Gerald Ford's Second Term

The 1976 election was surprisingly close. Despite the poor economy and his unpopular pardon of Nixon, Gerald Ford nearly defeated Jimmy Carter. Had only Wisconsin and Ohio gone Republican, Gerald Ford would've been sworn in to his second term as President on January 20, 1977. Any number of things could've potentially changed the outcome of the election - had Ford picked a better running mate than Dole, who may have offended voters with his gaffe blaming America's wars on Democrats, or had Ford not stumbled in his second debate with Carter.

If Ford had defeated Carter, what would his second term have looked like? Who would've been in his cabinet? What would be his domestic and foreign policies? How would he have handled the 1980 recession and the situation in Iran?
 

Deleted member 140587

Ford's second term would be interesting to say the least. I'm no expert on Ford I can say the following:
- The U.S. would benefit from Henry Kissinger continuing as Secretary of State rather than the schizophrenic foreign policy that happened under Carter due to the fighting between SecState Cyrus Vance and NSA Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski.
- Ford would probably not give up the Panama Canal.
- He'd probably still let the Shah in and I'd imagine the Iran Hostage Crisis would roll out somewhat similarly albeit Ford might be a tad more assertive.
- I think we might see the ERA get passed.
- As for 1980, I'd chalk it to the Democrats simply due to twelve years of party fatigue. Their nominee would probably be Jimmy Carter (round two), Scoop Jackson, or Edward Kennedy and would probably be credited with the economic recovery that happened under Reagan.

In this scenario, Ford would be Truman-esque (comeback victory but then saddled down in an unpopular term). If you want Ford to have a successful second term. Have Carter win '76 and then have Ford run for the nomination and win in 1980. Or have Carter get two terms and then be succeeded by Ford. In either of these scenarios, Jerry would have an easier go at it.
 
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How would a Ford-Reagan ticket fare against Carter-Mondale? Unite the party and Reagan would be a lock for GOP Nomination in 1980 given Ford’s term limit.
 
You get democrats in power 1980 to 1996-2004 and neither Reaganism or Clintonism emerging.

MUCH less prudish/conservative on sexuality or "vice" vice issues country than OTL due to the lack of OTL's Carter era hookup of evangelicals combined with democrats not discovering their own morality.

Alot of modern identity politics/intersectional discourse never gets going due to the big companies remaining on the defensive and not able to push for diversity initiatives to try keeping socialism down.
 
How would he have handled the 1980 recession and the situation in Iran?
- He'd probably still let the Shah in and I'd imagine the Iran Hostage Crisis would roll out somewhat similarly albeit Ford might be a tad more assertive.
I've previously commented on this in another thread. I'll copy it here:

"One thing to keep in mind if Ford is in charge during the Iranian Revolution is that he would probably have much less qualms in launching an immediate military attack. As we can see from the Mayaguez incident, Ford wasn't afraid to shoot from the hip when it came to saving American hostages. For those not familiar, the Mayaguez incident was when an American merchant vessel, the USS Mayaguez, was captured by the Khmer Rouge when it was in disputed waters. With very little military intelligence or planning, Ford authorized an amphibious assault by the marines to save the hostages. The end result was that the marines didn't actually know where the hostages were when they attacked, they severely underestimated the size of the Cambodian forces, and they kept attacking after the hostages had been released (Ford didn't believe the Khmer Rouge communique). The whole thing was completely fumbled; a Bay of Pigs on a smaller scale. We also know that the Joint Military Chiefs of Staff didn't learn their lesson of effective small-scale rescue operations considering the results of OTL's rescue attempt of the Iranian hostages.

Now, lets look at the Iranian Revolution from President Ford's perspective. Ford would definitely have let the Shah in when he first asked. Carter refused at first, drawing it out for several months before relenting. It's been retrospectively suggested by some members of the Carter Administration (namely Domestic Affairs Advisor Stuart Eizenstat) that Ayatollah Khomeini personally didn't care if the Shah entered the US at first, and that the new Iranian government's calls for the Shah's return were just a big show. Eizenstat speculated based on Khomeini's behaviour that he changed his mind during the gap period that Carter made, which prompted him to support the hostage-takers when the Shah ultimately was admitted. Without the Carter gap period, it's possible that the hostage crisis doesn't happen. But let's say that Eizenstat's assessment is incorrect and that the hostage crisis happens anyway. Then we'd likely see Ford blockade the Persian Gulf and launch an immediate rescue operation that could well turn into a Mayaguez-esque disaster. Some or all of the hostages may well be killed, which would ironically be great for Ford's ratings. From there it's more of a question of what would happen next, depending on the reaction of Khomeini and the hostage-takers."
 
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Had only Wisconsin and Ohio gone Republican, Gerald Ford would've been sworn in to his second term as President on January 20, 1977.
In my humble opinion, a good PoD to get Ford elected to a second term would be a (slightly) more successful effort on the part of Eugene McCarthy's 1976 independent campaign for president. By 1976, McCarthy had jumped the shark and entered into his kooky perennial candidate phase, running as a sort of technocratic moderate. McCarthy was also the first nationwide independent presidential candidate, and his court battles to open up balloting made future campaigns by the likes of John Anderson and Ross Perot possible.

While McCarthy was trying to get on the ballot in New York, he had to get a certain number of signatures and submit them to the state. While McCarthy got the number of signatures necessary, his paperwork was incredibly messy: some information was missing, some was illegible, some people had signed up twice, and so on. His signatures were rejected, which he challenged in court, but the court ruled against him. If McCarthy had either won the court case or if he had hired an accountant or secretary or something to prepare all the paperwork, he would've appeared on the ballot in New York, where he was polling well enough that he would've thrown the state to Ford.
 

Deleted member 140587

Potential US Presidents (1974-Present)
Gerald Ford - 1974-1981 (Republican)
Ted Kennedy - 1981-1989 (Democrat)
Robert Dole - 1989-1993 (Republican)
 
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Potential US Presidents (1974-Present)
Gerald Ford - 1974-1981 (Republican)
Ted Kennedy - 1981-1989 (Democrat)
Robert Dole - 1989-1993 (Republican)

In his autobiography, "True Compass," Kennedy wrote that he ran in 1980 only after Carter broke with him on healthcare. Maybe Kennedy would run if Ford is President, but I think that he genuinely didn't want the job and he only ran once as an act of protest against a President unpopular with the Democratic Congressional Leadership.

Besides Kennedy, you might also see Carey, Brown, Mondale, Glenn, and Askew declare their candidacies. If Kennedy doesn't run, or if he does run but Chappaquiddick and his Roger Mudd interview sink his campaign, then who might win the Democratic nomination?
 
In his autobiography, "True Compass," Kennedy wrote that he ran in 1980 only after Carter broke with him on healthcare. Maybe Kennedy would run if Ford is President, but I think that he genuinely didn't want the job and he only ran once as an act of protest against a President unpopular with the Democratic Congressional Leadership.

Besides Kennedy, you might also see Carey, Brown, Mondale, Glenn, and Askew declare their candidacies. If Kennedy doesn't run, or if he does run but Chappaquiddick and his Roger Mudd interview sink his campaign, then who might win the Democratic nomination?
Carter represented the New South moderate wing of the party, and ITTL went on to lose one of the most winnable elections of the 20th Century. Presumably, 1980 would see a candidate who would be a rejection of the moderate South, so a liberal non-Southerner. Ted Kennedy didn't seem interested in running except for in the most extreme circumstances, and Mo Udall was diagnosed with Parkinson's in 1980, so I don't think he'll run either. I think that Frank Church is the candidate who has both the ambition to make a hard run for president as well as the ability to unify the '76 ABCs (Anyone But Carter) behind him. However, Church died suddenly in 1984 of a pancreatic tumour, so unless the presidential physician catches it early, he'll die with less than a year left in his first term. Ironically, Church would likely pick a Southern moderate to balance the ticket, so you'd have someone like Lloyd Bentsen running for his own term in 1984 against the Republican challenger.
 
Carter represented the New South moderate wing of the party, and ITTL went on to lose one of the most winnable elections of the 20th Century. Presumably, 1980 would see a candidate who would be a rejection of the moderate South, so a liberal non-Southerner. Ted Kennedy didn't seem interested in running except for in the most extreme circumstances, and Mo Udall was diagnosed with Parkinson's in 1980, so I don't think he'll run either. I think that Frank Church is the candidate who has both the ambition to make a hard run for president as well as the ability to unify the '76 ABCs (Anyone But Carter) behind him. However, Church died suddenly in 1984 of a pancreatic tumour, so unless the presidential physician catches it early, he'll die with less than a year left in his first term. Ironically, Church would likely pick a Southern moderate to balance the ticket, so you'd have someone like Lloyd Bentsen running for his own term in 1984 against the Republican challenger.

So maybe:

38. Gerald Ford (1974-1981), R-MI
39. Frank Church (1981-1984), D-ID
40. Lloyd Bentsen (1984-1993), D-TX
 
I feel like Scoop Jackson would've taken 1980 for sure. I imagine he'd have either picked either another relatively old neocon like Jeane Kirkpatrick or a young liberal like Paul Tsongas as his VP, and he'd have died in 1983 as IOTL. What happens in the rest of the decade, I have no idea.
 
38. Gerald Ford (1974-1981), R-MI
39. Frank Church (1981-1984), D-ID
40. Lloyd Bentsen (1984-1993), D-TX
That strikes me as likely. Reagan would presumably be the 1980 Republican nominee, with Dole in 1984. That raises the question if the Ford/Dole moderate-conservatives or the Reagan supply-side social conservatives will come out of the Democratic '80s as the main faction of the GOP.
 
That strikes me as likely. Reagan would presumably be the 1980 Republican nominee, with Dole in 1984. That raises the question if the Ford/Dole moderate-conservatives or the Reagan supply-side social conservatives will come out of the Democratic '80s as the main faction of the GOP.

I'm not sure that Dole would be the nominee in 1984. By then, he's a former VP to an unpopular President and a failed Presidential candidate (assuming that he runs in 1980). I think the '84 nominee is more likely to be Baker - who'd probably lose to the Democratic incumbent. I expect that 1986 would be a good year for the GOP. The '88 nominee might be Kemp, who'd have a chance unless President Bentsen (taking over from Church) is running for re-election again.
 
I have given my views on the Iranian Revolution in a second Ford Term in numerous threads but I once again offer my analyses

To begin with the Iranian Revolution will happen because Revolutions are vast historical process. The question is how would Kissinger or Bush respond to the Iran Revolution? It would likely be Bush as Kissinger would likely have left the Ford Administration in 1977 even if Ford had been re-elected.

In the first instance they would have been just as blindsided by the Iranian Revolution as the Carter administration was. You would need some pretty major changes, which a second Ford Term would not bring, to prevent the CIA writing in August of 1978 that "Iran is not in a revolutionary or even a pre-revolutionary situation". The US was simply not aware of how unstable the Shah was, or how sick he was as the Shah of Iran was dying of cancer during the critical 1978 period. Iran's economy had spun out of control by then, with runaway inflation and high unemployment in Iranian cities. On this front the Ford Administration is unlikely to be of help, in later 1976 after the election Ford put pressure on the Shah to lower oil prices through the OPEC summit, an act which hurt the wounded Iranian economy. Lower energy prices would be a priority for the Ford Administration, which would mean further pressure by the Americans on Iran and other oil producers not to raise prices.

Perhaps the Ford Administration could realise how weak the Shah's position was and would try to repeat the 1953 coup. The failure of the Army to implement such as coup OTL shows that this is far from the likeliest outcome, as was Henry Kissinger's prediction of “a sort of Bonapartist counterrevolution that rallies the pro-Western elements together with what was left of the army".

Another option would be the Ford Administration doing something similar to what the Carter Administration did, opening up back channels with the Ayatollah Khomeini in France to see if he could be brought into power in coalition with the army and more moderate politicians. Khomeini was very effective at giving the impression to the US that he was pliable, telling the US that an Islamic Iran would have more in common with the Christian U.S. than the Atheistic USSR. The neo-conservative and anti-communist members of the Ford Administration may see these signs and think they have the new ally against communism, and help him into power. However this is unlikely to make the Islamic Republic of Iran, or whoever takes power in the tumult of Revolutionary Iran, a loyal US Ally.

Considering what we know now about David Rockefeller's lobbying of the Carter Administration to admit the Shah of Iran, it is probable that Ford admits the Shah to the United States earlier in 1979, possible justifying it as not wanting to be seen abandoning another US ally after the fall of Saigon and Cambodia. This would have turned much of the populace against the US and weakened the US position further, threatening not only the US Embassy but thousands of other Americans, including the "civilian" and military contractors in the country. This is likely to strain the relationship, and possible force Khomeini into being a firm opponent of the U.S. while in power.
 
One of the sections of Then Everything Changed by Jeff Greenfield has the POD that Ford doesn't make his "No Soviet Domination" debate flub, and narrowly wins the electoral college 272-266 despite Carter winning the popular vote. Ford is more interventionist in Iran than Carter, and Khomeini is assassinated. The Iranian revolution still happens, but its more docile and less anti-American without Khomeini as its Lenin. Carter isn't a plausible 1980 candidate as he's lost the unlosable 1976 election, Kennedy is the clear frontrunner but is overconfident and his campaign ultimately self destructs - Greenfield makes a direct parallel between 1980 Kennedy and OTL 2008 Hillary. In the end Gary Hart wins the nomination as an insurgent moderate, picks Dale Bumpers as his running mate, and defeats the Republican ticket of Reagan and Sandra Day O'Connor. Its then implied Hart is implicated in a sex scandal and may well be impeached or resign (a sex scandal destroyed his 1988 campaign after all). Its a good read and I would recommend it. Based on the Greenfield piece, id give this as my idea of Presidents since 1974

1974-1981 Gerald Ford
1981-1987 Gary Hart
1987-1989 Dale Bumpers

1989-1997 George H. W. Bush
1997-2005 Colin Powell

2005-2009 Joe Biden
2009-2013 Mitt Romney
2013-2021 Al Gore
 
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