The Ruins of an American Party System: From 1920 Onward

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...wow. Strong update.

I share Cylon_Number_14's praise for Olson not being the Progressive Mary Sue Who Was Promised to bring True Socialism/Social Democracy/Leftism to America, as well as for showing just how fucked up the country would have to be in the 1930s to turn in that direction and also that such radical changes would result in an extreme backlash.

Also, I'm always fond of seeing Minnesota having a POTUS (except Michelle Bachmann) in TLs since we haven't had one yet, so kudos for using Olson.
 
I'm still cautiously hopeful for America under Floyd Olsen. The big question in the end is how big of a fiscal/monetary stimulus he was able to get.

My ideal scenario at the moment (which I know isn't going to happen) is that Olsen gets the stimulus amount he asks for, economy recovers greatly (let's say to 10% unemployment) by 1936, Olsen becomes unpopular due to extreme overreach, and a more moderate Progressive primaries him and wins in 1936 under the promise of continuing Olsen's economic stimulus policies with more reasonable treatment of opposition/constructive engagement/etc.
 
I'm still cautiously hopeful for America under Floyd Olsen. The big question in the end is how big of a fiscal/monetary stimulus he was able to get.

My ideal scenario at the moment (which I know isn't going to happen) is that Olsen gets the stimulus amount he asks for, economy recovers greatly (let's say to 10% unemployment) by 1936, Olsen becomes unpopular due to extreme overreach, and a more moderate Progressive primaries him and wins in 1936 under the promise of continuing Olsen's economic stimulus policies with more reasonable treatment of opposition/constructive engagement/etc.

How moderate is La Guardia? If Olsen dies as per OTL, then he's up to the plate in time for the 1936 election. As a Pro-New Deal Republican he does seem the type to be able to work with Congress...as long as he gets more power for himself in exchange.
 
How moderate is La Guardia? If Olsen dies as per OTL, then he's up to the plate in time for the 1936 election. As a Pro-New Deal Republican he does seem the type to be able to work with Congress...as long as he gets more power for himself in exchange.

If Olson is the left side of the Progressive Party, and Borah was the right, then La Guardia would probably fall into the middle. On the authoritarian scale, he's less authoritarian than Olson and certainly Long, though still pretty authoritarian himself.
 
And how! I'm not sure how this massacre will affect the rest of the country, other than continuing the nationwide psychological malaise and delivering even more harm to the overall reputation of the South, as a land of crazy violent racists.
Although, even though Galahad College was in the South, Pelley himself was from New England, and only recently moved to the South, and a majority of the Silver Shirts, both in general and at Galahad with Pelley were not Southerners.
 
Although, even though Galahad College was in the South, Pelley himself was from New England, and only recently moved to the South, and a majority of the Silver Shirts, both in general and at Galahad with Pelley were not Southerners.

Mere details won't stand in the way of my (ITTL) preconceptions! :p
 
"Is this my fault?"

"How can it be? You didn' kidnap those people. You didn' pour gas down the sides of a buildin' and light it on fire. It was that bigoted madman, and his freakish cult. You know that."

"I sometimes wonder... If only my rhetoric were less severe... or if it was a moderate like Borah in office... maybe they would not have been driven to such extremes. Maybe..."

"Madness ain't going to be swayed by rhetoric or policy. They'd've found some conspiracy theory 'round Borah as sure as Hell as they cooked up around you. They'd've struck against him, and forced him to respond jus' like you did. It would all have gone the same. If either of us is to blame, it's me. I could've crushed them bastards earlier, but I didn't. I should've. I want to make it up to you and the nation. Please, let me."

"People are rallying against the South, even though Pelley was from Massachusetts. I don't know if putting a Southerner, even one as left-wing as you, as the front man for the anti-extremism efforts, will go down well."

"Y'all up North have always stared down at us, callin' us racist hicks. Well, I ain't racist - Lord knows how much I despise having to call for 'separate but equal' to avoid bein' lynched - but I am a hick. I was born in rural Louisiana. I am one of them. If you send some yankee down to deal justice, they'll call it Reconstruction number two and rally against you. You will fail like Miller. Send me. They can't stand up to another Southern man. The nation will see, not the enlightened North teachin' the Southern hicks a lesson, but a good old Southern boy cleanin' his home. And I'll clean it as sure as the sun'll rise. You gotta fight fire with fire. I'll burn those bastards out of the South, the North, the West. I'll drag them to the gates of Hell."

"So be it."

~~~~~

The American psyche had been slowly collapsing for around a decade. Violence, racism, and depression plagued the nation. And right as things seemed to be looking up, right as the economy started recovering and the jobs began to return, Galahad happened. In future years, historians would claim that late July, 1933, marked the second lowest point in the American consciousness, behind February of 1932 alone.

Galahad would go down in history as the most significant single event of the 1930s in America. Within days, almost everyone in America had heard about it. Asheville went from being a relatively unknown city, to being more famous than any American city other than New York. Nearly everyone could name William Dudley Pelley. Polls in the following weeks identified him as America's most hated person of all time. Numerous sensationalist publications proclaimed him "The Most Evil Man In All History". Effigies were burned across the nation of Pelley and the red "L" which symbolized his movement. Lynch mobs arose, targeting suspected members of the Silver Legion in what became known as the "Silver Scare". Anyone who was suspected of having supported the Christian Party was fired from their jobs. Not even the American Employment Agency would hire them.

In the days following Galahad, all opposition to Floyd Olson on matters of internal security melted away. Both Houses of Congress quickly passed the Internal Security Act, which proclaimed that any crime done in an attempt to promote a political or social cause was deemed "rebellion", and therefore under Article I Section 9 of the Constitution grounds for the suspension of Habeas Corpus. The ISA expanded the Bureau of Investigation and renamed in the Federal Bureau of Investigation, granting it more power. It stated that individuals suspected of participating in domestic rebellion could be held without bail, and, if the Attorney General determined that they were a threat to National Security, they could be tried by a military tribunal instead of a regular court. The ISA created a system of secret courts designed solely to issue secret search warrants on suspected members or supporters of extremist paramilitary groups. Furthermore, it established that based on provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment, Section 3, that anyone who was arrested under suspicion for being involved in extremist paramilitary activity was to be removed from the ballot, and all write-in votes for them were to be discounted.

Attorney General Huey Long addressed the nation, vowing to crush all extremist forces that sought to topple the US government. Within weeks, he had destroyed the remnants of the far-right militias, aided by lynch mobs (who were pardoned by the President if it could be proven "with a preponderance of evidence" that their victim was a member of the Silver Legion). He also crushed various far-left anarchist groups. Huey Long went further than that, and proclaimed that anyone who had ever funded or supported known members of any far-right paramilitary group, including the old Ku Klux Klan, were henceforth also suspects. While shrewd enough to decline to purge any of the sitting members of Congress of the Democratic or Conservative Parties who had been former supporters of these groups, he used his power to arrest numerous lower officials of those parties across the South, seizing their partisan assets, and searching their records and party lists. While allowing the Representatives to stay in Congress and complain, Long damaged their party apparatus. He did not act against the Republicans in the North, for he knew that while Northern conservatives would accept his actions to crush "Southern racist hicks", they would stand against him if he attempted to crush them.

In following years, the term "Galahad Graduate" came to mean anyone who accepted a belief unquestionably. A memorial was constructed at the sight of Galahad Hall, to the 249 innocent victims killed there, as well as the 144 killed elsewhere in the city and the US by the Silver Shirts. No one knew how many Silver Shirts were killed in Asheville in general and in Galahad Hall in particular, but the number was believed to be close to a thousand. They were unmourned; those few "Galahad graduates" who survived the battle in Asheville were all executed. Anyone who spread crazed conspiracy theories that the whole operation was a false flag attack by Olson to gains support for the ISA was deemed to be spreading slander and/or libel, a crime, for the political cause of supporting an extremist paramilitary group, and thus under the ISA was deemed to be in unlawful insurrection and therefore arrested.
 
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I, for one, welcome our new Progressive overlords.

Ok, maybe not. How are the nine old men of the Supreme Court doing?
They are looking at this law with great alarm. But to get to them, it will have to work its way through the lower courts first, which will probably take at least a year, and the Attorney General feels that that should be enough time.
 
I wonder how authoritarian Olson can drive the US government before the moral panic subsides and people realise the ramifications of these security reforms.
 
Secretary of State Bullitt returned to America on October 24, 1933, exhausted but victorious. The French Prime Minister, Leon Blum, the leader of the new coalition called the Popular Front, Bullitt, and representatives of the USSR had met with the leaders of various factions in the German Civil War. The United States had been invited because they were a powerful nation, but one not involved in the conflict as of yet, unlike the Soviets and French, who were funding the Communists and Social Democrats respectively. President Olson was glad the US was invited; he was publicly opposed the Nazi Party, which accepted support from Silver Legion refugees from America, as well as the would-be-fascist-dictatorship of Schleicher. The three governments, all controlled by their country's left, determined that with the Nazis currently restricted to East Prussia, where Schleicher's counter-offensive had not reached as it would either require an amphibious landing or war with Poland, that Schleicher was the main threat to the global center-left.

Almost all of the French did support some degree of support for the anti-Schleicher forces in the civil war. The far left backed the Communists, the rest of the left backed the Social Democrats, and the right backed the Center Party. Even the far-right of France was opposed to the Imperials, due to their connections to the Kaiser and old hatred of Germany from the Great War. Already, the Social Democrats and Centrist forces were working together, but with the focus of the Empire swinging to the west and the left, it was clear that they wouldn't last long. Already, both of the Centrist parties were losing support to the Communists, whose radical rhetoric attracted a desperate people in the middle of a civil war. The Communist "Alliance of Red Front-Fighters", or Rotfrontkämpferbund, had grown to be far larger than the other two anti-right forces.

Thus, Moscow, which already supported the French Communists joining in the Popular Front to end the right-wing rule in France, felt confident that a Popular Front in Germany would work in their favor. Their suggestion was also approved by Olson and Bullitt, who were working to create diplomatic relations with the USSR, and hoped to eventually become allies against imperialism and the Right. Perhaps idealistically, they assumed that the Communists would keep their word to participate in the new republic after the war, and only try to gain power via free elections. The French government, realizing that a Communist-Social Democrat-Center Alliance would be a force with wide support throughout the country, backed the idea. As part of the Popular Front, they were used to working with the Communists, and concluded that they could indeed participate in civil democracy.

The German Communists hated the Social Democrats, still remembering how they had betrayed the Spartacus League in 1918. If given the choice, they would have refused to join with them in any league, even against Schleicher. But by now, the choice was not in Germany. Moscow made it clear that they wanted the alliance, and that if the German Communists refused to join in, they would be ejected from the Comintern and cut off from all support from any Communist Party in the world. The German Social Democrats hated the Communists, but, realizing that they were weak and would be crushed alone, and that joining the alliance was the only way to keep receiving aid from the French and maybe start receiving aid from the United States, they bitterly agreed. The Center Party now was isolated and alone. Most Centrists flat-out refused to join the alliance, and defected to various South German secessionist leagues, with Baden-Wurtemburg joining Bavaria in their attempt to leave the German Empire. Only a tiny rump Centrist Party remained. Completely surrounded by the Social Democrats and the Communists, they were forced to become the third arrow in the new "Iron Front".

245px-Eiserne_Front_Symbol.svg.png


Formed on October 22, the Iron Front was officially an equal alliance between the Centrists, Social Democrats, and Communists. Within a few months, it was clear that the Communists dominated the alliance, which was merely kept around for show and to gain wider support from Europe.
 
If the Iron Front wins, a communist coup is likely. If you remove Nazis and Schleicher military regime, you remove the only serious contenders. Centrists and Social Democrats were discredited and not up for this competition and in the best case scenario, it's a Prague Coup.

Also, the alliance with communists of moderates and the open (or barely hidden) support of Moscow and Washington DC (Olson's radicalism and Bullitt sympathy for USSR don't make things easier) would scare more than one nation in central Europe.
For one, Poland would grow paranoid and given that the old Pilsudski is still alive, the fear of communists could make them allying Schleicher, allowing German army to cross into East Prussia. Another possibility is that Poland accepts to quarantine Nazis (who are no longer the main threat and can be left aside for the time being) in East Prussia in order to allow Schleicher to turn on the Iron Front.
Mussolini's and Horthy's support are, I would think, guaranteed as Schleicher is the only figure palatable (Nazis are looking pretty much a lost cause).
Dollfuss would prefer a secure figure like Schleicher to the communist dominated Iron Front but could in the meantime play on several fronts, discretly supporting Bavarian separatists.

I think that much of central Europe would prefer the figure of von Schleicher for more or less the same reasons that Poland had. I imagine that Poland and Italy would end up supplying von Schleicher in war material, especially the weapons forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles.
When we look at what happened during the Spanish civil war, it is few likely that the Iron Front receives as much support from its backers as von Schleicher does, given the timorous attitude of France and UK which is not likely to change.
 
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