General Washington's Regret

[Lyly]

Chapter II: Baby Steps, 1783-1789
continued

One of the first bills to pass in both the Houses of Delegates and Representatives was the Hamilton Tariff, proposed by New York Delegate, Alexander Hamilton. The creation of the Departments of Foreign Affairs, Treasury and War followed shortly, all within a week of each other. The departments were to be headed by a Secretary, who would be appointed by the House of Delegates, approved by the House of Representatives, and responsible to the President. Rufus King was appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Robert Morris as Secretary of the Treasury, and Benedict Arnold as Secretary of War.

James Madison, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and John Jay, President of the House of Delegates, forged vastly different precedents for their respective roles. Madison was keen to show his support for bills he felt were beneficial to the development of the nation and wielded his power to control debate on items of legislation that fell in his favor. His active role in shaping legislation was in stark contrast to Jay, who held that it was not in his power to direct the proceedings of his House or mingle in the law-making process. Under their leadership, the activities of the two Houses were firmly established within the first year.

In 1790, provisions were made for the first Census, the first Naturalization Act was passed, the Department of State Affairs was created and the Judicial Act detailed the yet undeveloped Judicial system. On July 6th, a section of northern Delaware was demarcated to become the site of the nation's capital, called the District of Columbia. Entering 1791, the young republic seemed past its rocky start as confidence grew in the nation's government and the pace of economic development was quickening. But the next year would reveal huge problems with the United States' second Constitution, problems that would prove the era of baby steps was not over yet.

Chapter III: Years of Crises, 1790-1800

In early 1791, a bill known as the Territorial Act was passed in the House of Delegates, but failed to pass in the House of Representatives. The bill would have created two new territories out of huge swathes of land claimed by Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, New York, and Canada. It met opposition by Virginian and Canadian delegates especially, but was passed nonetheless. In the House of Representatives, however, it became mired in debate and eventually was voted down. According to the Constitution, the bill was considered to have failed, and after the House of Delegates asked the Supreme Tribunal to decide the matter, they upheld that rule. However, the dispute became a catalyst for another, more serious matter.

Vermont had been admitted as a state earlier that year and had seated Delegates in one house, but had not had an opportunity for candidates to be allotted seats in the House of Representatives. Because of the nature of selecting Representatives, it was impractical to hold new elections to include Vermont. However, the situation gave Vermont and its citizens less representation than states admitted before it. When this issue was brought up in the Supreme Tribunal, it sparked a debate that lasted until late July. Finally, the Supreme Tribunal handed down a decision that shocked the nation: decisions made by the House of Representatives made since the admittance of Vermont could not be said to be democratic, thus it was no longer a legitimate legislative body. The Supreme Tribunal suggested that legislative activity be halted, that the session of the House of Representatives be suspended, and that the House of Delegates convene immediately to amend the Constitution to rectify the situation.

The suggestion was mostly implemented, Representatives emptied their chamber, but many Delegates argued that, as the only sitting legislative branch, their decisions would stand, including the Territorial Act. At the suggestion, the Canadian delegation left the House, followed the next day by the Virginian delegation. Both states refused to acknowledge the act, threatening to leave the Union if it was enforced. Sensing the developing crisis, President Washington made a personal appeal to the House of Delegates to drop the issue until the Constitutional Crisis had passed. In the appeal, he also suggested that his power only allowed his office to enforce laws that passed both houses, a suggestion that mooted the argument altogether.

On September 11th, John Jay reported to the Supreme Tribunal with a proposal to divide the nation into many districts which a single Representative would represent, doing away with the former allotment ritual and allowing residents of a district to vote for their Representative directly. Speaker James Madison reviewed the proposal and endorsed the plan. The proposed amendment was sent to the states for consideration on the first of November.

The entire affair, consisting of only one constitutional crisis, but many constitutional hiccups occurring simultaneously, became known as the Crisis of 1791. Though the situation seemed to be smoothed over in a short period, the process of ratifying the Second Amendment would prove considerably more difficult and anything but smooth.

James Madison returned to Virginia with news of the amendment proposal and would be an invaluable player in securing that state's approval. However, the State of Canada had no outstanding figure to argue for the sake of the American republic. The Francophone, mostly Catholic state was only formally associated with the rest of the English-speaking, Protestant United States. The Revolutionary War was popular enough in Canada, but every year since its end, more and more Canadians regretted the split with Britain and most were still resentful of their separation from France in the first place. After a number of years as part of a nation they didn't feel especially attached to, Canadians saw this latest situation as an option to settle their status once and for all.

Naturally, word was received in France of the worries of their Canadian cousins and the problems in the United States. Very quickly, the idea of reestablishing French presence in Canada was in vogue and public opinion was very much in favor of accepting the territory back into the family with open arms. However, while there existed strong support for the move, there was no support for any means to make the move. French society had been abruptly and totally disheveled just two years before as the French Revolution began and there was no chance to seriously consider such ideas in the midst of the upheaval. This fact would prove a great stroke of luck for the United States in the years to come, though it would have long-lasting repercussions nonetheless.

Timeline, 1790-1791
1790
March 2- Naturalization Act of 1790 is passed.
March 26- The Judicial system is put into place with the passage of the Judicial Act.
May 26- The Department of State Affairs is created, with John Beckley as its first Secretary.
July 6- Land in Northern Delaware is selected to become the site of the new Capital.
1791
March 4- Vermont is admitted as the 16th state.
April 8- The Territorial Act fails to pass in the House of Representatives; the Crisis of 1791 begins.
July 23- The Supreme Tribunal argues that the House of Representatives is unrepresentative and orders that the Constitution be amended.
July 24- The session of the House of Representatives is suspended.
July 24- The Canadian Delegation refuses to sit.
July 25- Virginian Delegates follow suit and also refuse to sit.
July 28- President Washington's letter is read to the House of Delegates, recommending work be focused on the crisis at hand.
August 11- The House of Delegates presents a plan to reform the House of Representatives to the Supreme Tribunal.
August 19- A proposed Second Amendment is sent to the States for ratification.

 

[imperialaquila]

Interesting...French designs on Canada, and Canadian unrest? Is France still allied to the US, or was that alliance abandoned soon after the war? If they are still allied, I can't see them as allied for much longer...

 

[Van555]

Yea! she is back

 

[Lyly]

Interesting...French designs on Canada, and Canadian unrest? Is France still allied to the US, or was that alliance abandoned soon after the war? If they are still allied, I can't see them as allied for much longer...

As I indicated, the French Revolution kinda gets in the way of anything happening, even if only for now. But relations have been strained since Adams and Jay decided to leave the French out of the negotiations with the British, since the French would have surely wanted Canada back instead of it becoming part of the US.

Anyhoo, what do you guys think of my political cartoon? I think it turned out pretty epically.

 

[SavoyTruffle]

Nice use of the cartoon.

 

[mikegold]

Holy croop! This is excellent!!!

 

[Van555]

It shall be bumped

 

[Ordinary joe]

Very interesting. Looking forward to more.

 

[Farfromhome]

I want more. I need more!

 

[Lyly]

I'm glad to see y'all are interested! I appreciate the compliments and comments (and bumps). The next update will be focused on what's been happening all over the world and will particularly detail how the French Revolution is going thus far, since that will be an important part of American history later. I should be posting that in the next few days or so, this weekend at the latest.

 

[AWKB]

Bump/resurrection?

 

[Lyly]

Bump/resurrection?

Sure, why not? I've been thinking about it lately anyway. I always feel embarrassed raising my dead threads. I keep starting timelines and then dropping them and return to them years later.

 

[Umbric Man]

Sure, why not? I've been thinking about it lately anyway. I always feel embarrassed raising my dead threads. I keep starting timelines and then dropping them and return to them years later.

In this case you'll be forgiven and any embarrassment forgotten if you revive this.

It's a very interesting timeline, sir - would to see more posts!

 

[Lyly]

Chapter IV: The French Revolution, 1783-1799

On August 14, 1783, an American delegation consisting of John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay, accompanied by William Temple Franklin and Henry Laurens sat down with British Member of Parliament David Harltey to sign the Treaty of Paris, which finally recognized the independence of the American colonies, now called the United States of America.

The British were eager to put the humiliating and very upsetting events of the "Revolutionary" war behind them and the American and British delegations were both generous and pleasant with the provisions of the treaty and it was later ratified by both nations with little further discussion. Britain would go on to sign and ratify three more Treaties of Paris, one each with Spain, the Dutch Republic, and, to the ire of and with great hesitation, France.

With the conclusion of their war on the North American continent, Britain's attention would turn inward for a number of years before the turmoil on their own continent once again threatened the safety of their empire.

In December, the British Parliament issued a statement denouncing King George's influence in parliamentary voting, calling it "high crime". Despite the rhetoric (which was part of a wider struggle of constitutional interpretation), and the resulting instability of government, George III found himself able to appoint a sympathetic and, as it turned out, capable Prime Minister. Until 1789, Parliament was focused on reforming their empire in India and at home. British power was strengthened and centralized in India, corruption and voting fraud was addressed in Britain, and though new taxes were implemented, Britain's government, and its king, remained widely popular. So when news of the events occurring in France spread throughout the spring and early summer of 1789, Britain was shocked once again and restored normalcy upset.

Louis XVI had succeeded to the French throne in 1774, not yet 20 years old. He felt unqualified for his new job, and little doubt was overwhelmed with the difficulties of the French state. France was badly in debt and even high (and disproportionate) taxes had failed to alleviate the financial troubles. Nevertheless, Louis was sought to gain the adoration of his people and in his quest to "always consult public opinion", he restored the Parlements of France.

However, the King was indecisive and lacked willfulness. His newly re-instated Parlements struggled to find a solution to the financial troubles and more and more radical reforms to the antiquated financial system were proposed. French nobles consistently failed to agree upon a suitable plan (most of which, sensibly, would rely on levying more taxes upon France's elite). Despite much of France's trouble having roots in the Seven Years War (the French-Indian War to the Americans), Louis supported the American Revolution against Britain, which only further indebted the state and, with new taxes in 1781, its people.

Peace negotiations between the Americans, British, and French resulted in the "Peace of Paris", but when it was revealed that the Americans had acquired Canada, everyone in France was infuriated. The Revolutionary War had been a disaster for France, which was now more indebted than ever, and though it had humiliated Britain, had still not recovered their chief colonial possession in the Americas. King Louis XVI, once beloved by his people, was now the most hated man in the country.

As his power and ability waned, he saw only one path and Louis finally called upon the Estates-General to seek a solution, which, like the King himself, and like his Parlements, could not agree upon one. An impasse developed immediately between the three Estates that finally led to the Third Estate, that of the common people, leaving the proceedings and convening what they called the assembly of the commons on May 28, 1789. This was a unilateral attempt by the Third Estate to settle how each Estate would be represented and what powers each had. By June, members of the First and Second Estate were joining them. After some debate, on June 17, this assembly declared itself the "National Assembly" and stated that it would seek to resolve the troubled state of affairs without the Estates-General. The King expressed his resistance, but little beyond that expression was actually attempted. The National Assembly, in response, announced that it would prepare a new Constitution.

This announcement sparked popular unrest, resentment, and a general mood of popular sovereignty. Civil authority rapidly deteriorated as violence spread. In August, the National (Constituent) Assembly declared an end to feudalism and produced the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, sharing a spirit and theory with the American Dual Declarations. Though these announcements were welcome, the Assembly had still not addressed the financial situation and now things were even worse. Harvests in France and throughout Europe had been poor for a number of years and as a result bread prices had increased dramatically, inciting furor among France's population.

At this point, France's institutional troubles gave way to widespread popular revolution. Throughout the remainder of the year and until 1791, the Assembly sat while France was in turmoil. In September of that year, they produced a constitution which established France as a Constitutional Monarchy. King Louis approved the Constitution, becoming the "King of the French" and the Assembly was dissolved. When the Legislative Assembly met in October, they hoped to find popular support and put an end to the widespread revolts throughout France and particularly violent in Paris.

Despite this new constitution, which pronounced the King "inviolable and sacred", fears that he was informally allied with the kings of Austria and Prussia were abound, provoked especially by members of the revolution more republican in spirit. The Declaration of Pillnitz by Austria and Prussia, which stated that the result of any harm placed upon the King could be war, did not help to ease these worries. In fact, the Legislative Assembly announced that the "fatherland is in danger" in March of the next year and new troops were raised, though no one in the government of France dared to make a move against the Prusso-Austrian alliance.

Also in March of 1792, the guillotine was adopted as the universal method of execution and the tricolor cockade, made popular by Parisian revolutionaries and adopted by the King, was made a mandatory article of clothing for all French men. These decrees foreshadowed the jailing, execution, and massacring of less-than-compliant citizens of the new France, such as armed Parisian aristocrats or republican revolutionaries. At times, the thirst for unpatriotic blood seemed to overtake those in charge of handling such affairs, but the attitudes of most in the French government were always tempered by the experienced and level-headed chief of the National Guard, the Marquis de Lafayette.

Throughout 1792, more legislative triumphs were declared, such as the abolition of slavery and a revolutionary new calendar, but still the issue most important to the average Frenchman remained unaddressed; bread was still unaffordable to many. The civil unrest continued and popular support shifted once more, this time further to the revolutionary left, giving rise to Maximilien Robespierre the "Incorruptible", or alternately, the "Bloodthirsty". Unlike many of the most prominent French politicians, whose revolutionary or anti-revolutionary moods were moderated by Lafayette, Robespierre made little effort in hiding his contempt for the man who had handily molded the National Guard into the institution most central and dear to the new constitutional monarchy.

Robespierre viewed the King and any who supported his reign as a "vile traitors" and argued that him simply being a king in the first place made him an enemy to France. He was an understandably controversial figure, but his antipathy to the government resonated with the people of France who were still prone to open revolt. His influence transformed the Jacobin party from one of moderate policies to a radically leftist one and in the name of the Jacobins massacres had begun to occur throughout France, chiefly against those who still seemed sympathetic to the King, but more generally against any who were not as equally radically leftist.

The Paris commune, the organ of government that had taken over the city in 1789, petitioned the Legislative Assembly and demanded a revolutionary tribunal be established to try political dissidents. The Assembly conceded to its creation, but in September also introduced the "general maximum", a price cap on certain goods and foodstuffs, in the hopes of guaranteeing an affordable supply of food.

Through the winter and spring of 1793, much of the political turmoil had settled, at least in physical form, and the combination of the Revolutionary Tribunal and the General Maximum helped to deflect criticism from the government for the famine that nevertheless persisted. In May, most of the members of the Legislative Assembly were confident that the next best step was to export their revolution and spread the example of their revolution (which they saw as nothing short of a resounding success) to other European monarchies. On May 20, France declared war on Austria. The next week, French forces began their invasion of the Austrian Netherlands.

As the Assembly found, its forces were woefully unprepared for war. The revolution has disorganized the professional army and the soldiers levied in the past year were inexperienced and incompletely trained. Prussian and Austrian troops under the command of the Duke of Brunswick found the capture of Lognwy and Verdun simple. The invasion continued into September when the invading army reached Châlons-sur-Marne where a French army, under the command of François Christophe de Kellermann fought the Duke's to a stalemate. The battle was a draw, but was a victory in the eyes of the French and a boost to morale.

In Belgium, the French invading army expected to excited revolutionary sentiments and when the entire country was in French command within a month, the sympathies were certainly on their side. In Italy, French forces had similar captured Savoy and Nice. With winter, the campaigns slowed or halted, but the spring of 1794 brought renewed fighting. An expedition led by Lafayette crossed the Rhine into Germany and captured Mainz in May and had begun to lay siege to Frankfurt by June.

However, the Austrians had captured Lille were threatening to turn back French control in Belgium and Piedmontese forces were able to halt French advances in Italy. Needing more troops, the Legislative Assembly called for a levy of 100,000 men and by the end of the year, able French forces reached almost 500,000. The better part of 1794 was spent driving Austrian forces from France and containing them in eastern Belgium, before driving the Austrians, Dutch and Germans out of Belgium by the year's end. The Alpine front remained largely unchanged, but success beyond the Rhine in Germany made up for the disappointment. Over the winter, as calm again replaced war, French forces had the upper hand against the Prusso-Austrian alliance and the war seemed to them a failure. The following spring brought further French victories, notably at Neresheim and Amberg in Bavaria and finally at Turin, suppressing Piedmont.

While France was victorious at war, at home, famine and high taxation continued and it was noted that the campaigns were straining France's already severely strained financial situation. An appeal by Lafayette to end the war in the interests of the French people was met with initial suspicion in the Assembly and ignored until summer, when continued civil unrest in Paris and rural France convinced the government to seek peace.

The Treaties of Fleurus and Basel made peace with Austria and Prussia (respectively) and the Treaty of Nice made peace with Sardinia and other Italian states. In what would become known as the French Revolutionary War, France extended her borders substantially. The division between Germany and France was now the Rhine River and Belgians, Luxembourgers, and Piedmontese alike would now be required to swear an oath of loyalty to France, symbolized by the cockade which was now mandatory uniform.

Europe in 1795

Timeline, 1783-1799
1783
June 8- The Laki volcanic system in Iceland erupts, lasting until February of the next year, spewing millions of tons of debris into the atmosphere and clouding Europe for several years.
August 14- Treaty of Paris is signed by the United States and Great Britain.
September 2- Great Britain signs the Treaties of Paris with Spain and the Dutch Republic.
September 19- Treaty of Paris is signed by France and Great Britain.
1786
August 20- Finance Minister Charles Alexandre de Calonne informs Louis XVI that royal finances are insolvent.
December 16- The Assembly of Notables is invited by Louis XVI for consultation.
1787
February 22- The Assembly of Notables convenes.
March 4- Calonne publishes his review of the royal finances and their dire state, shocking the nation and upsetting the Assembly of Notables.
April 8- Louis XVI dismisses Calonne and other ministers in an attempt to break the deadlock between them and the Notables.
May 20- The Assembly of Notables is dismissed.
May 20- Tax reform legislation is sent to the regional Parlements for approval.
August 15- After the legislation is rejected by the Paris Parlement, Louis XVI dismisses the Parlement.
September- The Dutch Republic is invaded by Prussia after civil unrest. The Paris Parlement is called back.
November 12- The Paris Parlement approves new loans for the royal finances.
1788
August 6- The French government declares bankruptcy.
November 6- The Assembly of Notables is reconvened to discuss the Estates-General, which are due to be convened in the coming year.
December 27- Minister of Finance Jacques Necker announces, against the advice of the Notables, that the voting powers of members of the Third Estate will be doubled.
1789
April 22- Bread riots in Paris kill 25 soldiers.
May 5- The Estates-General meet. It is announced that any voting will be done by Estate, not by head, rendering the doubled-voting power of the Third Estate useless.
May 28- The Third Estate meets separately of the First and Second, in defiance of the May 5 announcement.
June 17- The Third Estate, joined by some members of the First and Second, declares itself the National Assembly.
June 20- Locked out of their meeting site, the National Assembly takes the Tennis Court Oath.
June 27- King Louis orders the First and Second Estates to join the National Assembly.
July 13- The National Guard is formed, a group of armed Parisian middle class men.
July 14- The National Guard storms the Bastille, releasing seven prisoners, and killing three prominent members of the French government.
July 15- The Marquis de Lafayette is appointed head of the National Guard.
July 16- French troops withdraw from Paris.
July 17- Parisian peasants revolt, many nobles leave Paris, King Louis symbolically supports the revolt.
August 9- The National Assembly declares an end to feudalism.
August 26- The National Assembly releases the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
September 11- POD The National Assembly grants King Louis the power to veto legislation. King Louis ratifies the August Decrees.
October 5- Parisian women march on the Palace of Versailles and petition the King to move to Paris.
October 6- The King and the national Assembly remove themselves to Paris.
November 2- The National Assembly seizes Church property.
1790
March 29- Pope Pius VI condemns the decrees of the National Assembly and its actions against the Church.
May 19- Nobility is abolished by the National Assembly.
July 12- The National Assembly demands that priests take an oath of loyalty to the state.
August 16- Regional Parlements are abolished.
1791
April 18- The Royal family is prevented from traveling for Easter.
June 25- POD The Royal family is captured trying to escape Paris and are quietly returned to the city.
August 27- The kings of Austria and Prussia, Leopold II and Frederick William II, issue the Declaration of Pillnitz.
September 3- The Constitution is completed and presented to the King.
September 13- King Louis formally accepts the Constitution and dissolves the National Assembly.
October 1- The Legislative Assembly meets.
1792
January- Food riots persist throughout Paris.
February 2- Austria allies with Prussia.
March 20- The guillotine is adopted as the universal means of execution.
March 22- The tricolor cockade is made mandatory for all men to wear.
June 24- Slavery is abolished.
August 22- Republican riots break out.
August 24- The Revolutionary Tribunal is established in Paris.
September 10- A "general maximum" is implemented on prices of certain goods and foodstuffs.
September 22- A new calender based upon the decimal system takes effect.
1793
May 20- France declares war on Austria and Prussia.
May 28- Invasion of Austrian Netherlands begins.
July 13- Jean-Paul Marat, a Jacobin leader and ally of Robespierre, is assassinated.
July 30- Prussia and Austria begin their invasion of France.
August 9- Verdun is captured by Prussian troops.
September 13- The Battle of Châlons-sur-Marne.
1794
March 13- An uprising in Paris against clerics leaves several hundred dead.
April 11- The General Maximum is abandoned.
May 25- Mainz is captured by French troops.
June 26- French forces defeat the Austrians at Fleurus.
June 28- Austrian forces capture Lille.
September- Sporadic Republican violence throughout France.
September 7- French forces recapture Lille.
November 11- Celebration of the Goddess of Reason at the Temple of Reason, formerly the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
1795
May 11- French victory at the Battle of Amberg.
May 14- The Marquis de Lafayette petitions the Assembly to seek peace.
July 4- French victory at the Battle of Neresheim.
August 2- French forces take Turin.
September 27- The Treaty of Nice ends the war in Italy.
October 5- The Treaty of Fleurus ends the war with Austria.
October 7- The Treaty of Basel ends the war with Prussia.
1796
March 18- French diplomats arrive in the United States, beginning the XYZ Affair.
April 3- The demands of French agents XYZ are made public: several million dollar loans from the United States, a personal bribe to the French Foreign Minister Talleyrand, and concession of the state of Canada to France.
July 20- France cuts off trade with the United States.
August 3- Several amendments are made to the French Constitution, mostly updating wording to account for the expanded French state, but also further clarifying the roles of the King and the Assembly.
August 3- The Comtat Venaissin is occupied by France.
1797
April 26- Montbéliard is annexed by France.
May- American merchants are found to be trading with France under other flags, in defiance of the ban on trade.
May 5- France ignores a request from the Pope to negotiate a return of Church lands and rights in France.
July 8- A universal income tax is implemented, replacing a number of previous taxes to help repay French debts incurred in the Revolution.
August 30- The Place Royale in Paris is renamed Place de Gironde, when the Department of Gironde becomes the first pay the new taxes.
September 7- The United States suspends repayment of debt to France.
1798
March 29- The United States Congress passes a resolution denouncing France for threatening American merchants.
1799
January 18- The Bank of France is founded.
April 26- A general amnesty allowing the return of most emigrated nobles of France is passed.

 

[Lyly]

Alright folks, there's your French Revolution. Or at least the first one.

I would LOVE some nitpickety people to come in and tell me what I did wrong, because I'm sure I made some missteps. For now though, I've thrown five straight hours into this and I'm not going to try to pick it up again until tomorrow.

I'll have a much better map up once I finish it, but there's the basic idea of it for now. France takes over the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg, and every piece of land to the Rhine, as well as the Piedmontese half of Sardinia-Piedmont. The bits and pieces of France left over will be incorporated later.

For clarification, major differences between what I've written and what happened in OTL, besides what I've pointed out as Points of Divergence are that there's no war with Spain, Britain, or the Dutch. It's limited to Austria, Prussia, and Sard.-Pied. Also, you may have noticed no mention of Napoleon. Hopefully he won't be involved in this alternate history at all.

 

[Van555]

Dude I missed this

cool france

 

[Lyly]

Sneak peek of what's next for General Washington's Regret:

Toussaint L'Ouverture as he appears on the 20 Franc note.

 

[Silver]

Haiti as part of France?

So does the picture above mean that Haiti becomes an integral part of France? If it is that's very cool. How very forward thinking the French are if they do make Haiti, whose population is predominantly Black, an integral part of France. Also, will Haiti later invade its neighbor (i.e. the OTL Dominican Republic) and annex it, thus making the entire island of Hispaniola as French territory? If so, how would Americans, particularly those in the South view the existence of a Black-dominated and integral French territory existing in the Carribean? How the British, and the Spanish respectively view this particular development? Please let me know. Thank you.

 

[Lyly]

So does the picture above mean that Haiti becomes an integral part of France? If it is that's very cool. How very forward thinking the French are if they do make Haiti, whose population is predominantly Black, an integral part of France. Also, will Haiti later invade its neighbor (i.e. the OTL Dominican Republic) and annex it, thus making the entire island of Hispaniola as French territory? If so, how would Americans, particularly those in the South view the existence of a Black-dominated and integral French territory existing in the Carribean? How the British, and the Spanish respectively view this particular development? Please let me know. Thank you.

You'll know.

 

[LordVetinari]

Cool timeline.
Hope my state doesn't get butterflied away or something (Ohio)
Keep up the work.