Due to real life events, I have been delayed on writing a new update...
But here it is:
May God have mercy on my enemies, because I won't...
-General George Patton
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The Not So Forgotten War: A History of the Continuation War (Second Korean War)
By Historian David Kim
Chapter 6: Hammers and Anvils, "Operation Miracle"
One of the major counterattacks against the North Koreans in the Continuation War was "Operation Miracle," a surprise attack to catch the North Korean soldiers in the city of Paju off guard. Similar to the Inchon Landings and the Battle of Seoul in the First Korean War, the operation was devised to strike at the rear of the North Korean troops using amphibious ships on the Han River and a massed counter offensive in the east to liberate Paju. Due to this, the arrival of the 1st Army Corps, 8th Army Corps, and 2nd Marines Corps was hastened, resulting in the final preparations being made 2 days early, on August 13th instead of the planned August 15th. Thus, the operation began in the evening of the 16th to catch the North Korean positions off guard and to take advantage of the surprised gained by the 707th and 706th Korean Special Forces units (operating within Paju and creating breaches for the offensive).
However, despite all the planning, the generals within the RoK and United States Army made flaws in their operation plans. The first flaw was the command's estimate of the enemy troops within the city. The expected number of North Korean soldiers on August 14th was around 120,000 troops, which was actually 30,000 lower than the actual amount of troops within the occupied South Korean city. This underestimate would prove to be fatal later on, as the extra amount of troops would allow the North Koreans to use their sheer numbers to break through and fight their way towards Seoul. The second mistake was the command's expectation that the Korean People's Air Force was decimated and would be unable to provide air cover for the North Korean army encamped in the city. In reality, the KPAF, though cut down in numbers, would prove to be a headache for the Republic of Korea and United States Air Force, effectively delaying air strikes and bombings for some time. The last flaw of the operation was that the North Korean navy had deployed the few patrol boats it had left into the Han before the blockade. That small fleet of patrol boats would take a chunk out of the 2nd Marine Corps and the Korean 1st Marine Division before the land batteries and South Korean patrol boats destroyed the North Korean patrol boats. All of these mistakes would make future historians wonder if the operation could've been carried out better if these unknowns were known at the time.
However, despite all these mistakes, the operation would prove to be semi-successful. At 8:30 PM KST, the eastern counter offensive would begin, with the VII Maneuver Corps, backed by infantry, began to move forward from their positions in Seonyu-Ri, directing North Korean units toward their attack. Shortly afterwards, V Corps stationed in Reunification Park, along with their American allies, advanced towards downtown Paju. This would alarm the North Korean military command and make them move their assets towards eastern Paju, which the RoK-US leaders expected and wanted. This in turn would allow the 1st Marine Division and the US 2nd Marine Corps to begin their risky journey up the Han and Peace Park, further north of Paju, to cut off or delay any reinforcements. A surprise move by the South Korean leaders was the approval (reluctantly) to move elements of the 2nd Korean Army and the Capital Corps to join in on the offensive, which would provide to be the tipping point in the eastern and northern fronts.
After initial gains and victories, the RoK-US armies would face stubborn resistance in downtown Paju, where the majority of the North Korean forces were located. The North Koreans, similar to their South Korean counterparts, had converted three schools and two churches (located next to each other) in the middle of downtown Paju into fortresses with entrenched tanks, mines, artillery pieces, mortars, sandbag encampments, anti-air elements, and rows of infantry armed with everything from machine guns to RPGs. This fortress alone would contain more than 20,000 eager soldiers, and would hold out for nearly 12 hours, even under heavy air attacks and artillery barrages, and severely weaken the forces located in southern Paju, which would be a primary reason of why the North Koreans would able to march to Seoul. The Paju Fortress would be an absolute drain on the already depleted V Corps and force the corps and their American allies to fall back to Reunification Park. However, during this fighting, the marines managed to land at Peace Park on the DMZ and despite initial losses, managed to put a cork in the North Korean reinforcement flow. The 31st, 35th, 37th, and 39th Infantry Divisions from the Second Army would support the marines and would prevent any attempts of a break through by the North Koreans, while the Capital Corps would cover the Han River and prevent any North Korean advances on thinned South Korean positions of the DMZ.
At 1:00 AM KST, the battle lines in Paju reached a stalemate, with the exception of the eastern front, where the RoK-US forces were crawling forward having captured slices of eastern Paju. However, the tide soon changed at 2:30 AM KST, when the final air clashes over Paju finished with a RoK-US air force victory, allowing bombardments and air strikes happen. This would severely weaken North Korean positions, especially the Paju Fortress, and allow the Maneuver Corps in the east move quickly in towards the fortress while the defenders were in chaos. At this moment, the North Korean command would make a move that was incredibly surprising and confusing at the same time; to push any survivors towards the south into the capital. When the Maneuver Corps arrived at the fortress at 4:00 AM KST, they were only met with a small amount of resistance of only a thousand or so defenders. When they had secured the buildings, they discovered that the many of the supplies within had been taken or burned by the North Koreans. They would remained confused until a distress signal from the V Corps that made the forces within Paju realize that the North Koreans had begun their advance southwards. However, the joint RoK-US command remained firm and ordered the soldiers to clear Paju while they could, believing that the North Korean army was relatively of little threat to the capital city.
That would be proven wrong, as nearly 25,000 North Korean soldiers amazingly broke out of Paju and started their trek towards Seoul. V Corps and the US army were quickly thrown into disarray, forcing them to move east towards the other South Korean forces. At 5:45 AM KST, North Korean forces had surpassed Reunification Park and made their desperate push towards Seoul, a 17 mile journey. When the dust cleared, Paju and the DMZ were secured. RoK-US suffered around 44,000 casualties (mainly V Corps suffered a lot) while North Korea had around 80,000 casualties with an additional 40,000 captured (mainly because the leadership was destroyed by the end of the battle and the troops were low on ammunition), while around 5,000 would escape, just barely, back into the North. Paju was liberated and under Rok-US hands, like planned. On paper, the operation was considered a victory.
However, despite this victory, 25,000 North Korean soldiers were on the move towards Seoul. With the Capital Corps on the DMZ, Seoul was left nearly unguarded as only a skeleton garrison forces was all that remained to defend the heart of the Republic of Korea...