The British suffered some near misses from torpedoes at Jutland that could have been quite painful. The POD is that Lady Luck is not so kind to the British and the near misses turn into hits.
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List of near-misses for British at Jutland:
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1) Torpedo hit but did not explode on Revenge (Robert K. Massie, Castles of Steel, pg. 623), one passed ten yards before bow and another twenty from stern (Massie, 630; V.E. Tarrant, Jutland: The German Perspective, pg. 167).
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All three successfully hit and detonate. Revenge sunk.
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2) Marlborough would have been hit stern if helm not swinging and one passed under the ship but went too deep (Massie, 629-30; Tarrant, 167)
Marlborough already had one torpedo hit, either from Wiesbaden or V-48 which caused a 7 degree list and slowed her to 17 knots. (Arthur Marder, Jutland and After, Vol. 3, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, pg. 123)
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Assume one hits in addition to earlier torpedo hit. Marlborough sinks.
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3) Agincourt had one pass port and another starboard (Massie, 630)
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One torpedo hits. Agincourt moderately damaged.
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4) Neptune was pursued by one, either deflected by prop wash or ran out of fuel (Massie, 630, Tarrant, pg. 155)
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Torpedo hits. Neptune heavily damaged.
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5) One torpedo passed between Thunderer and Iron Duke (Tarrant, pg. 167).
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Torpedo hits Thunderer and inflicts moderate damage.
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6) U-51 attacked Warspite on morning of June 1 without destroyer screen.
She tried to fire two torpedoes but one never launched and the other broke surface, warning Warspite so she can dodge. U-51 did not pursue as she misidentified her as a pre-dreadnought Canopus class (Tarrant, pg. 243).
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U-51 has better luck and manages to sink the damaged Warspite.
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7) Bauer, the U-boat leader, ordered U-32 and U-24 to stay out an extra day and to change patrols from Firth of Forth to the Tyne mouth to intercept damaged British warships. U-70 did not receive the order because it was attacked and forced to dive repeatedly and so left on June 1 per its original orders. Thus Beatty was able to return without any trouble (Tarrant, pg. 244-45).
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The order to stay an extra day gets received by at least two of the three subs but are not transferred to the Tyne. One of them is able to put a torpedo into Tiger and sink her.
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8) U-43 and U-44 were stationed off the Pentland Firth approach to Scapa Flow. U-43 never received the order to stay out an extra day and returned before Jellicoe arrived. U-44 did stay but rough weather prevented any attack (Tarrant, pg. 245).
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Both U-boats receive the order to stay out and the weather is more cooperative. One of them is able to put a torpedo into the Orion for moderate damage.
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So in addition to the OTL losses the British have lost three battleships and one battle cruiser and have four battleships damaged. German losses are the same as OTL as Scheer is still able to slip behind Jellicoe and makes it home.
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How does this affect the future course of the naval war, particularly considering that U-boats were responsible for sinking one battleship and battlecruiser and damaging another battleship?