How does kashmir become part of khalistan?
And I see india and china have gone through some balkanization.
How did the southern portion of Japan split off?
And a Balkanized Saudi Arabia I suppose.
This did jog my memory! Thanks! I'll start with the least interesting one -
Japan. That's just a straight-up post-WW2 partition.
ITTL, basically all the Axis powers were either split into multiple polities (Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain) or at least lost territory like Turkey. This also reminds me about independent Armenia and the changed internal borders of Yugoslavia:
Because Turkey joined WW2 on side of the Axis, this stirred ethno-religious fascist uprisings/coups in the SR Bosnia-Herzegovina and the Azeri SSR. The Bosnians kinda assume the role of OTL Croats/ustaše (i.e. Yugoslavian Nazi collaborators); meanwhile, the Azeri SSR outright declares independence from the USSR when the latter is attacked by Germany, and joins the Axis to fight with their Turkish "brethren". Because the USSR is a bit too occupied with its Western front (and keeps trying to drag Armenians away to that front right while there's an ongoing invasion of Armenia by Turkey and Azerbaijan), the Armenians also get fed up and declare independence, but they remain communist, and since they're still fighting on the same side and Stalin was a sucker for realpolitik (at least in foreign policy terms), relations quickly normalised. Hence the post-WW2 micro-Azerbaijan (reintegrated into the USSR), and also micro-Bosnia.
(Oh and inb4 "why wasn't Portugal split" - the meta reason is because I couldn't figure out a sensible way to split Portugal; the ITTL reason is because the Allies couldn't figure out a sensible way to split Portugal.)
Kashmir - in the TTL version of the Poonch Rebellion, Hari Singh is helped by Khalistan against the rebels rather than India (since ITTL they're closer). So instead of acceding to India, J&K accedes to Khalistan.
I think calling India and China "balkanised" is probably a bit of an overstatement, but yeah, here's the reasons for the individual changes:
China
- As you can see, China as a whole doesn't turn communist; however, the KMT end up in a sort of stalemate when it comes to Sinkiang, Manchuria, and Inner Mongolia, where they just can't make any sensible headway against the Communists. So these areas end up acceding to the USSR as (A)SSRs.
- China's territorial gains around Northeastern Myanmar actually occurred IOTL during WW2, but ended up being reversed IOTL, whereas ITTL they just stuck in the end. Makes sense when you consider WW2 ended later, so by the time the Allies came out victorious the Pacific/SEA theatre, the Chinese annexation of these areas was already a faît accompli, and trying to reverse it would've been more trouble than it was worth.
- Independent Tibet just makes sense with a non-Communist (and comparatively unstable) China because they don't want to piss off India/the West.
India
- With the creation of distinct Muslim and Sikh countries (Pakistan and Khalistan) separate from India, there was a push to also have Christian countries. This is how both Assam and Goa & Kerala became a thing. Goa & Kerala is a little awkward because Christianity is the state religion and the head of state constitutionally needs to be Christian, but unlike in Assam, Christians aren't actually the majority (there is no outright majority religion). However, in all of these states you still have freedom of religion, and the historic good relations between Kerala's three main religious communities - Christians, Muslims, and Hindus - have largely been maintained so there isn't much grief about this fact.
- Independent Sikkim also happened IOTL so there isn't much to explain there.
Middle East
- Due to the Kurdish uprising already resulting in some new borders, and with the need to have a polity that welcomes and safeguards Jews, the Western powers basically prescriptively rearranged a lot of the Middle East, establishing the three Confessional Republics (which are governed in a sort of similar way to OTL Lebanon).
- The same thing happened on the Arabian peninsula, were the British were keen to curtail Saudi power both due the Ikhwan's historic hostility to the British, and ongoing noticeable opposition to the confessional republics (particularly Palestine). Hence the re-establishment of a separate Hejaz and the imposed "elective kingdom" which results in the King being elected by all the various local Emirs from amongst themselves in a way not dissimilar to the HRE. Other smaller border changes are the result of minor post-war conflicts between the Elective Kingdom and its neighbours.
- Hadhramaut is basically just a fully independent version of the OTL Protectorate of South Arabia (albeit with Socotra ceded to Oman).