For landing VTOL fighters on small decks, look up the "Skyhook" system tested on a British Harrier during the late 1980s. The project started when a British test pilot returned from landing trials on the French aircraft carrier Foch. He complained about heavy rolls almost sliding him off the deck after landing. Discussion turned to some sort of haul-down system like the European Harpoon or Canadian Beartrap systems. Then an engineer asked "Why don't we just grab it in flight?"
So they attached a socket to the spine of a two-seater Harrier, above the centre of gravity. Then they designed a "grabber" and hung it from a crane. The "grabber" contained a fuel hose with an automatic quick-disconnect fitting. The Skyhook concept involved refueling the Harrier while it hovered alongside the ship. If needed, the crane would swing it onboard and lay it on a cradle pre-loaded with bombs.
They even discussed removing landing gear to allow another ton (?) of bombs or fuel. Ultimately, they hoped to fly Harriers from frigates.
Testing got as far as docking the Harrier on a ground-mounted crane.
I suspect that their biggest problem was electronics too slow to stabilize the crane and "grabber" in heavy seas.
May I suggest that the next series of experiments concentrate on attaching the base of the crane closer to the ships Neutral axis for roll, pitch and yaw? That would reduce the amount of stabilization software.