War 2, remaining Serbian soldiers loyal to Karađorđević dynasty were allowed to stay in Croatia only if they weren't affiliated with Chetniks and were organized in special units that while formally responsible to Croatian chain of command, were treated and recognized as the army of the Serbian government in-exile; Known Chetnik commanders (Vojvode) were hunted post-war by Croatian HSOS and Serbian OZNA and executed as war criminals with the latest of such executions having been organized for Momčilo Đujić, Chetnik Vojvoda who was executed via firing squad in Nebojšina Utvrda Supermax Penitentuary in Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia on June 25th, 1987 after being extradicted from the United States, notably being the final convict executed in Kingdom of Serbia before the abolishment of death penalty in the country in 1991.

-Croatian Democratic Front is founded by several smaller parties from several major Croatian cities. Its intention is to establish West-alligned democratic republic in Croatia, believing that parlimentary monarchy is a limited government system; Their program is heavily censored throughout the war to keep up the fighting morale.

-Bosnian Campaign begins; Croatian Royal Army assisted by Southern Allies and local guerilla fighters starts to fight Križari in order to liberate Western Bosnia from their control; During the campaign, several death camps organized by Križari and their Axis allies are uncovered by Croatian Royal Army, prompting Croatian government to authorize utilization of biological and chemical weapons (primarily Sarin) against Križari; Post-war research confirmed that Križari and Axis killed approximately 30 thousand Jews (nearly a quarter of Jewish pre-war population in the country) and other "undesirables" from Kingdom of Croatia between 1941 and 1945, either in death camps in occupied Western Bosnia and Slavonia or through deportation to other European death camps such as Auswitz or Majdanek.

-September: Benito Mussolini is ousted in Italy which joins Anti-Fascist Coalition and is paired with Croatia, becoming fourth formal member of Southern Allies; Adriatic Theater of World War 2 is closed.

•1944.
-January: Republic of Slovenia is liberated by joint Croatian-Italian military taskforce which deposes Slovenian White Guard regime (Belogardejci) and becomes fifth and final member of Southern Allies.

-March: Croatian, Italian, Slovene and Hungarian forces start a liberation campaign of Serbia, managing to liberate it before Soviet Red Army reaches the country in September; Karađorđević dynasty is restored and Kingdom of Serbia is re-established as West-alligned nation; As a sign of goodwill between Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Serbia, Sarajevo, which was jointly controlled by Croats and Serbs since 1908, is given to Serbia while Serbian province of Vojvodina with significant Croatian minority gains special status of Autonomous Province.

-August 5th–11th: Operation God's Wrath (Božji Bies); Joint taskforce of Southern Allies breaks the German and Križari's encirclement of Zagreb, kickstarting the Battle For Zagreb; Siege of Zagreb ends and full liberation of Croatia is completed by February 1945.

-October 24th: Battle For Zagreb ends in Southern Allies' victory; While captured German soldiers are taken in as POWs and handed over to Italian troops, Križari are collected by Croatian troops led by First Lieutenant Juraj Holstein, Captain Marko Klabeša and Captain Zdeslav Deusch and forced onto a march from Zagreb to the summit of Mount Velebit (Zagreb Death March/Zagrebački Marš Smrti) where all Križari who survived four days-long march were forced to dig their own graves and then summarily executed. As of 2023, four mass graves (discovered in 1978, 1991, 2004 and 2017) were discovered by Croatian government, containing 487 corpses in total; Zagreb Death March remains one of the more controversial events of World War 2 in Kingdom of Croatia as some Croatian historians, most notable of whom is Hrvoje Klasić, decry it as a "stain on Croatian wartime sacrifice"; Last surviving military commander involved in Zagreb Death March, Marko Klabeša, died in August 2005 at the age of 91 while Zdeslav Deusch died in January 1998 at the age of 86 and Juraj Holstein died in November 1996 at the age of 90. Neither of them ever stood trial for their involvement in Zagreb Death March.

-November: Tomislavgrad, final stronghold of Križari, is captured by Croatian Royal Army, effectively destroying the organization on Croatian territory; Bosnian Campaign ends in decisive Croatian victory.

-December: Croatian Central Intelligence Service (CCIS/HSOS) is founded; Commander of CRA's Intelligence Division Josip "Abesinac" Manolić is chosen as the organization's first director in 1947, a post which he will keep until retiring in 1985.

-December: Slavonian Campaign, a large-scale military operation organized by Croatian and Serbian military with assistance of the local resistance fighters tasked with destroying Military Gouvernate in Slavonia begins.

-December: Operation Corvinus (Operacija Korvin), an operation organized by Kingdom of Croatia and Hungarian Royal Army tasked with collapsing collaborationist regime in Hungary and re-establishing monarchist regime begins; Midway through the operation, Soviet Red Army starts to liberate the eastern half of Hungarian territory with Soviet and Hungarian-Croatian armies linking up in Budapest and launching a joint liberation campaign of the city; Horthy's regime collapsed in March 1945, concluding the operation successfully.

•1945.
-February 25th: Croatian military captures Osijek and either kills or captures German military personnel in command of Slavonian Military Gouvernate; Slavonian Campaign ends in decisive Croatian victory and marks the full liberation of Croatian territory; World War 2 in Kingdom of Croatia ends. Over the course of nearly four years of active war in the country, over 1.3 million Croatian civillians and soldiers (a quarter of Croatian total pre-war population) died either in combat or from related causes (disease, starvation, allied and Fascist retalliations, etc.).

-March: Austria is fully captured by the British; Battle for Germany begins.

-April 16th: Soviet Red Army breaches Berlin; Battle for Berlin begins.

-April 18th: Southern Allies join Soviets in the Battle of Berlin; Today, it is widely considered that the alliance effectively represented the Western Powers in Berlin in order to ensure that it wouldn't be freed solely by the Red Army.

-April 29th: Alliance of Soviet, Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Italian and Slovene forces (collectively known as Six-Nation Army/Vojska Šest Naroda) reaches Reichstag building and starts to fight their way inside, intending to capture Adolf Hitler and other top officials of the Third Reich.

-April 30th: Sensing that the defeat is imminent, Adolf Hitler commits suicide via cyanide poisoning within his bunker in Reichstag building in Berlin alongside his wife and other surviving high-ranking officials of the Nazi Party.

-May 1st: Six-Nation Army captures Reichstag and upon discovering the corpses of Nazi Party's entire leadership, hoist their respective flags onto its rooftop; Iconic photo depicting the soldiers of the alliance saluting six flags atop Reichstag building is taken by Soviet soldier and war reporter Gregor Ivanov Majolič; This event symbolically marked an end of the Battle for Berlin and downfall of the Third Reich; Hitler's corpse was secured by the Soviets and its whereabouts after 1945 remain unknown.

-May 2nd: Delegation of high-ranking military officers from Six-Nation Army (Kingdom of Croatia is represented by General Karlo Glibec-Mayer) oversees the signing of German surrender; Battle for Berlin ends and Third Reich is effectively dissolved a week later, ending World War 2 in Europe.

-June 20th: Croatian Democratic Front wins in 1945 parlimentary elections and elects former socialdemocrat Andrija Hebrang as prime minister; Their control over Sabor will see more democratic elements introduced into Croatian Sabor, effectively completing the democratization of the country by 1951.

-As Kingdom of Hungary is partially liberated by Red Army, fears arise that the Soviet satellite may be installed in Hungary. Due to this, Hungarian Royal Crown Guard transport Hungarian Royal Crown and crown jewels to Kingdom of Croatia for safekeeping from the Soviets; Despite Hungary becoming a social-democratic republic after the war, Kingdom of Croatia kept the crown locked away in the treasure vault of Varaždin Royal Palace alongside Croatian royal crown jewels until Hungarian government formally requested its return in October 1978; Crown was returned to the Republic of Hungary during an elaborate ceremony held in Budapest in January 1979 and has been exhibited in Hungarian History Museum in Budapest since.

 

[TGC2003]

•1946.
-Inspired by the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 and wishing to safeguard Croatia from Soviet pretensions, Croatian government starts to secretly develop its own nuclear program, known as Project Nucleus (Projekt Nucleus) using plutonium deposits discovered in western Bosnia; Project will result in the creation of four nuclear bombs and five tactical nuclear weapons by 1971; Rumors that Americans and British assisted Croatia with its nuclear program have been disproven in 2020s when the information about Project Nucleus was fully declassified.

-League of Nations ceases to exist and is replaced by United Nations; Kingdom of Croatia is accepted as a member upon the organization's founding.

-Coca-Cola production and bottling plants are opened in Zagreb and Varaždin; Coca-Cola enters Croatian market for the first time.

•1947.
-Speech at Fulton; Kingdom of Croatia and other Southern Allies end up on the western side of "Iron Curtain" despite Soviet claims to the contrary in case of Hungary which was partially liberated by Red Army and became a republic in 1947 as a compromise between Soviet communists and Hungarians; Until late 1960s, Croatia will serve as a guarantee of Hungarian status as West-alligned country, causing a bond between two countries to grow even stronger.

-Croatia Records is founded in Zagreb after the merger of Slavuj (founded 1898) and Musa (founded 1903) record labels; It will quickly become the dominant record label in Kingdom of Croatia and alongside Serbian Jugoton founded in 1928 and Slovenian MenArt founded in 1969, dominant record label in southeastern Europe; Other major record labels in Kingdom of Croatia include Aquarius Records (founded 1978), Scardona (founded 1984), Hit Records (founded 1989), Tonika (founded 1994) and Dancing Bear Records (founded 1996).

•1948.
-Kingdom of Croatia is among the first countries to formally recognize the State of Israel, becoming one of its strongest foreign partners.

•1949.
-North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is founded.

-Succession Law of 1949 is passed by Sabor; Should a rulling monarch of Croatia die without a male heir, eldest female member of Loparski dynasty must ascend the throne as queen of Croatia; As of 2023, this law has not yet been evoked.

-Trieste Accords are signed; City of Trieste is returned to the Republic of Italy, creating the land border between Italy, Slovenia and Croatia that exists to this day and official maritime border between Italy and Croatia is created.

•1950.
-First pizzeria in Kingdom of Croatia is opened in Zagreb by a pair of Italian immigrants and former soldiers, signifying the thawing of relationships between Kingdom of Croatia and Republic of Italy. It also marked the start of "fast food age" in Kingdom of Croatia as various local fast food joints and diners emulating establishments found in the United States of America start to open in major Croatian cities throughout 1950s; Their domination in the domestic fast food market will continue until late 1980s when foreign (American) fast food chains will start to make inroads onto Croatian market.

-Croatia Airlines, first commercial airline company in Kingdom of Croatia, is opened; It will become recognized as main commercial airline company in Kingdom of Croatia by 1970s.

•1951.
-"Statue of the Liberators", a stone statue dedicated to the countries of Southern Allies, is unveiled in Varaždin; Today, it is considered to be one of the city's major landmarks.

-Zagreb International Airport (ZIA) begins construction on the site of Pleso Airfield on the southern outskirts of Zagreb.

•1952.
-Kingdom of Croatia and Japan renew bilateral relations after 11 years with Croatia becoming instrumental in Japanese post-war economic recovery and one of Japan's most important European partners. As of 21st century, Japan remains the most important Asian partner to Kingdom of Croatia.

•1955.
-In order to diversify the economy of Kingdom of Croatia, gambling is legalized in the country. First Croatian casino "Dolar" was opened in Split in 1961; As of 2023, there are 97 casino establishments in Kingdom of Croatia, most of which are built in Istria and Dalmatia and primarily service the tourists. However, gambling and lottery are among the most popular past-times in Kingdom of Croatia and a significant contributor to the country's economy. On the flipside, Kingdom of Croatia is noted to have one of the highest rates of gambling addiction in Europe with 6 percent of the country's adult population being registered as problem or pathological gamblers in 2018.

•1956.
-"Ten Commandments" (Deset Božjih Zapoviedi), movie epic based on biblical Book of Exodus, is fully dubbed in Croatian, becoming first full-length movie dubbed in Croatian, expanding the dubbing business from cartoons into full-length movies.

-Croatian Television (Horvatska Televizija, HTV) starts to broadcast, becoming the first television station in the Balkans. It merged with Croatian Radio to become Croatian Radiotelevision (Horvatska Radiotelevizija, HRT) by the end of the year. Between 1960s and 2000s, Croatian Television will expand into six different programs (HTV 2 in 1964, HTV 3 in 1976, HTV 4 in 1987, HTV Plus in 1995 and HTV Music in 2002) and become formally nationalized as Croatian national TV station in 1960; Other major TV stations broadcasting in Kingdom of Croatia include Nova TV, first commercial TV station in Croatia broadcasting since 1976, RTL Televizija, Croatian branch channel of German RTL broadcasting since 1997 and their subsidiaries such as Doma TV (since 1985), Nova Sport (since 1988), Mini TV (Formerly Nova Kids, since 1994), RTL 2 (since 2003), RTL Passion (since 2006), RTL Crime (since 2010) and RTL Plus (since 2014); First Croatian privately owned music-only channel CMC (acronym for Croatian Music Channel), heavily inspired by American MTV, started broadcasting in 1984.

-Zagreb International Airport (Zagrebačka Međunarodna Zračna Luka) is opened; As of 2023, it is one of five international airports in Kingdom of Croatia (alongside airports in Varaždin, Dubrovnik, Mostar and Rijeka) and is the largest and busiest airport in Kingdom of Croatia. It is also the headquarters of Croatia Airlines.

•1957.
-Croatian population reaches 5 million due to "baby boom" consistent with other European countries at that time; By the end of Croatian baby boom in mid-1960s, country's population will stand at 5.7 million; By 2000, Croatian population will stand at 6.2 million. Generation of Baby Boomers in Kingdom of Croatia (Known as "Djeca Ljubavi"/"Love Children" in reference to 1960s hippie movement in which older members of this generation took part, born between 1945/46 and 1966) is considered to be materially wealthiest generation in Kingdom of Croatia with combined wealth of €16 billion as of 2022. They are followed by Gen X ("Tigrići", in reference to 1970s–1980s "Adriatic Tiger" period during which members of this generation were born and grew up, born between 1967/68 and 1981). Other major post-World War 2 societal generations in Kingdom of Croatia are Millennials ("Tisućljetarci", born between 1982 and 1999/2000) and Gen Z ("Generacija Z", born between 2000/2001 and 2020).

-Vatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall (Koncertna Dvorana "Vatroslav Lisinski") begins construction in Zagreb; It was named after Vatroslav Lisinski/Ignacius Fuchs (1819–1854), Croatian music composer of German Jewish descent who was influential in establishing Croatian modern language by composing songs and opera pieces in Croatian language and was also the author of "Zemlja Horvatska", anthem of Kingdom of Croatia since 1919. Until the construction of Arena Zagreb in 1980s, this was the largest exhibition hall in Croatia and as of 2023, is still the second largest concert hall in the country.

•1958.
-In the process of renewing Zagreb from the effects of World War 2, urbanization of the suburban areas located south of Sava River is approved; Construction of Novi Zagreb begins. First residents moved into Novi Zagreb in 1960.

•1960.
-Croatian Royal Marine Corps are founded, becoming a special sub-branch of Croatian Royal Navy.

-"Obitelj Vartak" (Meet The Vartaks), a first Croatian TV sitcom starts to broadcast; Main series ran for six seasons between 1960 and 1968 with the christmas specials starring the series' cast being produced annually until 2007 when the series' leading actor Andrija Beljak passed away; Other popular Croatian TV series and sitcoms included "Gospoda Glembajevi" (1979–1983), "Smogovci" (1980–1986), "Marinci" (1990–2001), "Jel' Me Netko Tražio?" (1991–1998), "Forenzička Služba" (2002–2008), "Zabranjena Ljubav" (2004–2007), "Naša Mala Klinika" (2004–2011), "Zauviek Susjedi" (2005–2009), "Hitna 94" (2008–2012), "Kriza" (2011–2014) and "Lud, Zbunjen, Normalan" (2007–2019) which was co-produced with Serbian FIST Produkcija.

-Construction of Željava Military Airfield (Vojno Sletište Željava) begins; Its purpose is to monitor the Croatian airspace in order to intercept possible Soviet attacks.

•1961.
-Croatian short animated movie "Surogat" ("Imposter") wins an Oscar in a category for best foreign short film; First Oscar won by Croatian movie.

-December 29th: Vatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall is opened with an inaugurational concert by Ivo Robić.

•1963.
-"55 Days At Peking" ("55 Dana U Pekingu), American war epic movie depicting the events of 1900 Boxer Rebellion is released; First depiction of Croatian Royal Armed Forces in foreign movie.

-July 26th: Unusually powerful earthquake strikes Skopje, Macedonia, causing over 1200 confirmed casualties and nearly complete destruction of the city; Kingdom of Croatia, in show of solidarity with Kingdom of Serbia, sends its paramedics and search-and-rescue teams to Skopje to help affected people and provides additional monetary aid of 200,000 HRB (370,000 SRD) to assist the reconstruction of the city.

•1964.
-First Arab immigrants start to move into Kingdom of Croatia in search for employment; Initially, Croatian government is welcoming to them, following the example of West Germany and its permissive immigration policy.

-Zagreb is hit by a flash flood from Sava River, causing significant damage to buildings and roads and causing 76 casualties; Due to this, flow of Sava will be altered throughout 1960s and 1970s and parts of the city will be rebuilt.

-"Jahači Oluje" ("Riders of the Storm"), historical epic based on Croatian suicide riders from World War 1 who took part in the battle of Klagenfurt, is jointly produced and released by Croatia Film and Universal Pictures; Until the release of "Unbreakable City" in 2000, it was the most expensive Croatian movie ever produced with the budget of nearly $6 million (7.5 million HRB).

•1966.
-Ruža Huljić incident; 23-year old student from Zagreb named Ruža Huljić is raped and killed by two Egyptian immigrants. Upon being captured, they are deported from Kingdom of Croatia and formally banished from the country despite the calls for their execution as per Croatian penal law; Retalliatory lynchings and murders of Arabs start to occur throughout Croatia in response to the incident, leading to their mass escapes from the country in addition to protests in Zagreb and Varaždin, calling for change of foreign workers' quotas.

•1967.
-Bowing to the popular pressure, Croatian Sabor reintroduces foreign workers' quotas, severely limiting the foreign immigration into the country well into 21st century; Anti-Arab sentiment in Kingdom of Croatia will be renewed during mid-2010s.

-Seven-Day War occurs; Kingdom of Croatia sends its combat instructors to assist Israeli troops.

•1968.
-Kingdom of Croatia joins NATO along with Kingdom of Serbia.

-Chinese publications attack Kingdom of Croatia over their involvement in Boxer Rebellion of 1900, calling the country "Imperialists' main lapdog"; Similar attacks will periodically occur until 1987 when Croatia and China will establish trade relations.

-Period of detante starts; With lessening of the Soviet pressure, Hungary is fully incorporated into Western circle with the assistance from Croatia despite both countries maintaining tense relationship with Warsaw Pact following Soviet military intervention in Prague Spring.

-Željava Military Airfield is completed and begins operation; Since 2000s, it has been rumored that underground hangars of the airfield house the secret training facilities for Croatian black ops agents.

-July: SummerFest '68 music festival is organized on Lake Jarun, Zagreb by the students from University of Zagreb; Due to its high number of attendees, performances of the country's most popular young artists who will later be considered legends of Croatian music scene (Korni Grupa, Crveni Koralji, Mišo Kovač, Zdravko Čolić, etc.) and hallmarks of hippie culture present during the festival, it has often been called "Croatian Woodstock" by both Croatian and foreign historians.

•1969.
-Novi Zagreb is fully constructed.

-October 1st: "Noć Dugih Klošara" ("Night Of Long Bums"), Croatian musical parodying pre-World War 2 Nazi Germany and depicting top Nazi officials as closeted homosexuals and transvestites premieres in recently opened Gavella Theater in Zagreb; It will quickly become one of the most popular musicals in the country alongside another World War 2-themed musical, "Yalta, Yalta" which will premiere in 1971.

•1970.
-May: Stephen III. passes away due to natural causes, aged 77. As per tradition, he is succeded by his only son, 31-year old Jakov (James) who ascended to Croatian throne under the name of James I. of Croatia (Jakov I. Horvatski).

-HRSRU (Horvatski Sustav za Rano Upozoravanje/Croatian Early Alert System, CEAS) starts to function, serving as a warning in case of nuclear strike. During this year, construction of multiple air raid shelters and nuclear bunkers is also started in all major Croatian cities; Final bunker built during this period will be constructed in 1979.

•1971.
-Project Nucleus is terminated and replaced with Project Fortuna which aimed to create Croatian hydrogen bomb comparable to Soviet Tsar Bomba; Data of Croatian nuclear program from this period will remain classified until early 2020s.

-Kingdom of Croatia endorses Republic of Hungary as it enters NATO.

-Croatian Lottery (Horvatska Lutrija), first modern lottery in Kingdom of Croatia is founded as the central organization for the national lotteries; In 2017, Horvatska Lutrija changed its name to CroBet. Largest jackpot ever won in Kingdom of Croatia, €8 million was won on November 24th, 2007.

•1972.
-October 25th: During a diplomatic visit to Washington D.C., United States, James I. is nearly assassinated by Croatian-American student Callum Lokitch who was a radicalized member of Crusaders (Križari), terrorist organization which operated in the United States between 1930s and 1990s and was created by surviving Ustaše who desired to take over Croatia and turn it into neo-fascist country akin to Francoist Spain, spreading false propaganda amongst radical Croatian-Americans that Kingdom of Croatia is a police state ran by Jewish oligrachy; Crusaders were hunted by CCIS and FBI throughout 1970s, 1980s and 1990s until their final cell was hunted down and destroyed in May 1998; Following the 1972 assassination attempt, James I. will sport a prominent scar across his face from the gunshot wound sustained in the attack for the rest of his life.

•1973.
-Following the hostage crisis on 1972 Olympics, Croatian Royal Armed Forces establish ATJ Vitezovi (Anti-Terrorist Unit "Knights"), one of the first anti-terrorist units in Europe alongside French GIGN.

-1973 Oil Crisis; Kingdom of Croatia remains economically stable due to large deposits of natural gas in the Adriatic and actively supports Israel during Yom Kippur War.

-Kingdom of Croatia takes part in Eurovision Song Competition for the very first time; They are represented by Zdravko Čolić with the entry "Gori Vatra" ("Burning Fire"), ranking 15th; After this contest, Kingdom of Croatia will start choosing its Eurovision representatives on a national song contest known as DORA first organized in 1974.

 

[TGC2003]

•1974.
-Large oil deposits are discovered in Slavonia and in the Adriatic Sea; CroPetrol Oil Company is founded in order to exploit the oil in the name of Kingdom of Croatia. Due to Croatia starting to export its oil and natural gas into central and western Europe, country's economy flourishes rapidly, making Kingdom of Croatia one of the economically strongest south European countries and starting its path towards becoming one of major European powers which will culluminate in Croatian permanent admission into NATO's Security Council in 1985 (In 1990s, Kingdom of Croatia received a nickname "Adriatic Tiger" in global economic circles due to its rapid economic growth between 1975 and 1990; This period is commonly refered to as "Adriatic Tiger period" (Razdoblje Jadranskog Tigra) in modern Croatian historiography). As of 2023, Kingdom of Croatia still has the status of oil exporter and oil export is one of the country's major economic branches alongside trade and industrial production.

•1975.
-Kingdom of Croatia is officially registered as oil exporter and joins OPEC despite several Arab countries (UAE and Saudi Arabia) attempting to veto its entry due to its support of the State of Israel and due to Croatian provision of oil into Western Europe significantly lessening their own market share.

-Construction of Krško Nuclear Power Plant (Nuklearna Elektrana Krško) begins; Construction was jointly financed by Kingdom of Croatia and Republic of Slovenia.

•1976.
-ATJ Vitezovi is expanded into HRATO (Horvatska Antiteroristička Organizacija)/CRATO (Croatian Anti-Terrorist Organization) and placed under jurisdiction of Ministry of Interior (MUP), effectively becoming a part of Croatian Police Corps and a precursor to SWAT until that role was taken up by Intervention Units in 1986. In mid-1990s, CRATO will be reorganized into a central agency of Croatian Special Forces Command, become a part of Croatian Royal Armed Forces and home organization of Croatian Royal Army's black ops operatives ("Unit 18" and "Unit 24").

•1977.
-Due to overruning costs, Project Fortuna is abandoned and cancelled. It was the last major development of Croatian nuclear program until 2020s as it shifted onto developments of additional nuclear-powered submarines and later, aircraft carrier.

-Large oil deposits are discovered in Kingdom of Serbia; Kingdom of Croatia sends its experts to help establish extraction infrastructure for Kingdom of Serbia.

•1978.
-RP Manta and RP Beluga, nuclear-powered submarines of Kralj-class, are commissioned by Croatian Royal Navy.

•1979.
-CroPetrol Oil Company changes name to INA Oil Company, a name which it kept to this day.

-Kingdom of Croatia endorses Kingdom of Serbia as it joins OPEC and becomes registered oil exporter.

•1980.
-Construction of Arena Zagreb, Kingdom of Croatia's main sports and concert venue, begins.

•1981.
-Kralj-class nuclear submarines are uncovered for the first time and put into the active service with Croatian Royal Navy, publically revealing that Kingdom of Croatia possesses nuclear capabilities for the very first time and giving it a status of nuclear power which increases tensions with the Eastern Bloc while also prompting United States to gradually pull Croatia into its inner circle; By mid-2000s, three more Kralj-clas submarines (RP Neptun, RP Triton and RP Rijeka) will be constructed and enter service with CRN; Due to its status, Kingdom of Croatia will become known as "Nuclear shield of the Balkans".

-Tirkiz Elektro, Synth-Pop group from Split, releases their debut album "Visoki Napon" ("High Voltage") via Croatia Records; Beginning of Croatian New Wave (Horvatski Novi Val/Novi Val) movement. Similar musical style became popular in Kingdom of Serbia and Republic of Slovenia at the same time, leading to the style sometimes being refered to as "Yugo-Pop" or "Cro-Glam" in the rest of the world. Height of Croatian New Wave lasted throughout 1980s and was replaced with "Cro-Trash" style of the 1990s and early 2000s; Croatian New Wave music is often synonymous with Adriatic Tiger Period and is considered to be the best Croatian music in terms of quality.

-January 1st: Kingdom of Croatia and Hellenic Republic (Greece) join European Economic Community.

•1982.
-Riots in Serbian Kosovo and Macedonia take place; Worried that riots in Serbia may embolden latent Bosnian separatists in Western Bosnia, Kingdom of Croatia sends military to assist Kingdom of Serbia with suppression of the riots; Croatian intervention in Kosovo and Macedonia.

-Kingdom of Croatia openly supports United Kingdom during Falklands War, joining the rest of EEC in sanctioning Argentina and offering to send its newly-built submarines to assist the British forces. However, Croatian military aid to British is blocked by France, Israel and United States on the grounds that such excessive aid may provoke the Soviets. British also refused Croatian military aid as unnecessary, openly claiming that Croats only wanted to use Falklands as a testing ground for their submarines' combat capability.

-Construction of Kralj-class submarines is protested by Greenpeace, prompting police raid to be ordered on organization's offices in Zagreb. In addition to that, Croatian government officially sued Greenpeace for interfering in Croatian state affairs; Case was ultimately dropped in 1987.

•1983.
-With the rise of organized crime in Kingdom of Croatia during 1970s and 1980s (caused by Albanian, Italian, Serbian and increasingly, domestic crime groups and syndicates operating in the country), Office for Neutralization of Coruption and Organized Crime (also known as USKOK) is formed; It was merged into CRATO in 1994.

-Krško Nuclear Power Plant begins with operations; As of 2023, it is the only nuclear power plant in Kingdom of Croatia and second such power plant in the Balkans (other is Kupinovac Nuclear Power Plant opened in Kingdom of Serbia in 1992). It provides approximately 10 percent of total electric power to Kingdom of Croatia and over 25 percent of electrical power used by Republic of Slovenia. It is jointly owned by both countries.

•1984.
-Kingdom of Croatia is chosen as a temporary head of the United Nations' council for a two year term.

-Arena Zagreb finishes construction and is opened; It will become a venue of major international events including 1990 Eurovision Song Contest, 2004 Summer Olympic Games, 2009 Men's World Handball Championship and performances of numerous domestic and foreign music artists. Notable foreign artists who performed in arena include Duran Duran (July 1986), Joe Cocker
(April 1989, January 1997), Guns N' Roses (September 1993), Depeche Mode (February 1995, August 2013), Backstreet Boys (September 1999, July 2019), Red Hot Chilli Peppers (August 2001, July 2015), Enrique Iglesias (May 2003), Britney Spears (October 2004), 50 Cent (November 2007, October 2023) and Lady Gaga (July 2010).

•1985.
-Sixth permanent chair is created on NATO's security council and given to Kingdom of Croatia due to its status as an nuclear power; This causes tensions with People's Republic of China and Soviet Union due to Croatian affiliation with the West.

•1986.
-Mimicking LAPD's SWAT, Croatian Ministry Of Interior funds the creation of Intervention Police Units (Interventna Policija) which become Kingdom of Croatia's version of SWAT.

-July: American synth-pop group Duran Duran organizes a concert in Arena Zagreb, drawing attendance of nearly 120,000 people; Until 1990 Eurovision Song Contest also organized in Zagreb, it was the most attended music event in Croatian history.

•1987.
-July: Summer Universiade is organized in Zagreb; Large-scale renovations of Downtown Zagreb and the city's sport halls and recreation venues are performed in run-up to the event.

•1988.
-First McDonald's fast food restaurant is opened in Kingdom of Croatia (Varaždin), beginning the propagation of foreign fast food chains that will quickly gain upper hand over local chains of similar nature, causing their significant reduction by early 2020s; Notable global fast food chains operating in Kingdom of Croatia include: Burger King (since 1994), KFC (since 1997), Taco Bell (since 1999) Domino's Pizza (since 2003), Starbucks (since 2005) and Subway (since 2007).

•1989.
-Croatian rock group Riva wins 1989 Eurovision Song Contest with the entry "Rock Me"; 1990 Eurovision Song Contest is organized in Zagreb.

-Croatian Television is one of the numerous European broadcasters showing a live broadcast of the collapse of the Berlin Wall.

-Communism in Poland is stamped out and parliamentary monarchy is restored; Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Serbia start to forge diplomatic relations with Polish government in order to expedite the country's recovery from the decades of communist rule.

•1990.
-Female military conscription is introduced in Kingdom of Croatia. Unlike male conscription, which is mandatory for all able-bodied and mentally sound Croatian male citizens aged 18-30 and lasts 18 months with the ability to undertake civillian service if deemed physically or mentally unfit for military service or if they object to standard military service with the risk of up to 10 years of imprisonment if they attempt to avoid conscription, female conscription is volountary for able-bodied and mentally sound women aged 18-30 and lasts only 9 months but is without the option to serve in civillian corps or object to standard military service.

-Following the beginning of Gulf War, ensuing price drop of oil causes Croatian oil export to decrease exponentially, in line with other OPEC members. This stops the rapid economic rise of the country and marks the end of Adriatic Tiger Period.

-Kingdom of Croatia launches Project Helios meant to create its own next-generation fighter jet and replace its ageing fleet of F-4s acquired in 1960s.

-Eurovision Song Contest is organized in Zagreb, with the chosen venue being Arena Zagreb; Kingdom of Croatia was represented by pop singer Tatjana "Tajči" Matejaš with the song "Hajde Da Ludujemo" ("Let's Go Crazy") and the contest was won by the Italian singer Toto Cutugno; Event was attended by over 900,000 people, making it the single most attended music event in Croatian history.

•1991.
-Reform of the penal law is performed; Execution via electric chair, originally introduced in 1925, is outlawed and replaced with execution via lethal injection, becoming the third outlawed method of execution after hanging (formalized in 1820, outlawed in 1919); execution via gas chamber introduced in 1932 and outlawed in 1973; execution via firing squad practiced since 1819 remained in use until 2001; As of 2023, Kingdom of Croatia, Russian Federation and Belarus are only European countries that still practice death penalty with the latest execution in Kingdom of Croatia having been carried out in February 2021 on Darko "Daruvarac" Kovačević, 23-year old from Zadar who beat his 18-year girlfriend to death in June 2019.

-As part of reform of the penal law, homosexuality is formally decriminalized in Kingdom of Croatia for the first time since the kingdom's founding. Despite this, it will remain a taboo topic within the country well into 21st century as homosexuals will become formally accepted in Croatia only during 2010s and early 2020s with the passing of Equality Bill (Zakon Jednakosti) in 2012 which formally legalized homosexual marriage and adoption of children by homosexual couples in Kingdom of Croatia. Despite this, 2022 poll conducted by Croatian Royal Statistics Office conducted as part of the census revealed that 71 percent of Croatian adults (aged 18-66; 66+ is considered elderly in Kingdom of Croatia and is mandated retirement age in the country) held very negative views of LGBTQIA+ population, marking a slight change from 2012 census when the results of the same poll showed 78 percent disproval of LGBTQIA+ population; As per official statistics, 3.7 percent of Croatian population identified as members of LGBTQIA+ community in 2022.

-December: Soviet Union collapses; Cold War ends and communism in Europe is stamped out.

 

[TGC2003]

•1992.
-SRCE Network is established in Zagreb as first internet provider in Kingdom of Croatia; Spread of internet begins in the country; .hr and .hr-eu become registered internet domains for Croatian-affiliated internet pages; By 2023, 97 percent of the country's inhabited territory was covered by internet infrastructure from multiple domestic (B-Net, A1, SRCE, ISKON, Optima Telekom) and foreign (T-Mobile, Telemach, Vodaphone) providers.

•1993.
-June 24th: First "Gay Pride" event in Kingdom of Croatia is organized in Zagreb by Indigo Society, a Croatian LGBT support group founded in 1980; Event ended in disaster as groups of protesting citizens attacked anyone taking part in Pride event, resulting in ten deaths, 35 injuries and 30,000 HRB in damage to the parts of Downtown Zagreb where anti-Pride riots were most pronounced; Due to this, next Pride event in Kingdom of Croatia will take place only twenty years later, in June 2013 when members of Zagreb Police Department will be dispatched to guard the Pride parade route; Events of 1993 Zagreb Pride were dramatized and depicted in 2014 Croatian drama movie Parada (Parade).

•1994.
-Pantovčak Leaks; Massive information leak concerning CCIS' wiretapping of King James' personal phone line between 1970 and 1972 due to suspicion that he may be a communist sympathizer; Due to the public fallout of the leaks and pressure from Varaždin Court, CCIS' director Erik Turalja is forced to resign in March 1995 and CCIS' director during 1970s who was directly involved in the affair, Josip Manolić is also indicted.

-CEAS System is repurposed for general emergency warnings due to the end of Cold War; Until being reactivated for military use in 2023, CEAS was activated only six times, most notably after Zagreb Terrorist Attack in September 2005 when the system simultaneously broadcast warnings on television and radio for the first time. Since 2013, CEAS is integrated into all mobile phones sold in Kingdom of Croatia, allowing Croatian citizens to receive automated real-time warnings and emergency alerts when necessary.

-Unit 18, Croatian special operations and black ops military division is founded and intergrated into CRATO. It is the most elite and secretive unit of Croatian Royal Armed Forces. In 2002, Unit 24 will be founded as the second black ops unit of CRAF.

-CRATO is reformed into a central organization of Croatian Special Forces' Command (CRO-SOCOM, Zapovjedništvo Posebnih Postrojbi, ZPP) and put under direct command of Croatian Royal Armed Forces; It specializes in black bag operations, unconventional warfare, assassinations, electronic warfare, economic crime and psychological and information warfare. It is considered to be the most elite organization of Croatian Royal Armed Forces; CRATO is noted for being one of the real-life inspirations for Third Echelon, fictional black ops agency appearing in Splinter Cell video game series by Ubisoft.

•1995.
-Large-scale insurgencies against Serbian government suppported by Republic of Bulgaria start to occur in Kosovo and Macedonia; Third Balkan War starts with Croatia joining Serbia and sending military aid and its black ops operatives from HRATO's Unit 18 (so-called "mercenaries") to help Serbian government break the rebellion and defeat Bulgarians; Despite several Serbian combatants publically claiming to have fought alongside CRATO forces in the late 1990s and Republic of Bulgaria claiming that several "Serbian" combatants killed in Macedonia and Kosovo between 1995 and 1998 had no identifications and utilized weapons and equipment not present among regular Serbian troops, Kingdom of Croatia continues to classify the true role of its special forces in Third Balkan War as of 2023; Disputed role of CRATO's Unit 18 in Third Balkan War is a central point of the plot of 2016 Croatian-Serbian action thriller "Linija Zaborava" ("Forgotten Ones") and Bulgarian 2007 war movie/psychological thriller "Osemnadeseta Kolona" ("Eighteenth Column").

-Hungary enters European Union along with Czechoslovakian Republic, Republic of Austria and reunified Republic of Germany; Kingdom of Croatia is instrumental in their accession and integration into EU's framework.

-"Afrika", song by Croatian Drum 'N Bass artist Dino Dvornik is released; Due to its international popularity, it becomes the first Croatian song ever to be played on MTV. Other Croatian songs that were played on MTV include "Zmaj" by Hotline (1998), "Plastika" by Dino Dvornik (1999), "Big Beats" by KRO-MCs (2001), "Svietla Grada" by Colonia (2002) and "Rizik" by Dubioza Kolektiv (2008).

•1996.
-Croatian Electronic Entertainment Rating Board (CEERB) is founded in order to rate and if needed, ban video games published in Kingdom of Croatia. It operates independently from European rating systems such as ELPSA and PEGI and its ratings only apply on the territory of Kingdom of Croatia (Kingdom of Serbia and other surrounding countries use PEGI system since 2003 and have formerly used ELPSA system); In 1998, CEERB and CMPRO will merge into Croatian Media Rating Board (CMRB).

-In order to commemorate the start of third millennium and emulating Tomislav III., James I. commissions the construction of Millennium Tower in Zagreb. Despite the building being seen as unnecessary vanity project and severely criticized by Sabor, construction was started in September of this year, being partially funded by the crowdfunding campaign started up by Croatian Royalist Institute that earned 160,000 HRB by the end of 1996.

•1997.
-"Gran Turismo" by Polyphony Interactive becomes the first video game ever fully localized in Croatian language; Full dubs of video games in Croatian language will start in early 2000s.

-"Grand Theft Auto" by DMA Design becomes the first video game banned in Kingdom of Croatia due to its excessive violence; The ban on this game and its 1999 sequel was lifted in 2001 when localization of Grand Theft Auto 3 started; Other notable games banned in Kingdom of Croatia include "Soldier Of Fortune" (banned since 2000), "Conker's Bad Fur Day" (banned since 2001), "Manhunt" and "Manhunt 2" (banned since 2003 and 2007 respectively), "Haunting Ground" (banned since 2005), "Rule Of Rose" and "Canis Canem Edit/Bully" (both banned since 2006) and "Ride To Hell: Retribution" (banned since 2013, notably banned for its "offensive" gameplay quality in addition to its content).

-900th anniversary of the Battle of Gvozd Mountain.

•1998.
-Croatian Gaming Guild (Horvatski Ceh Igrača) is founded; It is an independent syndicate of gaming enthusiaists from Kingdom of Croatia representing the interests of Croatian people in the matters of electronic entertainment and gambling. Notable actions undertaken by CGG since its founding include support of banning of both Manhunt games, failed reappeal of the ban on Rule Of Rose in 2006, reappeal of the ban of Zagreb Underground in 2007, successful lobbying for the new regulation of online gambling in 2010 and successful reappeal of Emulation Prohibition Act in 2023.

-March: NextLevel, first Croatian gaming magazine begins publishing. It was released once per month until being discontinued in December 2006; Other Croatian gaming media includes other gaming magazines such as Igračeva Revija (published 2001–2011) and Reboot (published since 2012) and TV channels such as Playomania TV (broadcasts since 2007) and Adria E-Sports (broadcasts since 2015).

•1999.
-March 15th: Croatian and Serbian air forces jointly bomb Skopje and Priština, forcing Kosovar and Macedonian insurgents to the negotiating table with Serbian government and resulting in Belgrade Compromise (Beogradski Kompromis) by which Macedonia and Kosovo became recognized as Autonomous Provinces within Kingdom of Serbia, same as Vojvodina which gained such status in 1944. However, despite Third Balkan War officially ending, low-scale insurgencies continued in Kosovo until mid-2000s and tensions resumed after Serbian re-annexation of Macedonia in 2012.

-Project Poseidon is launched by Croatian Royal Navy with intention of creating an nuclear-powered aircraft carrier akin to the ones used by United States of America and France; French military engineers are brought onto the project due to their greater expertise with nuclear propulsion technology.

-Kingdom of Poland joins NATO and is formally endorsed by Kingdom of Croatia.

-November: Millennium Tower finishes construction.

-December 31st: Millennium Event is jointly organized in Zagreb, Ljubljana, Budapest and Belgrade to celebrate the start of a third millennium; Croatian king James I., Serbian king Peter II., Hungarian president Georgy Ivan and Slovene president Ervin Hotec hold a joint address for their respective nations.

---21st Century---

•2000.
-January 1st: Millennium Tower is opened by James I. As of 2023, it is one of the most recognizable landmarks of Zagreb and serves as the corporate headquarters of the Croatian branch of Coca-Cola Corporation since 2001.

-Olympic tender is organized to determine the host of 2004 Summer Olympic Games; Zagreb, Kingdom of Croatia manages to narrowly beat out Athens, Greece for the hosting rights.

-Republic of Slovenia joins European Union and NATO and Kingdom of Serbia joins European Union, being welcomed by both Kingdom of Croatia and Republic of Hungary.

-"Nesalomljivi Grad" (Unbreakable City), historical epic based on 1941-1944 siege of Zagreb, is produced by Croatia Film. It is the most expensive Croatian movie ever produced with a budget of €10.3 million. It was also the first Croatian movie to be nominated for Oscar since 1961 in categories for best action movie, best male supporting actor and best foreign movie even though it failed to win in either of those categories.

-"Soldier Of Fortune", video game by Raven Software and Activision is the first video game ever to depict Croatian Royal Army in a video game, depicting the members of CRATO's Unit 18 as supporting NPCs in a campaign set during recently concluded Third Balkan War. While CEERB officially banned the game due to its realistic depictions of violence, some believe that they were pressured into banning it by the government due to Kingdom of Croatia officially denying its involvement in Third Balkan War, a claim often augmented by the fact that other games in the series whose plotlines didn't involve any depictions of Croatian military were sold with CEERB's O-NC (Mature-Uncensored) rating in Kingdom of Croatia; Game remains banned in Kingdom of Croatia as of 2023.

•2001.
-September 11th: 9/11 terrorist attacks occur in United States of America; Prime ministers of Kingdom of Croatia and Republic of Hungary jointly express condolences to American people, cementing two countries' friendship in the eyes of the world.

-Kingdom of Croatia is automatically admitted into ISAF due to its membership in NATO and starts sending its soldiers to Afghanistan; By the time of ISAF's withdrawal from the country in 2021, a total of 150 Croatian soldiers will die in combat.

-"Serious Sam: First Encounter", First-Person Shooter by Cro Team is published; First Croatian-made and published video game ever; As of 2023, Serious Sam series has five mainline games and enjoys moderate global popularity with a dedicated fanbase.

-"Počivali U Miru" (Rest In Peace), Croatian crime movie focusing on Zagreb's criminal underworld, is released. Until the release of Serbian crime movie "Južni Vetar" in 2018, it was the most popular crime movie from the Balkans.

•2002.
-2001's "Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons Of Liberty" by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan is the first video game fully localized and dubbed in Croatian language. Retroactively, its 1998 prequel is also localized and dubbed this year; By 2017, all major entries of the series will be localized, making Metal Gear Solid one of the most popular gaming franchises in Kingdom of Croatia, followed closely by other fully dubbed series such as Resident Evil, Silent Hill, Yakuza/Like A Dragon, Call Of Duty, GPS and Grand Theft Auto.

-Japanese anime Naruto becomes the first anime dubbed in Croatian language.

-March 1st: Kingdom of Croatia replaces Croatian Banovac, its currency since 1820, with Euro (€). On the same day, Spain replaced its own currency, Peseta; Banovac coins and banknotes remained a legal tender alongside Euro until December 1st, 2002 and could be exchanged for Euro as per fixed exchange rate established in December 2000 until December 31st, 2022.

•2003.
-US invasion of Iraq; Kingdom of Croatia joins the rest of European Union in condemning the American-British invasion as unethical, drawing criticism from Bush administration. Incident also broke out as FBI placed multiple Croatian citizens present in the United States under surveillance after Croatian government condemned American actions in Iraq; This affair was depicted in 2018 American thriller "Balkan Assets".

-August 12th: Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić is assassinated by members of Neo-Chetniks, radical greater Serbian terrorist organization modeled after Black Hand and World War 2-era Chetniks that intended to perform a coup in Kingdom of Serbia and launch a war against Kingdom of Croatia in order to conquer its territory; Operation Sabre (Operacija Sablja), co-ordinated police action organized by Serbian Royal Special Forces ("Scorpions" and "Cobras"), CRATO (Unit 18 and Unit 24) and later Republic of Hungary's 34th Special Batallion meant to exterminate Neo-Chetniks, begins.

•2004.
-July-August: Summer Olympic Games are organized in Zagreb; Largest sporting event in Croatian history; Due to on-going Operation Sabre and danger of Neo-Chetnik attacks, the event is organized with increased security measures.

-Kingdom of Poland joins European Union following years of strong lobbying by both Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Serbia.

•2005.
-BP-Helios (NATO reporting name Jester) enters active service with Croatian Royal Air Corps; Alongside F-22 Raptor, Su-50 and Chengdu J-20, it is the fourth fifth-generation combat aircraft in active service as of 2023.

-RNZ King Tomislav III., Kingdom of Croatia's first aircraft carrier, enters active service with Croatian Royal Navy; It was designed to accomodate all types of NATO-designed planes with primary purpose as a platform for BP-Helios. In 2023, Croatia's second aircraft carrier RNZ Stjepan Radić will enter the active service.

-September 19th: Zagreb Terrorist Attack; Group of five Serbian citizens (Srđan Radić, Dragutin Boban, Svetlana Pomović, Kosta Belić and Gordana Crnković) perform co-ordinated suicide bombings near and within several of the city's most prominent landmarks (Stari Kaptol metro station, Millennium Tower, Croatia Tower, Monarchy Square, Serbian embassy on Stjepan Radić Street), killing 150 people and injuring nearly 300; Attackers were quickly connected to Neo-Chetniks, causing Kingdom of Croatia to start funding Operation Sabre more openly and causing a brief surge of anti-Serbian sentiment in the country; It was the first and as of 2023, only successful terrorist attack on Croatian soil in the country's history. After the attack, Hungary joined Operation Sabre by sending its 34th Battallion to Kingdom of Serbia, citing solidarity with people of Croatia; As a sign of solidarity, Kingdom of Serbia sent €2 million to Kingdom of Croatia to help finance the repair of damaged landmarks and dispatched its paramedics and search-and-rescue teams to Zagreb to help the wounded and survivors; Outside of Croatia, attack is often popularly refered to as "Croatian 9/11" while Croatian public and popular media refer to the attack as "September 19th attacks" (Napadi 19. Rujna); Events of the attack and its immediate aftermath were depicted and dramatized in Croatian-British action thriller movie "19. Rujan" ("September 19th") that premiered in European and North American cinemas on 18th anniversary of the attack in 2023.

-November 18th: King James I. is involved in an traffic accident and rendered commatose.

-December 2nd: After two weeks of commatose state, King James I. is unhooked from life support, passing away in Royal Hospital Center in Zagreb, aged 66. He was the first Croatian king to die outside of Varaždin Palace since 1861. He was succeded by his only son, 20-year old Krešimir who ascends the Croatian throne as Petar Krešimir V.; He continues to rule as the king of Croatia as of 2023.

•2006.
-Croatian-Bosnian pop group Hari Mata Hari wins 2006 Eurovision Song Contest with entry "Lejla"; 2007 Eurovision Song Contest is organized in Mostar.

-July 13th: Budapest Terrorist Attack; Serbian citizens Vladimir Draganić and Jovica Nikolić perform a mass shooting at Budapest-Keleti train station in Budapest, Hungary, killing 15 people and wounding 32; Both attackers manage to escape and are quickly connected to Neo-Chetniks; Kingdom of Croatia pledges to help Hungary hunt down both shooters.

-December 17th: Vladimir Draganić and Jovica Nikolić are captured in Vukovar, Kingdom of Croatia while preparing another mass shooting in the city; Both are extradited to Republic of Hungary and imprisoned for life; As of 2023, both men are still alive and serving out their sentences in Szeged Supermax Prison.

•2007.
-Final cell of Neo-Chetniks is hunted down and eliminated in Bar, Serbian Montenegro, causing the organization to collapse; Operation Sabre ends in success.

-Croatian Sabor announces cessation of military conscription of men for Croatian Royal Armed Forces, present in Croatian law since 1820. However, due to resistance by the public, expressed through large peaceful protests in Zagreb, Varaždin, Vukovar and Split, decision is delayed before being dropped altogether; As of 2023, Kingdom of Croatia and Swiss Confederacy are only European countries with unbroken tradition of military conscription.

-Strongly inspired by 2002's "The Getaway" by Team Soho and "Grand Theft Auto" series by Rockstar Games, CroTeam develops Zagreb Underground, open-world crime video game for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 set in Zagreb during late 2000s published by 2K Games with the game being met with positive reviews and gaining an affectionate nickname of "Croatian GTA" by IGN. Despite CEERB attempting to ban the game in Kingdom of Croatia on the grounds of insulting depiction of the country due to highlighting its criminal underworld and controversy arising over depiction of real-life Croatian brands in the game, appeal by Croatian Gaming Guild and several high-profile video game publications such as IGN and Kotaku prevented this from happening; As of 2023, Zagreb Underground has three mainline games and one spin-off and is most popular Croatian-made game series, being seen as one of the strongest contenders to Grand Theft Auto series.

•2008.
-Great Recession; Due to its strong ties with Eurozone, Kingdom of Croatia suffers severe economic recession with Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia and Greece becoming the hardest-hit members of European Union.

-Call Of Duty: World At War by Treyarch and Activision becomes the very first video game to depict World War 2-era Croatian Royal Army in video game in a story campaign depicting 1945 Battle for Berlin, battle for Reichstag and planting of the flags of Six-Nation Army atop Reichstag; Since the entire campaign is played from the Soviet perspective, Croatian soldiers appear only as supporting NPCs and do not play major role in campaign's story.

•2009.
-April 3rd: Several makeshift rafts with Afghan refugees crash off the coast of Croatia; First major wave of Middle Eastern refugees approaches Croatia.

-October 20th: Immigrant Law of 2009 is passed by Croatian Sabor; It imposed harsh and precise quotas upon foreign asylum seekers from "rogue countries" (defined as entire Middle East, entire continent of Africa and parts of Asia) and harsh naturalization process which mandated the asylum seekers to learn Croatian language to a fluent level and mandated them to take an extensive exam on Croatian history and social customs if they intended to stay in Croatia for longer than a month or else face forceful deportation, essentially exposing them to forceful Croatization. Despite the law being criticized as elitist and racist and European Commission pressuring Kingdom of Croatia to make it easier for immigrants to seek asylum within its borders, law remained in effect until 2015 when it was supplanted with even harsher Immigrant Law of 2015 in the midst of the European migrant crisis.

•2010.
-Unit 18 and Unit 24 of CRATO are merged into a single unit known as 42nd Brigade (42. Pukovnija). They operate as CRATO's elite combat troops and retain their status as Kingdom of Croatia's black operatives.

•2012.
-Kingdom od Serbia re-annexes Macedonia and strips it of its autonomous status; While condemned by majority of the international community, Kingdom of Croatia, Republic of Hungary, Kingdom of Poland and Spain support Serbia, provoking outrage from the rest of European Union.

•2013.
-Recession in Kingdom of Croatia ends after five years, helped by recovery in the countries of western Europe who are Croatia's main trade partners; Croatian economy has returned to pre-Recession levels in 2017.

•2014.
-Paris Terrorist Attacks; Kingdom of Croatia offers to help France capture or kill the responsible members of ISIS; Members of CRATO are sent to France.

-Crimean War; Russian military takes over Ukrainian Crimea; Russo-Ukrainian War starts.

-"Wolfenstein: New Order", video game by Id Software and Machine Games depicting alternate 1960s in the world where Third Reich won World War 2, is released; Game is banned in Kingdom of Croatia upon release due to depicting Kingdom of Croatia as "Independent State of Croatia", fascist satellite state controlled by Križari (based on real-life Križari who operated in the United States until being wiped out in 1998) that willingly gave up parts of its territory to Italy and Third Reich and took active part in Holocaust. As of 2023, ban on New Order and its sequels New Colossus (2017) and YoungBlood (2020) hasn't been revoked despite Machine Games formally apologizing to Croatian government and promising not to depict Kingdom of Croatia in any of their future Wolfenstein games and multiple appeals by Croatian fans of Wolfenstein series and Croatian Gaming Guild trying to get the games unbanned.


•2015.
-Immigrant Crisis of 2015; Approximately 30,000 Middle Eastern immigrants try to illegally enter Kingdom of Croatia over the course of a year with some clashing with the border police, leading to a death of two officers in August; Despite protests from European Commission and multiple human rights NGOs, Croatian Sabor is pressured by outraged citizens to allow Croatian Border Patrol to utilize lethal force against immigrants caught trying to illegally enter Croatia, leading to multiple immigrant deaths along Croatian southeastern border in western Bosnia as border patrol officers fired upon immigrants caught trying to illegally cross Croatian border. Similar actions occurred in Kingdom of Serbia where border patrol laid anti-personnel mines along the border crossing with Romania in an attempt to deter the illegal immigrants while Republic of Hungary and Republic of Slovenia isolated their respective borders with Croatia with a barbed wire and returned any immigrants trying to enter their territory to Croatia until the height of the crisis passed in 2017.

-November: Immigrant Law of 2015 is passed by Croatian Sabor; Any illegal immigrant caught trying to enter Kingdom of Croatia and refusing to surrender to border police after two repeated warnings will be shot with extreme prejudice; After passing the law, Kingdom of Croatia is severely criticized all over the world with NGO Human Rights Watch even going as far as to call Kingdom of Croatia a "fascist state", provoking an incident that saw HRW banned in Croatia for a year due to Kingdom of Croatia's legacy of resisting fascists almost completely on its own during World War 2. Trump administration called Croatian policy "brave but dangerous". Strict immigration policy continues to be upheld as of 2023 with the illegal border crossing attempts having been in constant downfall between 2015 and 2021, possibly contributing to Kingdom of Croatia and its neighbors remaining untouched by ISIS' European terror campaign of 2014-2017 but have started to drastically increase since, especially of the immigrants hailing from North Africa who are attempting to enter the country via Adriatic Sea.

-December: ISIS makes a direct threat against Kingdom of Croatia, refering to it as "bastion of infidels" and claiming that "their comeuppance will be delivered soon"; As a precautionary meassure, all people arriving from countries defined as "rogue countries" per Immigrant Law of 2009 or arrivals from other parts of the world descended from such countries for any reason are detained by Croatian Customs' border patrol and subjected to interrogations, beatings and as reported, theft of personal belongings by the border patrol officers. Due to this, Kingdom of Croatia was strongly criticized by Human Rights Watch and European Commission which even threatened to sanction Croatia economically to a limited effect due to Kingdom of Croatia being a major oil supplier to Western Europe; This policy remained in effect until the collapse of ISIS in 2019.

•2016.
-Battlefield 1 by DICE and Electronic Arts becomes the first video game to depict World War 1 in Kingdom of Croatia through a story campaign "Za Kralja i Dom!" ("For King and Home!"; Shortened version of rallying parole and battle cry "For King, Home and Mother Croatia!" ("Za Kralja, Dom i Majku Horvatsku!") used as a motto of Suicide Riders and official motto of Croatian Royal Army since 1920) depicting a fictional unit of Croatian suicide riders (based on Croatian Royal Army's 2nd Cavalry Corps' 1st Special Unit wiped out during Battle of Klagenfurt) trying to survive behind Austrian lines during the Battle of Klagenfurt, culluminating in their last stand against Austrian forces on the city's main square; It has been cited as one of the best campaigns in Battlefield series' history and commended by the Institute of Croatian History from Royal University of Zagreb due to its authentic depiction of Balkan front and Croatian Royal Army of the time with the campaign's storyline structure being strongly inspired by 1964 Croatian movie "Riders Of The Storm" which is also frequently referenced in the campaign.

•2017.
-March 23rd: Commercial flight XA-205 of Croatia Airlines is hijacked by Syrian citizens Mehmed Al-Dawud, Nasir Malmuk and Abu Al-Dawla while on relation between Paris, France and Zagreb, Kingdom Of Croatia; Hijackers' plan was to crash the plane into Downtown Zagreb and kill everyone onboard as well as anyone on the ground as retalliation against Croatian immigration policy. However, the plot was stopped by combined efforts of Croatian Royal Air Corps and members of ATJ Vitezovi who intercepted the plane and shot it down over Mount Velebit by shooting out its engines with anti-materiel sniper rifles, forcing the plane to crash-land in the mountain. After 14-hour standoff between landed hijackers and members of ATJ Vitezovi and CRATO, all three hijackers surrendered and were captured with all passengers and crew surviving with minor injuries. Due to having planned a terrorist attack on Croatian soil, Syrian request for extradiction of the hijackers was refused and all three were sentenced to death and executed via lethal injection in Lepoglava Supermax Penitentiary on October 2nd, 2017; This event became known as Flight XA-205 Incident (Incident na letu XA-205) and was widely publicized in the world.

•2018.
-June-July: FIFA World Championship is organized in Russian Federation; Male team of Kingdom of Croatia wins the championship, beating France 4-3 in penalty shootout (3-3 after 120 minutes of standard play); First major football victory for Kingdom of Croatia since 1998 FIFA World Championship when they won bronze medal.

•2019.
-Celebrations are held to commemorate 200th anniversary of re-establishment of Kingdom of Croatia; Among the foreign guests present in Croatia during the celebrations are US Vice President Mike Pence, French President Emmanuel Macron, Serbian king Alexander II. Karađorđević, Hungarian prime minister Anton Hunyadi and Italian president Giorgio Zitter.

-November: First cases of SARS-Cov-19 (COVID-19) are confirmed in Wuhan, China; COVID-19 Pandemic starts.

•2020.
-February: First cases of COVID-19 are confirmed in Kingdom of Croatia; State of epidemic is proclaimed in the country for the first time since 1919, causing mandated closures of businesses, schools and universities which migrate online, mandated wearing of face masks in public and maintaining of social distance to curb the spread of illness. This period, which will intermittedly last until February 2022, will become known as Great Lockdown (Velezatvaranje); By the end of COVID Pandemic in 2023, approximately 28,000 people will die in Kingdom of Croatia.

-March 20th: Earthquake hits Zagreb, causing exstensive damage to the city and six casualities; Renovation of the city was hampered by the COVID restrictions, causing them to start in early 2021; Another earthquake has occurred in the town of Petrinja on December 29th, nearly completely destroying it and causing 50 casualties; As of 2023, renovation of Petrinja is still underway.

-September: King Petar Krešimir V. and Prime Minister Željko Goldberg both catch COVID-19; Both recovered without consequences.

•2021.
-Details of Project Nucleus and Project Fortuna are released to the public, officially re-confirming Kingdom of Croatia's status of the nuclear power which renews Russia's tensions with Kingdom of Croatia.

-Call Of Duty: Vanguard by Infinity Ward and Activision becomes the first video game to depict World War 2 in Kingdom of Croatia, more specifically, Operation God's Wrath. However, depiction of the operation was criticized as historically inaccurate due to not focusing on Croatian, Serbian and Hungarian defenders of the city, instead depicting the operation as having been majorly orchestrated by the American, Soviet and British military whose elite operatives were crucial in liberation of the city whereas in reality, Operation God's Wrath and following Battle Of Zagreb was fully planned, organized and executed by Southern Allies with minimal involvement of the western powers; Due to this depiction of Seige of Zagreb which was described as "mockery" by both Croatian reviewers and historians, Call Of Duty: Vanguard narrowly avoided being banned by CMRB for offensive depiction of Kingdom of Croatia after Croatian Gaming Guild and IGN argued that the game was never intended to be an accurate depiction of World War 2.

-November: Russian military build-up starts along Russo-Ukrainian border; Anticipating the escalation of Russo-Ukrainian War, Petar Krešimir V., with the support of Sabor, commissions the restart of Croatian nuclear program for the first time since 1977; Project Divine Arrow (Projekt Božja Striela) is launched to create intercontinental ballistic missiles meant to be used as a last resort against Russia or China should Russo-Ukrainian War escalate into a global conflict.

•2022.
-January: State of epidemic is lifted in Kingdom of Croatia.

-February 24th: Russian soldiers enter Ukrainian territory; Russian invasion of Ukraine begins. Kingdom of Croatia joins the rest of NATO and European Union in condemnation of invasion while also secretly intensifying the work on Project Divine Arrow and openly helping Ukrainian military by sending its surplus weaponry and military advisors (so-called "observers"); Russian Federation starts to single Kingdom of Croatia out and threaten it with retalliation unless it stops supporting Ukrainian resistance; Kingdom of Croatia responds by claiming that any attack against Croatia would mean an end of human civillization, alluding to its own nuclear capability and long-standing affiliation with NATO; Over 20,000 Ukraininan war refugees relocated to Kingdom of Croatia by 2023 out of whom 7,000 applied for Croatian citizenship.

-Kuna Automobili introduces Kuna Tornado, a concept supercar which becomes the fastest car in the world.

-Croatian Royal Air Corps are expanded into space force.

•2023.
-First Divine Arrow ICBMs are produced and placed in underground silos throughout Kingdom of Croatia; CEAS System is reactivated, upgraded and integrated into control network for the ICBMs.

-Croatian yearly GDP reaches $1 trillion for the first time.

-Bomb shelters and bunkers built in Kingdom of Croatia during 1970s are refurbished and restocked as per orders of Sabor and additional bunkers are built in all major Croatian cities; Public opinion on this move is divided with some praising it as preparedness while others consider it to be unnecessary paranoia.

-May 11th: COVID-19 Pandemic ends.

-June: CRO-UI, Croatian-made AI learning model and contender to Chat GPT, is launched by SRCE Computing Company.

-July: Large celebrations are held throughout Kingdom of Croatia to commemorate 200th anniversary of founding of Croatian Royal Navy; Italian, Spanish and French military naval vessels are sent to Croatian Adriatic as a sign of solidarity with Kingdom of Croatia.

-August 1st: First Croatian military satellite, "Oko 1" (Eye 1) is unveiled to the public; Launch is schedueled for February 2024.

-October: Hamas-Israel War breaks out; Kingdom of Croatia pledges to help Israel and sends its military advisors to reinforce IDF troops; Reports of CRATO's 42nd Brigade being involved in Israeli breakthrough into Gaza remain unconfirmed.

-November 18th: Kingdom of Croatia openly supports Israel's actions against Hamas fighters and refuses to comment on allegations of Israeli attacks on the Palestinian civillians in the spite of other members of European Union criticizing Israel's attacks against the civillians; Human Rights Watch severely criticizes Croatian government, stating that "Croatia is on the wrong side of history due to its blatant support of genocide".

-December 23rd: Pro-Palestinian protest is organized on Zagreb's Monarchy Square by Muslims from Western Bosnia, attracting over 30,000 people; Protest is supported by Croatian Muslim Organization and Bosnian Sovereignity League and denounced by ruling centre-left government of Purple Coalition made up of Croatian Union of Socialdemocrats and Croatian Democratic Union who accused BSL of using pro-Palestinian platform to try and secede from Croatia; Three protesters were also arrested after trying to damage the sculpture of Tomislav III. during the protest.

 

[TimTurner]

Good work. Watched.

 

[Evil Crusader]

Must have been tough, winning every dice roll.

 

[Tibi088]

•1705.
-Austrian Emperor Leopold I. dies; Croatian rebellion spreads onto western Slavs (Slovaks and Czechs) and Hungarians who demand greater autonomy for their respective realms, turning it into a larger uprising to which Habsburgs remain incapable of responding effectively due to the ongoing war of Spanish succession. Habsburgs' attempts to crush the rebellion also backfire due to massive revolts in Croatian Military Frontier whose garrisons opt to fight alongside the rebels, turning rebellion into a grueling, protracted war between ethnic Croats, Hungarians, Western Slavs and Austrians.

The problem with this is that in 1705 Hungary already was - and has been for years - in revolt.

The Rákóczi rebellion from 1703-11:

Rákóczi's War of Independence - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Nationalistic aims are I think anachronistic for a rebellion in 1705. In Hungary one of the main reasons for the rebellion was that the Habsburgs after liberation of Hungary decided to make as much money of it as possible. As part of that they only gave back the noble estates that were located on the territories formerly occupied by the ottomans in exchange of payments which greatly angered the hungarian nobility. Maybe something similar could cause trouble in Croatia (or the newly established Military Frontier) and the two rebel groups coulf end up cooperating?

 

[Historymaster]

Nice Timeline but I would have death penalty abolished, Croatia is a catholic country and abolitionism is strong in such countries.