Beria is a possibility in 1953--but only by a successful MVD coup. Otherwise, there is no way Stalin would be succeeded by another Georgian--or probably by anyone else from the Caucasus like Mikoyan. And anti-Semitism among other things would probably bar Kaganovich.
Kuusinen in the 1950's was more the elder statesman type than the likely General Secretary type.
Of course there actually was a Jewish Party Secretary before Stalin: Sverdlov. Admittedly, the post was not as powerful as General Secretary would be, but if Sverdlov had not died in 1919, who knows?
None of the Central Asians on the Politburo, from Mukhitdinov on, seem to me likely to rise to the very top. Their position was largely a symbolic gesture. "As Khrushchev explained to him [Mukhitdinov], the new international situation meant that Moscow needed someone at the center who knew how to reach out to the world's Muslims."
https://books.google.com/books?id=tpnAAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT343