“A companion of mine, who I know from my days in Chicago, has sent me a telegram informing me that he has an interesting drug that may prove to have various implications for the field of psychology. I am very eager to receive a sample of this ‘lysergic acid’ soon.”
Dr. John B. Watson, May 12, 1918
Chapter Two: Through the Kaleidoscope [1]
Now that LAD had been invented, and it had been proven to be a potentially potent pharmaceutical product, the question was what to do with it? Between 1918 and 1921, dozens, perhaps hundreds, of people were exposed to LAD in a variety of different psychiatric tests. Nearly every person to test LAD found it to be a powerful drug with extremely interesting effects. The reader must be reminded that at this time, no body really knew what the drug was and with each dose, each test, each person had a different experience, a different ride. Some became very calm and euphoric. Others had seemingly very adverse reactions to LAD, being taken by a sweats, fits and terrors. It was very circumstantial, depending on the person’s own psyche and the environment in which the subject was dosed.
If the subject was dosed in a calm room with calm music playing, they seemed to be more likely to have a very enjoyable ride. But if they were dosed and were left to themselves in a very hostile room with a cacophony, their ride would likely be a terror. Immediately it became obvious that colors were very influential on the ride. Bright and vibrant colors which may have appeared a little gaudy to the sober eye became fascinating and inspiration when one took LAD.
Of course, many of the psychiatrists who were the early testers of lysergacide used themselves as guinea pigs. Arguably the most influential of these was the reputable Dr. John B. Watson [2] at John Hopkins University. A founder, if not the, of behaviorism, Watson would seem an unlikely candidate to take the soul-searching, mind-expanding LAD. But does he did, and the drug had an impact on even him, the strict behaviorist. LAD did manage to fit within the behaviorist philosophy, who did not see the drug as a way to see into the psyche but rather as an extreme chemical reaction which has an irreversible effect on a person’s behavior, including his thoughts and temperament.
This behaviorist approach to lysergacide became very influential in academic and upper society circles of those who took a ride. This academic, secular approach to LAD would be the opposite reaction from the majority of droppers, who found the entire experience to be extremely spiritual, or even religious. This highlights the extremely temperamental nature of lysergacide, being a drug that never affects two people the same exact way.
Watson was the first one to coin the word “kaleidoscopic” as the term of what exactly an acid ride is. The term is quite literal. As the story goes, Watson and his research assistant (and lover) Rosalie Rayner were taking LAD in his office. They both had a very pleasurable experience and agreed to try again. The next time, Rayner brought a kaleidoscope with which to view through during the ride. The variety of lights and colors seemed to enhance the entire experience, and both found the beauty to be very stimulating. Thus kaleidoscopic culture was born.
There are some detractors of the word, saying that its meaning, the observation of beautiful forms, is too earthly and ignores all the internal sensations of significance and wonder that accompanies a ride. Perhaps in a more spiritual person had first come across and popularized LAD that we would have a word with the apt ethereal meaning. But kaleidoscopic is what stuck and in fact has spread to well beyond its initial definition, experiencing a substantial semantic drift, coming to mean anything that is vibrant and abstract with multiple colors, as in what people believe is seen during a drug ride. Many spiritual and religious users of LAD prefer “entheogenic” as a descriptive term, derived from “entheogen” meaning “God inside us.” Of course, both serious followers of either kaleidoscopic or entheogenic culture find the term “hallucinogenic” as derogatory.
Watson continued to introduce fellows academics and other upper class peoples to LAD until his fall from grace. As mentioned above, Watson was having an affair with his research assistant Rayner. This was something that his wife, Mary Ickes, did not care for. Watson had also dosed with Mary, and her brother Harold Ickes , an active reform politician in Chicago who was not yet a national name. [3] But when news broke of his affair, it was an instant scandal in both Chicago and Baltimore. Watson resigned from John Hopkins University in October 1920, divorced Mary Ickes and married Rosalie Rayner. He then began writing and speaking about the positive implications of lysergacide and was even hired by Searle Pharmaceuticals as a promoter of the product and a consultant and in-house research, to find the best uses for the drug. Watson, who had a mild interest in advertisement, first developed the slogan first used to promote lysergacide saying, “Turn on, tune in, come out.” This slogan piggybacked on the growing success of the home radio, referencing it in “turn on, tune in” while “come out” was explained to mean that once taking LAD, one could stop fighting the aspects of themselves and come out as who they truly were.
It is with Watson’s departure from John Hopkins University that Searle began to introduce Lysergacide to wider audience. Prior to the beginning of 1921, a very few and select group of peoples had been introduced to lysergacide. Only psychiatric researchers, their test subjects and the friends they wished to share the drug with had taken a ride. Beginning in January 1921, Searle began marketing Lysergacide to the population at large. With two years of research to support their claims, it was decided, mostly by Searle and Watson themselves, that the drug could be a cure for depression, mania, shell shock, alcoholism and much more. Watson argued, from a behaviorist standpoint, that the powerful, reformative effect of a strong kaleidoscopic trip could positively effect those struggling with a wide variety of afflictions. But from a business perspective, it would be most profitable to focus on several concerns which were prevalent in the populace.
What stands out most of all from the chosen ailments that LAD could cure, were those of shell shock and alcoholism, certainly two hot button issues of the time. Prohibition had been on the books for just over a year and the dangers of alcohol were on the mind’s of the peoples. With continual LAD therapy, it seemed possible that one could be rid of their insatiable thirst for the deadly and destructive drink. Shell shock was also a national concern. The Great War had been over for two years but its scars were still present on the nation. But not all of those scars were physical. Some of the most painful wounds were those inflicted on the minds of those who had served in the trenches. Thousands of people would take Lysergacide for perfectly acceptable and legal reasons, as prescribed by their doctors. Not all of these people would become involved in the kaleidoscopic culture of the Jazz Age, although many would.
The floodgates were open. LAD was introduced to the people. Word spread of its qualities. Acid became a drug of recreation and diversion.
[1] My thanks to Emperor Norton I, again.
[2] I guess Watson can be considered TTL's Timothy Leary
[3] Foreshadowing?