'Someone must be the bloodhound. I won't shirk the responsibility.'
~ Gustav Noske
Ernst Mehr tapped impatiently trying to avoid the faces of the assembled group of high profile figures from within the United Front.
They sat amidst an uncomfortable silence in one of the meeting rooms of the Hotel Furst Bismarck waiting for the visitor. The hotel that made up the United Front headquarters had survived most of the damage from the fires but many of the windows had been blown out, leaving the boiler struggling to cope. Then again if it had been any warmer the ripe smell amongst people who hadn’t washed properly in weeks likely would have been more apparent. At any rate, the plan wasn’t to give their visitor a warm reception.
After months of conflict, the Third Reich which had been unleashed upon them was now coming cap in hand with an offer of peace. What they had heard from the delegation seemed off, for one thing it contained Reichswehr personnel but no Blackshirts, nor did they refer to themselves as the Third Reich according to those People’s Guard units who had received them under a white flag. Most bizarrely they were being led by Gustav Noske, the former Social Democrat President of the State of Hanover who had disappeared in the early days of Von Schleiccher’s coup, the man Ernst had served under when Noske had been defence minister and Ernst had merely been an aide in the early days of the republic.
What was even more incredible was Noske claiming to be Chancellor of a new transitional authority. It had been suspected he had thrown in his lot with Von Schleicher since his disappearance, his fanatical anti-communism had never been tempered, but this was something else entirely. If it hadn’t been for the profile of the delegation’s leader, or the sheer curiosity of it, they might not have been given a hearing at all. Not everyone in the room wanted peace.
Those among him were ostensibly his allies but Ernst would have considered himself closer to Noske before the civil war had broken out. The man was a committed social democrat but he was not romantic about it and he had had no time for permitting the sort of Bolshevik terror that had broken out in Russia if such elements could not be reasoned with. Now here Ernst was making common cause with Hitler and Munzenburg and Noske was calling as the official representative of the Third Reich, or what was left of it . The chancellor no less.
Of the others within the room Ernst could imagine Otto Braun, the Minister-President of Prussia until he had been forced to flee to Hamburg and Otto Wels, the Chairman of the Social Democrats, were both feeling similar discomfort. The same could probably be said for Hans Bockler who had had his own struggles against Communists within the Trade Union movement before the KPD under Brandler had switched to a more conciliatory approach.
On the other hand Bockler’s fellow trade unionist was even more radical than Hitler, he was no friend of Noske, neither were the other two Social Democrats who had done well out of the United Front. Erich Zeigner had been arrested for trying to establish a government with Communists during the years of hyperinflation, an act Noske had supported. Paul Levi had seen the direct results of Noske’s ire during the Spartacist Revolt. These men now shared equal weight with the established leadership of the SPD. It was funny how circumstances could cause power to shift, then again Ernst could have been forced to admit he was likely here only as a moderating force rather than due to his seniority.
All now sat looking equally uncomfortable with Ernst trying to read the room to see how this would play out. Not just in terms of what Noske would have to say but how those assembled would individually react to it.
When Noske finally entered he did so alone, having been wise enough to leave his Reichswehr companions outside. With the United Front sitting together around the large table in the middle of the meeting room Noske standing at the door made it look like he might be here for an interview. Granted he was doing so in a way, there wasn’t much chance of him becoming Chancellor if those around the table decided not to recognise him as such.
Even with that in mind he hadn’t come cap in hand. Despite the man’s greying hair and aged face since the time he had declared himself willing to be the bloodhound against the Spartacists he still struck an imposing figure. Despite his tailored suit and trimmed moustache he looked like he could not only handle himself in a street brawl but was ready for one.
And so, it seemed, was Hitler.
“Ah, so the prodigal son returns! Ready to join the workers at last Noske?” The Communist leader’s sardonic greeting did nothing to reduce the tension in the room.
“I’ve been fighting for the German worker since you were painting keepsakes for Viennese tourists, Herr Hitler. Life might send us down strange paths but I’ll ask you to remember that.” Noske replied wearily, as if being accosted by a small but angry dog.
“You murdered Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, Eugene Levine and countless other revolutionary heroes. Now you think you can lecture me about your service to the working class?”
Noske merely sighed.
“Perhaps those who are unwilling to talk peace should be excused?” He proposed.
“No Noske, we won’t be doing that,” Paul Levi interjected, “this is the United Front, and here we discuss the issues openly. You are here with something to say and we are all listening,” he looked to Hitler who sat there glaring but silent. The Communist General Secretary muttered about traps and betrayal under his breath, more pungent than usual. But other than that he complied.
”, so I suggest you start talking.”
“Excellent.” Noske looked somewhat relieved as he went on.
“I am here in my role of Chancellor in the new transitional government currently based in Stettin. In this regard I am working with General Hans Von Seeckt who was rallied patriotic elements of the Reichswehr to the new authority in the hopes of restoring sanity after so many were deceived by General Kurt Von Schleicher and Crown Prince Wilhelhm of the House of Hohenzollern. Von Schleicher has resigned in his role as Chancellor and has handed over power to myself. He is now in our custody. Von Seeckt is currently headed to Berlin to deal with the Crown Prince. The Third Reich is coming to an end and now so too must this war.”
Noske did not place any emphasis on the magnitude of this news but the enormity of it sank in all the same. Even Hitler had stopped muttering. It was in fact Willie Munzenburg who was the first to react.
“I’m sure there are some of us at this table, Herr Noske, who can’t help but fear this is an attempt to pool the wool over our eyes in the wake of the success of the People’s Guard. Surely you understand how this could come across as the Third Reich applying a new coat of paint to itself in order to fight another day.”
“You are all intelligent people, I wouldn’t expect you not to have your suspicions of my coming here but that is why I am also willing to offer certain assurances in exchange for your agreement to a truce and the recognition of my new, temporary government..”
Noske waited for a response but it seemed he still commanded the room’s curiosity.
“The first is perhaps the most important. My government will hold State, Reichstag and Presidential elections within eight weeks of your agreement to this proposal. If in such a time the forces loyal to the Crown Prince have not been brought to heel I will resign and designate my successor to be chosen amongst yourselves. Secondly the People’s Guard will not be expected to disarm for the duration of this period. It will remain in control of the territory it currently holds with the exception of opening the frontlines for necessary communications and supplies. The Reichswehr will, however, be disarmed. The moment the Crown Prince has been dealt with.”
Hitler snorted at this.
“You can disband the Reichswehr immediately, we’re more than capable of dealing with the Blackshirts.”
“We are confident Von Seeckt’s Reichswehr can bring the Crown Prince to a peaceful settlement in a way that the People’s Guard would likely not be able to.” Noske replied.
“You’re not offering him a truce as well are you?” The sarcasm had drained from Hitler’s voice. Perhaps, Ernst thought, that meant progress.
No, the Volkisch Bund, German National People’s Party, and affiliate organisations are to be disbanded for treasonous activities. We believe the truce with the United Front will be enough to bring the Crown Prince to his senses and his followers with him. To seek clemency rather than a fight to the bitter end. We feel that would be better coming from a general he served with in the world war rather than a Marxist coalition. Wouldn’t you all agree?”
There was a mumbling assent across the table, barring one.
“That way we hope we can stick to the eight week period and hold elections next February. Thereafter a new government can be formed to go forward in the name of reconstruction and reconciliation.
“Reconciliation!” Hitler scoffed. “Our forces stuck whilst yours bury the hatchet with the Blackshirts and pounce, more like.”
“We are going to propose inviting the League of Nations to inspect both of our forces for the duration of the truce and also to monitor the election.” Nosked added, rather than directly engaging with Hitler’s derision.
“The League of Nations? An invention of international finance if there ever was one!” Hitler went to go on before Munzenburg interrupted him.
“Perhaps we should discuss this amongst ourselves before giving an answer.” Ernst expressed the relief of much of the rest of the group in agreeing to the Communist’s request. Hitler, outnumbered, also nodded quietly.
“Of course,” Noske replied, showing himself out, “although I would emphasise that time is of the essence.”
The United Front was alone with itself in the room again.
“I don’t trust him. I know many of you regard him as a Comrade but he’s been involved in far too much reactionary bloodshed for that to be the case for any Communist.” Munzenburg elaborated confidentially.
“I wouldn’t expect you to trust him,” Otto Wels replied, “but the man has never been duplicitous. Even when that led to bloodshed.”
“I would rely on him to keep Von Seeckt in check.” Otto Bauer added.
“We don’t need anyone to keep the Reichswehr in check for us. We’re winning.” Hitler emphasised, exasperated
“We are winning and we should take this opportunity while we’re ahead. To continue the war now would mean pausing over the winter if I’m not correct, and all the suffering that will cause the German worker entailed. And during that time Von Seeckt could reinvigorate the Reichswehr or get the international community on his side by pointing out that he offered peace. We might end up having a less fortunate agreement imposed on us by the French or the British.
Hiler didn’t respond. Ernst guessed the man would happily go underground again if that’s what it took to ensure final victory but he could read the room and was canny enough to realise that wasn’t the general mood and that it was the United Front that had got them this close to victory. Even if Hitler had helped to mould the alliance breaking it would not help.
“At any rate, his proposal does offer some powerful checks on any duplicity,” Paul Levi commented, before staring at Hitler, “provided we remain united.”
“The league of nations…” Hitler murmured, before being cut off.
“The league of nations is an incoherent mess,” Erich Zeigner seemed to want to reassure Hitler, even by interrupting him. “It can react, that's about it. I think to echo what Comrade Levi said, any conspiracy from them we can be wise to. If we stick together.”
Munzenburg, at least, seemed satisfied with that.
“I certainly can’t trust Noske but I believe we have established a good working relationship amongst ourselves in the face of our common enemy. We have gained this peace by working together and we can maintain it by working together. I say we accept, provisional on Noske and Von Seeckts good behaviour.” His optimism got the assembled members slapping their hands on the table.
Hitler fidgeted uncomfortably before speaking again at last
“Very well, I’ll concede we have proven how strong we are when we are united. In the name of unity we will see how this plays out. On the agreement that we will not shirk from our responsibility to take up arms once more if we are betrayed.”
With that there was more banging on the table and each man affirmed. The United Front would take the peace. And remain united throughout it. The assembled delegates began to leave to spread the good news not only to Noske, but to their individual factions.
Ernst’s relief at said good news soon became heightened anxiety when walking out of the room. Wels was already passing on the news to Noske but the old man looked at him departing and winked.
Ernst dwelled upon his own future at that moment.
If the United Front was to survive the civil war, he would have to find a way of getting out as quickly as possible. He wondered if Noske had any spaces open in this new government of his.
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The photomontage is
Heads of State by Hannah Hoch.
Noske made the infamous 'bloodhound' comment upon becoming defence minister in 1919. It became his nickname thereafter.