I've been on a long absence as I have had to prepare for graduate school. Now that I am (mostly) settled, let us conclude the Hearst story.
San Francisco Journal
March 10, 2004
Patty Hearst? Kidnapped or Collaborator? Brainwashed or Traitor? The Hearst Scandal Revisited. (Part 3)
Upon her return to US shores in 1976, Patty Hearst had immediately detained by Florida police, and subjected to a wave of condemnation and criticism in the UASR. Some extremist newspapers, chaired by Cuban exile groups, demanded her immediate her execution for treason.
At what was described as a harsh interrogation, and in her 1983 autobiography, Hearst painted a horrific tale of kidnapping and brainwashing at the hands of corrupt capitalists, which has become the accepted events in the UASR.
In 1973, she claimed that after leaving the stall of her bathroom, she was attacked from behind. Despite putting up a harsh fight against her assailant, Hearst was chloroformed. When she woke up nearly 2 days later, she found herself in a blank prison cell.
"It was dark, and I panicked, briefly thinking I was caught up in some sex-trafficking ring," Hearst wrote. When she came to, two people, a tall, blond woman (called Allison) and a short, fat man (called Roger) in a coat came in.
"They told me," Patricia wrote, "that I was back in Cuba, where I would be return to my proper family."
Hearst screamed and yelled that she did not want to go back to America. Her captors, they said, smiled a condescending smile.
"They treated me like some stupid child who said I didn't know my place," Hearst wrote.
What followed, according to Hearst, was two months of psychological conditioning. Her captors were dedicated into making her into a proper, loyal member of the Cuban upper-class. She would received a mixture of etiquette training and propaganda about life in Cuban.
"The first part of the day, I had to learn how to curtsy and hold my cup like some English snob," Hearst wrote, "the next part of the day, they made me watch these dumb propaganda movies, showing how great life in Cuba is, how native Cubans love being under the control of American exiles, and how dark and twisted the Reds are."
When she rejected her "etiquette lessons," and disregarded the propaganda, she was given severe punishment.
"Sometimes they would beat me on the shins. Other times, they would leave me with no food for two days," Patty said.
A month into her kidnapping, after apparently smashing her television, she was subjected to a particularly harsh punishment: she was dragged by her hair, and forced into solitary confinement [1], and given scant food. The two week long period of isolation and deprivation, more than anything, was what broke her will.
"They got what they wanted from me: an empty shell they could mold," wrote Hearst.
Hearst mentally surrendered to her captors, and more easily accepted the propaganda.
"They trained me to only care about two things: my appearance and clothes," Hearst said.
On February 10, 1974, she woke up, and instead of meeting her captors, she was met by a well dressed man.
"I didn't now what to expect, but suddenly, the man gave me a big hug," Hearst said, "and told me he was happy to meet me!"
The man was William Hearst Jr, her uncle who, unlike her father, had followed most of his family to Cuba. After the elder Hearst's death
"He told me I would no longer suffer Red oppression, and that I would live with my true family," Hearst said. After months of torture, Hearst indeed felt she had been "oppressed".
Hearst Jr and Patty went into a limo, and drove to a palatial mansion. After months of psychological conditioning, she cried tears of joy over the sight.
"I honestly believed that this is what I wanted, that this was the thing that was missing in my life," Hearst wrote.
Hearst's two years in Cuba were described as a period of vapid decadence and sloth:
luxurious breakfasts that could feed up to a family of five, parties that would have made the French monarchs croak in disgust, shopping trips that consumed the budgets of hundreds of families, vacations around the world, jetsetting with numerous celebrities, and luxury cars.
"I was Marie Antoinette," Hearst wrote ,"I lived surrounded by luxury."
In this world of wealth and power, she found very little love, even among supposed siblings and friends.
"In the capitalist world, even so-called personal relations were treated as competitions," Hearst wrote ,"my so-called gal pal Georgina would always try to come out superior in our so-called friendship moments." Hearst often found herself taking morphine and other drugs to cope with the emptiness of her life.
The closest person she felt to in her time in Cuba was her "Uncle Willie", but even then, his outlook was skewed by a somewhat conservative mindset.
"I honestly felt Willie liked me," Hearst wrote, "he would hug me when I was sad, but he still felt that wealth was somehow a cure for loneliness, and that I was better off with a man in my life."
What ultimately prompted Hearst to return home was her Uncle arranging her to marry Rodger Jennings, the son of one of his business associates. Jennings was a true misogynist, who often behaved as if the world owed him everything.
"He would bump into servants because he expected them to get out of his way," Hearst wrote, "but it is important to remember that this attitude exists within all capitalists. Rodger was just this attitude brought to a logical conclusion."
According to Hearst sense of over-entitlement extended to his treatment of woman.
"He would grope the maids when no one thought he was looking, and he was always staring at the chests of other girls," Hearst wrote.
During their third dinner date, Hearst claims that the drunken Jennings tried to tear Hearst's dress off and force himself onto her. It was her military training, which laid dormant in Hearst, that saved her from sexual assault. But it was Uncle Willie's nonchalance at the whole thing that broke the camel's back.
"Uncle Willie just didn't seem to care," Hearst wrote. "He seemed to treat that boar like some inconvenience. Either that, or again, he didn't care what I would go throw. Even if he did like me, I was a tool for greater glory first."
This fact prompted her to flee back to America. Pretending she was going on a trip to the beach with her friends, she managed to sneak her way to a raft with Cuban refugees and row to America.
In an instant, Hearst's story turned her from an object of anger to an object of public sympathy. After a period of debriefing and trial, Hearst was acquitted by the court on May 10, 1976. Hearst, exhausted by her experiences, entered teaching, and wrote a book about her experiences that was published in 1980, and adapted to a TV movie in 1985.
Conflicting Claims
While the British government did push for an investigation into Hearst's claim, the breakdown of inter-bloc relations in the late 1970s forestalled any attempt to corroborate Hearst's claims, or find any involvement of the Havana government in Hearst's kidnapping and supposed torture, but in recent years, a rumor mill has sprung up challenging Hearst's claims.
Members of the Hearst family have denied any role in her kidnapping, asserting that as far as they knew, Hearst wanted to be in Cuba, and have also denied Hearst's claims of their spoiled behavior. Hearst herself believes that some of her more opportunistic members have had a hand in her role, but doubts Uncle Willie may have been the perpetrator.
Several books have popped up, either challenging Hearst's claim, or accusing the Cuban government of kidnapping and brainwashing American girls for the sake of propaganda, or even the Hearst family being the ones who orchestrated the kidnapping. The Cuban government itself has long denied that it orchestrated any kidnapping attempt.
One of the most prominent of these counterclaims was a 1991 book published by Eduardo Perez, a former servant of the Hearst family, who immigrated to the UK. He asserts that Hearst had defected, not to escape an arranged marriage, but because she her Uncle had denied her a shopping trip, and that her return to America was the act of a spoiled child throwing a tantrum. This theory is prominent among right-wing Cubans, who often deny many of Hearst's claims, and accuse her of being a "capricious red girl."
Precluding a greater improvement in relations, and greater openness by the Havana government, any certainty about the Hearst scandal will not be resolved in the near future.