SUPREME COURT RULES THIRD PARTY RESTRICTIONS UNCONSTITUTIONAL FOR THE 2001 SPECIAL ELECTIONS
From: The Indianapolis Star
Published: April 26th 2001
In a unanimous decision, the freshly appointed Supreme Court has ruled that many restrictions on ballot entry for third parties were a violation of the First Amendment, but only for the 2001 special elections.
Chief Justice Janice Brown: “The 2001 special election cycle is irregular, and the result of an unprecedented tragedy. Consequently, no new party organizer could have been prepared to make arrangements for them, and many of these new laws unfairly burden them coming out of the gate. As such, regulations for ballot access should relate purely to the amount of popular support they have at the lowest reasonable threshold, without reference to arbitrary time restrictions, for these particular elections.”
Acknowledging that there is likely to be further litigation over this definition, Chief Justice Brown set the 'lowest reasonable threshold' for ballot access petitions at “no more than three percent of the total votes cast from the last House election if they didn't meet that last time”. This was thought to be too precise in the concurring opinions of Supreme Court Justices Alice Batchelder and Viet D. Dinh, thus having “the air of legislation”, despite both agreeing with the overall legal rationale.
[...]
NATIONAL UNION AND REFORM PARTIES ACHIEVE WIDESPREAD BALLOT ACCESS
From: The Washington Times
Published: May 2nd 2001
THE SECOND COMING OF NEWT GINGRICH
From: The Wall Street Journal
Published: May 11th 2001
He's back!
The unflappable Newt Gingrich has returned from a nearly two year sabbatical from politics to run in the 2001 elections.
“I hope this new chapter in American history will not only be marked by tragedy,” said a somber Gingrich to the press today, “and I think it will take someone who has extensive political experience to help marshal in the next generation of Congressmen. People like Senator Dole or Jack Kemp, who I hear is also running for the House, and, if the people of Georgia see to it, myself.”
OKLAHOMA BOMBING TERRORIST TIMOTHY MCVEIGH EXECUTED
From: USA Today
Published: May 16th 2001
TOP CONTRIBUTORS FOR THE NATIONAL UNION PARTY AND THE REFORM PARTY
From: Center For Responsive Politics
Published: May 17th 2001
The non-competitive promise made between both parties has become something of a third rail, if the heavy public backlash to the partisan appointments made to the Senate were any indication. Nonetheless, the Democratic Party is beginning to face competition from the National Union Party and the Reform Party, both of which have made no such pledges. As such they've received millions of dollars from donors that we've identified as solidly Republican in the previous election cycle. It's believed that the centrist posturing of these parties have made them especially attractive for contributors, while the Reform Party is more likely to receive donations from right-wing ideological hardliners. The Republican Party itself has wisely opted to not directly fund either party, and has continued to honor its commitment to its pledge.
Top 10 PAC Contributors
1. National Association of Realtors
2. National Auto Dealers Association
3. National Beer Wholesales Association
4. American Medical Association
5. National Association of Home Builders
6. United Parcel Service
7. Associated Builders and Contractors
8. Credit Union National Association
9. American Bankers Association
10. FedEx Corp
Top 10 Soft Money Contributors
1. Pharmaceutical Researchers and Manufacturers of America
2. Microsoft Corp
3. Freddie Mac
4. Philip Morris
5. American Financial Group
6. AT&T
7. Bristol-Myers Squibb
8. Pfizer
9. Ameriquest Capital
10. Enron
ANTHRAX LETTERS: “SECOND WAVE OF ATTACKS”
From: Chicago-Sun Times
Published: May 18th 2001
“The United States has experience a second wave of attacks from Al-Qaeda and their allies,” said President Donald Rumsfeld from the Oval Office today. “At least nineteen people have come down with infections from letters laced with anthrax, a deadly bacteria known to have been used in the Iraqi biological weapons program. They were addressed to our Senators, the members of our free press, and eventually claimed the lives of hard-working post workers who simply wanted to be able to feed their families.”
He paused for a few moments, before continuing with a voice of deeper resolve, “I thus strongly urge the United Nations to begin new weapons inspections in Iraq, to determine their role in this matter if any. Finally, I urge all Americans to have faith in their country, as the FBI and the CDC are doing everything in their power to bring these violent extremists to justice.”
STORMY UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL NEGOTIATIONS; FRANCE, CHINA, AND RUSSIA OPPOSE MILITARY INTERVENTION IN IRAQ
From: USA Today
Published: May 24th 2001
THE NEXT JAMES CAMERON? INSIDE THE MIND OF PEARL HARBOR'S MICHAEL BAY
From: Entertainment Weekly
Published: May 25th 2001
Almost overnight, Director Michael Bay has been catapulted to the highest echelons of Hollywood with his critically acclaimed box office monster, Pearl Harbor. He's taken the time out of his busy schedule to discuss the inspirations and techniques that have contributed to the resonance of this romantic and historical epic for our readers.
[…]
UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SPECIAL ELECTIONS, 2001
From: Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Published: Present Day
The 2001 United States House of Representatives special elections were mostly held on May 28th (Memorial Day), just 126 days after the Inaugural Attacks. In the latter event, thousands of people lost their lives, including the President and all 535 members of the Congress. The elections were thus overshadowed by the issue of terrorism, with a muted campaign atmosphere marked by mourning that inhibited negative campaigning or partisan debate, in favor of national unity themes. Nonetheless, an estimated $4.4 billion dollars was used to finance the candidates, the most spent on record for an off-year election and nearly two and a half times more than the amount spent in the 2000 congressional races.
Building upon the aforementioned theme of unity, the National Union Party was founded in a large rally at the National Mall on the fourth of April, with keynote speakers including Colin Powell and six sitting Senators from both established parties. The National Unionists often worked as blue-collar workers, pastors, or teachers and were typified as “Washington outsiders” with little prior political experience and thus no voting record or history of public statements aside from overtures of social conservatism and support of organized labor. They have been described as “nationalist”, “populist”, “producerist”, “Third Way” and as a “radical center” by various academics and news organizations. The Reform Party campaigned similarly, and aided by a new flow of funding from those who would have otherwise contributed to the Republican Party.
The results of the May 26th 2001 special elections were as follows:
(↓3) 218 Republicans
(↓64)148 Democrats
(↑44) 44 National Unionists
(↑25) 25 Reformists
The Democratic Party experienced the largest decrease in representation in the House since the elections of 1938, while the National Unionists and Reformists saw historically notable gains. The Republican Party possessed the slimmest majority maintained in the House of Representatives since the 72nd Congress of 1930. Nonetheless, Newt Gingrich (R-GA) was made the new Speaker of the House and Jack Kemp (R-NY) became the House Majority Leader.
The National Union and Reform Parties subsequently cooperated to propose a sizable number of reform proposals, including campaign finance reform, congressional term limits, a national initiative and referendum mechanism, abolition of the electoral college, minimum wage as congressional and presidential pay, among others. Almost all of these bills died in either House or Senatorial committees, and aside from those proposals the Reform Party almost always caucuses with the Republican Party, while the National Union Party consistently vote with Republicans on social issues (e.g. gun control and environmental legislation), and Democrats on certain economic issues (e.g. labor unions and corporate regulation).
House of Representatives party affiliations by congressional district:
Alabama
1: R, 2: R, 3: R, 4: R, 5: D, 6:R, 7: D
Alaska
At-large: R
Arizona (+2 Ref., -2 D)
1: Rf. (gain), 2:R, 3:R, 4:R, 5:R, 6:R, 7:Ref. (gain), 8:R
Arkansas (+1 Ref., -1 D)
1: D, 2: D, 3: R, 4: Ref. (gain)
California (+5 NU, -5 D)
1: D, 2: R, 3: R, 4: Republican, 5: D, 6: D, 7: D, 8: D, 9: D, 10: D, 11: R, 12: D, 13: D, 14: D, 15: D, 16: D, 17: D, 18: R(gain), 19: R, 20: D, 21: NU (gain), 22: R, 23: NU (gain), 24: R, 25: R, 26: R, 27: D, 28: D, 29: D, 30: D, 31: D, 32: D, 33: D, 34: D, 35: D, 36: D, 37: D, 38: D, 39: R, 40: R, 41: R, 42: R, 43: D, 44: R, 45: R, 46: R, 47: NU (gain), 48: R, 49: R, 50: R, 51: R(gain) 52: R, 53: D
Colorado (+1 NU, -1 D)
1: D, 2: D, 3: R, 4: R, 5: R, 6: R, 7: NU (gain)
Connecticut (-1 D)
1: D, 2: R, 3: D, 4: R, 5: R
Delaware
At-large: R
Florida (+4 Ref., -4 D)
1: R, 2: D, 3: Ref. (gain), 4: R, 5: Ref. (gain), 6: R, 7: R, 8: R, 9: R, 10: R, 11: D, 12: R, 13: R, 14: R, 15: R, 16: R, 17: D, 18: R, 19: D, 20: D, 21: R, 22: R, 23: D, 24: Ref. (gain), 25: Ref. (gain)
Georgia (+3 Ref., -1 R, -3 D)
1: R, 2: D, 3: R, 4: D, 5: D, 6: R, 7: R, 8: R, 9: R, 10: R, 11: Ref. (gain), 12: Ref. (gain), 13: Ref. (gain)
Hawaii
1: D, 2: D
Idaho
1: R, 2: R
Illinois
1: D, 2: D, 3: D, 4: D, 5: D, 6: R, 7: D, 8: R, 9: D, 10: R, 11: R, 12: D, 13: R, 14: R, 15: R, 16: R, 17: D, 18: R, 19: R
Indiana (+3 Ref., -3 D)
1: D, 2: Ref. (gain), 3: R, 4: R, 5: R, 6: R, 7: Ref. (gain), 8: R, 9: Ref. (gain)
Iowa
1: R, 2: R, 3: D, 4: R, 5:R
Kansas (+1 Ref., -1 D)
1: R, 2: R, 3: Ref. (gain), 4: R
Kentucky (+1 Ref., - 1 D)
1: R, 2: R, 3: R, 4: Ref. (gain), 5: R, 6: R
Louisiana
1: R, 2: D, 3: R,4: R, 5: R, 6: R, 7: D
Maine (+1 NU, -1 D)
1: D, 2: NU (gain)
Maryland
1: R, 2: R, 3: D, 4: D, 5: D, 6: R, 7: D, 8: R
Massachusetts
1: D, 2: D, 3: D, 4: D, 5: D, 6: D, 7: D, 8: D, 9: D, 10: D
Michigan (+2 NU, -3 D)
1: D, 2: R, 3: R, 4: R, 5: D, 6: R, 7: R, 8: R, 9: R, 10: NU (gain), 11: NU (gain), 12: D, 13: D, 14: D, 15: D
Minnesota (+ 1 Ref., -1 D)
1: R, 2: Ref. (gain), 3: R, 4: D, 5: D, 6:R, 7: D, 8: D
Mississippi (-1 D)
1: R, 2: D, 3: R, 4: D
Missouri (+1 Ref., -1 D)
1: D, 2: D, 3:Ref. (gain), 4: D, 5: D, 6: R, 7: R, 8: R, 9: R
Montana
At-large: R
Nebraska
1: R, 2: R, 3: R
Nevada (+2 NU, -2 D)
1: NU (gain), 2: R, 3: NU (gain)
New Hampshire
1: R, 2: R:
New Jersey
1: D, 2: R, 3: R, 4: R, 5: R, 6: D, 7: R, 8: D, 9: D, 10: D, 11: R, 12: D, 13: D
New Mexico
1: R, 2: R, 3: D
New York (+ 3 NU, -1 R, -1 D)
1: R, 2: NU (gain), 3: R, 4: NU (gain), 5: D, 6: D, 7: D, 8: D, 9: D, 10: D, 11: D, 12: D, 13: R, 14: D, 15: D, 16: D, 17: D, 18: D, 19: R, 20: R, 21: D, 22: D, 23: R, 24: R, 25: R, 26: R, 27: R, 28: R, 29: R
North Carolina (+1 Ref., -1 D)
1: D, 2: D, 3: R, 4: D, 5: R, 6: R, 7: D, 8: R, 9: R, 10: R, 11: R, 12: D, 13: Ref. (gain)
North Dakota (+1 NU, -1 D)
At-large: NU (gain)
Ohio (+2 Ref., +1 NU, -4 D)
1: R, 2: R, 3: NU (gain), 4: R, 5: R, 6: Ref. (gain), 7: R, 8: R, 9: D, 10: D, 11: D, 12: R, 13: D, 14: R, 15: R, 16: R 17: Ref. (gain), 18: R
-1 D
Oklahoma (+1 NU, -1 R)
1: R, 2: NU (gain), 3: R, 4: R
-1 R
Oregon
1: D, 2: R, 3: D, 4: D, 5: D
Pennsylvania (+ 4 NU, -6 D)
1: D, 2: D, 3: R, 4: R, 5: R, 6: NU (gain), 7: R, 8: R, 9: R, 10: R, 11: NU (gain), 12: D, 13: NU (gain), 14: D, 15: R, 16: R, 17: NU (gain), 18: NU (gain), 19: R
-2 D
Rhode Island
1: D, 2: D
South Carolina
1: R, 2: R, 3: R, 4: R, 5: D, 6: D
South Dakota
At-large: R
Tennessee (+1 Ref., -1 D)
1: R, 2: R, 3: R, 4: R, 5: Ref. (gain), 6: D, 7: R, 8: D, 9: D
Texas (+ 4 Ref., +5 NU)
1: Ref. (gain), 2: NU (gain), 3: R, 4: NU (gain), 5: Ref. (gain), 6: R, 7: R, 8: R, 9: NU (gain), 10: D, 11: NU (gain), 12: R, 13:R, 14: R, 15: D, 16: D, 17: Ref. (gain), 18: D, 19: R, 20: D, 21: R, 22: R, 23: R, 24: D, 25: NU (gain), 26: R, 27: D, 28: D, 29: D, 30: D, 31: Ref. (gain), 32: R
Utah:
1: R, 2: D, 3: R
Vermont (+1 D, -1 I)
At-large: D (gain)
Virginia (+2 NU, -1 I, -1 D)
1: R, 2: R, 3: D, 4:R, 5: NU (gain), 6: R, 7: R, 8: NU (gain), 9: D, 10: R, 11: R
Washington (+ 4 NU, -4 D)
1: NU (gain), 2: NU (gain), 3: D, 4: R, 5: R, 6: D, 7: D, 8: NU (gain), 9: NU (gain)
West Virginia
1: D, 2: R, 3: D
Wisconsin
1: R, 2: D, 3: D, 4: D, 5: R, 6: R, 7: D, 8: R
Wyoming
At-large: R