If Genghis Khan had been born 100 years earlier

What would have happened if the conquering Mongol leader Genghis Khan (his name was Temujin) had lived and established his vast empire a hundred years earlier? What then could have been the fate of the Crusades and of Islam?
Timojin of our timeline was born in 1060. In 1098 he receives the title Genghis Khan and begins his conquests - initially northern China is conquered but in 1110 the great journey into Central Asia and Russia begins. By 1118, the cities of Bukhara and Samarkand were conquered and looted, and in 1121, the Mongol cavalry reached the Caucasus. The European kings hear about the most shameful tax, they engage in cooperation with the ruler in order to establish the power of the Latin kingdoms in the Middle East, after the exchange of letters Genghis Khan agrees to a campaign of conquests in the Arabian Peninsula with aid and supplies from the Crusaders. In April 1124, the Mongol warriors set out to the south and after stopping in Beit-Shan and Jericho, they continue towards the Arabian Peninsula. At the beginning of July, the "Great Battle of Mecca" takes place and the city burns to the ground. Thousands of Muslim believers are slaughtered but Genghis Khan himself is also killed in the middle of the battle. His son who succeeds him completes the conquest of the Arabian Peninsula within one year and establishes the "Khan of Arabia". The crusaders take advantage of the opportunity and start a second crusade. In 1130 the "Grand Countess of Damascus" is declared a sister kingdom to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, to the Principalities of Antioch and to the Countesses of Edessa and Tripoli.

The destruction of Mecca by the Mongols and the death of Genghis Khan in battle lead to 15 years of bloody wars between the Mongols and the Muslims. In the end, the Mongols conquer Iran, Iraq and today's Saudi Arabia, ban Islam and establish independent kingdoms there ruled by the sons and grandsons of the great leader.
Meanwhile, at the other end of the continent, Genghis' second son aspires to take over the rest of the Kingdom of China. He joins forces with the emperor to form the Liao dynasty - in 1131 he married the emperor's daughter and actually founded a new dynasty called Yuan-Liao whose united army sets out to conquer the Song kingdom in the south of China. Messabushi continues even after the fall of southern China, the high level of organization of the administrative and military people of the new kingdom obviously plays in its favor - the Japanese islands are conquered in 1140, the Philippine islands in 1146 and the rest of Southeast Asia in 1159. This is how the China of the Yuan-Liu dynasty will become independent a central world for the next 400 years.
After the removal of the threat from Islam, the Crusader kingdoms continue to exist and prosper and many are established throughout Europe and the Middle East. The Caliphate of Cairo is the last vestige of Muslim rule after the rest of North Africa and Spain are divided between the Latin Crusaders and Byzantine princes like from the Third Crusade (1180-1192). Two entities continue to expand their sphere of influence (and compete with each other) west of the Ural Mountains - the Russian Tsardom, an ally of the Byzantines whose capital is Kiev. and the Kingdom of Poltava in the territories of Poland and the present-day Baltic states, which accepts the Tolite Christianity.

The attached map depicts the alternate world in 1413, the first forays of the Chinese admiral, Hua-ling, into the Americas. The Chinese Empire, marked in yellow, is at its height. It is considered the richest power in the world and Emperor Yuan-Lio V the most powerful man in it. She directly rules the sub-kingdoms marked in light yellow. Among the sub-kingdoms we can mention the kingdom of Riban (the Japanese islands of our time line) and the Kalmyk kingdom in the west, which in 1353 officially adopted the Buddhist religion. The travels of the Chinese reached the northern shores of Australia until 1398. The Chinese sailors discovered that Muslim refugees had established several settlements 150 years earlier. India, in gray color, is divided into a large number of "states" dominated by the Hindu religion and is considered one of the most tolerant places in the world - it includes many communities of Jews, Zoroastrians, and Muslims (whose influence is of course smaller than our time). The Mongol khans, the fruit of the conquest campaign at the beginning of the 12th century, are marked in orange. In 1235 the Mongols also conquered the kingdom of Ethiopia and ruled it with their own dynasty. One generation later, those Mongol rulers accepted Orthodox Christianity like most of the people there - in 1413 the Khan of the Beauty was considered more advanced and advanced than the Khans of Arabia and Iran and he even had a large and well-equipped army.
In the absence of Islam as a dominant force, the Latin kingdoms in the Middle East continue to exist (marked in light green). The split in the Catholic Church in 1301 resulted in the crowning of a rival pope who established his seat in Jerusalem. The split got even worse in the 14th century, and in 1413 there were four popes - in Rome, Jerusalem, Palermo and Avignon, the people on the map with a small cross. The Byzantine Empire (purple color) is in a better condition than our time - despite its weak army, it is very rich, Byzantine princes hold large territories in the north of Africa (light purple) and pay taxes that flow to Constantinople. The Duchy of Kiev (dark purple) is an unofficial ally of the Byzantines - this despite the fact that the alliance was unsuccessful in the war against the Kingdom of Poltava between 1309-1313. The Catholic Kingdoms are marked in green and dark green - Poltava, Sweden, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Naples, Holy See of Rome, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Denmark, Normandy and Iberia. The black plague didn't break out as strongly as it did in our timeline. For this reason the population of Europe is larger and there is migration of Europeans to North Africa and the Middle East. Finally, in the Americas, the empires of the Incas and the Aztecs are marked in red. that since we are only on the eve of the discovery of America by the old, the situation of the aforementioned empire is very similar to the situations in our history
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kholieken

Banned
Rather one-sided view of history.

Genghis Khan success also attributed to weakness of surrounding dynasty : Jin, Xi-Xia, Kwarzhem, etc. Many other nomadic leader, like founder of Liao dynasty is no less competent than Genghis Khan. Just Genghis Khan born century earlier doesn't guarantee success.

Crossing desert is difficult. Attacking Mecca is very difficult. And Muslims wouldn't just collapse because Mecca is conquered.

Mongols success not necessarily mean Christian success. Byzantine and Crusader states is within reach of Mongols armies. Also there no reason why North Africa fall to Christianity.

Also there no reason why Chinese-Mongols state able to conquer Japan and Southeast Asia.
 
Then he and the Mongol states would have very likely just taken the place of the Jin Dynasty in history, conquering both Jurchens and Liao before focusing their energies on Song. Expansion west would have met with far more organised states than the Mongols encountered OTL and they might've been able to push as far as Qara Khitai did. Other than that, I don't think they'd be able to take the remainder of Song, but probably could've vassalised Goryeo in the long run. Japan would've almost certainly failed, since I'm of the opinion taking any part of Japan would require at least 2-3 major victories to start opening up the prominent splits in Japanese society to exploit (although I suspect the Taira clan as they neared their final defeat in 1185 might have comparatively easy to persuade). This Mongol Empire would be Sinicised far more early and would probably just be called Yuan.
 
For the starters, can you please explain how the Mongols would get to Mecca without conquering Iran first?

Genghis’s death in a battle is not fully impossible but highly unlikely, the whole system was based on general “leading from the rear”, but this is a trifle comparing to the arbitrary combination of the geographic names, like Poltava “elevated” to a kingdom status and, while being to the South East from Kiev, ended up being somehow linked to Poland and Baltic states while Kiev is “generously” granted the nomadic-occupied territories but deprived of the Russian territories to the North which by no obvious reasons became Catholic, etc.
 
assuming he is born 100 years ago and manages to unite mongolia here are they key differences the khan would have to overthrow the Liao some time in 1090s the jin do not rise and instead are abosred to the mongol empire the campaigns against Song would star in alt 1106 seeing as how well the jin did I say north china falls of the mongols , the mongols would need a reason to move west like Mohamed II did in the Olt assuming they do i think the conquest of iran goes in a similar fashion by 1220 the Seljuk empire was not strong and the double whammy of the Battle of Didgori and a mongol invasion would mean it likely declines which opens a lot butterflies for the crusaders, the empire would be split among his sons in 1227 now what follows next is if said heirs especially the Ogedie equivalent are as competent as the OTL if so the seljuk empire is conquered and the sultante of rum would be defeated during the kommenian restoration which I cant tell of Jonh kommenos would make peace with the mongols or ally with rum
 
est would have met with far more organised states than the Mongols encountered OTL
not really the Kara-Khanid Khanate assuming these mongols are good as the otl would not be a massive deal the seljuk empire by 1120 was already divided so central asia and iran imo would not go that different, I cant say about Russia
 
I choose to describe the above alternative world again. In 1700, China (colored yellow) is in decline in terms of its international status. Chinese colonies have been established around the globe, but they are controlled by local governors and are not subject to the power of the Emperor Hong Tze, who sits in Beijing During the 17th century, nearly 25 million Chinese emigrated overseas - Maigunan, our timeline's California, is a particularly desirable destination, as are Zhonghua (northern Brazil) and Daliopao (New Zealand). The Inca kingdom, in red, rules over large parts of South America, to compensate for a relative technological inferiority against Europe and China it maintains a large and well-equipped army. The Aztecs, on the other hand, are in a process of political, moral and economic deterioration, the Aztec state (pink color) owns a share of present-day Central America but due to a choice of Its leaders shut themselves off from the rest of the world in order to preserve its culture, it is very weak and subject to increasing attacks from Chinese colonists and European powers. The Ming Union (formerly the Sing Kingdom - light yellow color) is an economic and military alliance in Southeast Asia whose power comes from intensive trade in raw materials and agricultural products A Hindu kingdom still exists in the center of the Indian subcontinent, but most of its territory is now divided between various powers - including the Khan of Great Persia (orange color). Poltavia, Britannia and Iberia (green, dark green and light green respectively) are establishing overseas colonies like China. Iberia is the strongest of the three and Iberian colonies flourish in South India, Western Australia and Africa. Ethiopia (in brown) is a multi-dimensional empire that also controls the southern Arabian Peninsula. Emperor Hilo-Abba II sees all the black race in Africa as forced subjects of his country and he strives to fight the foreign forces that have invaded the continent for a long time. "Odessa Alliance", light purple in color, is the nickname for the united state of the Duchy of Kiev and the Byzantine Empire that was established after the civil war that took place in the latter and the destruction of Constantinople
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It's also worth considering that Mongolia in the late 12th century was unusually warm and wet.
The pluvial period, which also took place during a relatively warm phase, increased the productivity of the steppes by mitigating the natural aridity of the region, increasing the water supply, and therefore supporting above-average growth of plants and nutrients, and a concurrent increase of biomass. The augmented energy in the local ecology, in turn, favored the reproductive cycle of animals, reduced their mortality rate, and produced a net increase in livestock and horses. As a secondary effect, the pluvial allowed for greater carrying capacity, that is, for a higher ratio between animals and land area, so that more animals could be supported by a relatively smaller territory for a longer period of time.
That helped greatly with logistics and saw a population boom that increased the number of warriors and conflicts for those warriors to train in. Conditions a century prior were not the same, so it's not quite as likely Mongols would be able to replicate their OTL success, let alone surpass it.
 
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