Evidential
Banned
Fire of Lisbon, 1987–88
The Fire of Lisbon was the burning of the city of Lisbon, in Portugal on October 1, 1987. This tragedy led to the collapse of the social and political legitimacy of the Second Republic and led to the start of the restoration of the monarchy.
The events and consequences would still affect the national psyche. Controversy between the military and the Carnation Revolution Shortly after the inauguration of the Portuguese Third Republic on November 25, 1974, certain factions of the Portuguese military council had requested the new government to reinstate a monarchic regime with a military or technocratic command, not of a nationalist or conservative nature, but rather the responsibility of the Republic be taken away by the European Community and the World Bank.
On April 13, 1975, after hearing political objections and suggestions by a parliamentary commission of the democratic party (Comunistas), led by Afonso Lopes do Carmo, a military coup d'état occurred and a military junta took power. Among the most influential members of this junta was general Cândido Ferreira and this group's policy pursued a liberalisation of the authoritarian regime in Portugal and started the second phase of Carnation Revolution.
The government imposed an economic blockade of communist-influenced states in Western Europe. A series of new democratic elections held in July 1975 have returned a pro-democracy parliamentary majority, and the new Constitutional Government, elected in 1976, was able to begin writing a democratic Constitution and to reduce significantly the powers of the armed forces.
The most controversial issue at the Constitutional election of 26 November 1975 was when Prime Minister Cavaco Silva committed an amnesty for the political arrests and reprisals of the military junta. After a parliamentary reaction that in the junta regime the arrests were legal, an end to the amnesty the so-called , Cavaco Silva had to dismiss, as also happened to Manuel Feliciano (re-established as Prime Minister), and to many ministers, like Iliescu Chilian.
It was this amnesty's conclusion the military intervention, at 3 a.m., of 25 November 1975 that caused a coup d'état called 21: Dictatorship overthrowing the democracy and the rule of Carnation Revolution. Brief period of civilian rule, First Republic The Government of National Salvation was formed by nine politicians, who took the office as Constitutional Government, Pedro Álvares Cabral, José Trigo Pereira, among others.
Manuel Saramago Cabral de Carvalho (the great-grandson of Baron of Carvalho) played a key role in the regime change. An institutional agreement was signed, providing the basics for a transitional system. This Constitution established a presidency of unitary jurisdiction for all the inhabitants of the country. This Constitution allowed a plurality of rights and powers, including the protection of human rights, with the promise of full adherence to democracy.
In December 1975 the National Council of Human Rights was established, whose goal was the direct adoption of basic rights. The National Council was based on twelve National and Regional Councils of Human Rights, which at the same time there were public opinions and social movements at the universities. The National Council existed for ten years until a more integrated regional government, now no more exists. Despite it was almost certain, the failure of political solution of the conflict in Angola made PIDE - responsible for the military repression of the Portuguese African colonies and particularly Angola - suspected in human rights violations and created a series of actions, aimed at blocking any national act into conflict.
This crisis was resolved with the foundation of the Central Government's power on 26 December 1976, when the Organic Act, "General Secretariat of the Presidency of the Republic", in line with the above mentioned Act for a democracy (1973), was approved by majority vote. A new Constitution of 1976 has strengthened the office's powers and opened the way to a constitutional government. Finally, this legislative context was consolidated on 8 April 1978 with the Law 7/1978 of the Ministry of Institutional Affairs and Social Welfare, which established the Social Welfare Institute (Instituto de Asistência Social). The Ministry of Institutional Affairs is in charge of public employment and maintenance, public health, civil protection, planning and zoning. Finally, the government assumes the State Controller, including customs and fiscalization.
It was in charge of the appointment of personnel and the evaluation of personal and social rights. This agency had freedom of diagnosis and action. A new State Assistance Institute for vulnerable populations was installed. The Constituent Court acts within the legal validity of this Constitution. PIDE also acted as the Portuguese Constituent when this year the Statute of Autonomy was requested in the Region. In particular, by the people in North of Angola (Lundas and Lundanhas), was created an autonomy, making the law applicable in the autonomous regions in cases of the Statute of Autonomy.
References General references: Portuguese Ministry of Institutional Affairs and Social Welfare Department of the Presidency of the Republic (Secretaria de Estado da Presidência) Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Consulate General of Portugal, New Orleans Ministry of Justice of Angola Liga Nacional de Juristas Portugueses Ministry of Administration of Labour and Social Affairs Electoral Registry (Diretoria Geral das Eleições) Portuguese Civil Service Centre (CPPCD) Official website of the President of the Republic
The Fire of Lisbon was the burning of the city of Lisbon, in Portugal on October 1, 1987. This tragedy led to the collapse of the social and political legitimacy of the Second Republic and led to the start of the restoration of the monarchy.
The events and consequences would still affect the national psyche. Controversy between the military and the Carnation Revolution Shortly after the inauguration of the Portuguese Third Republic on November 25, 1974, certain factions of the Portuguese military council had requested the new government to reinstate a monarchic regime with a military or technocratic command, not of a nationalist or conservative nature, but rather the responsibility of the Republic be taken away by the European Community and the World Bank.
On April 13, 1975, after hearing political objections and suggestions by a parliamentary commission of the democratic party (Comunistas), led by Afonso Lopes do Carmo, a military coup d'état occurred and a military junta took power. Among the most influential members of this junta was general Cândido Ferreira and this group's policy pursued a liberalisation of the authoritarian regime in Portugal and started the second phase of Carnation Revolution.
The government imposed an economic blockade of communist-influenced states in Western Europe. A series of new democratic elections held in July 1975 have returned a pro-democracy parliamentary majority, and the new Constitutional Government, elected in 1976, was able to begin writing a democratic Constitution and to reduce significantly the powers of the armed forces.
The most controversial issue at the Constitutional election of 26 November 1975 was when Prime Minister Cavaco Silva committed an amnesty for the political arrests and reprisals of the military junta. After a parliamentary reaction that in the junta regime the arrests were legal, an end to the amnesty the so-called , Cavaco Silva had to dismiss, as also happened to Manuel Feliciano (re-established as Prime Minister), and to many ministers, like Iliescu Chilian.
It was this amnesty's conclusion the military intervention, at 3 a.m., of 25 November 1975 that caused a coup d'état called 21: Dictatorship overthrowing the democracy and the rule of Carnation Revolution. Brief period of civilian rule, First Republic The Government of National Salvation was formed by nine politicians, who took the office as Constitutional Government, Pedro Álvares Cabral, José Trigo Pereira, among others.
Manuel Saramago Cabral de Carvalho (the great-grandson of Baron of Carvalho) played a key role in the regime change. An institutional agreement was signed, providing the basics for a transitional system. This Constitution established a presidency of unitary jurisdiction for all the inhabitants of the country. This Constitution allowed a plurality of rights and powers, including the protection of human rights, with the promise of full adherence to democracy.
In December 1975 the National Council of Human Rights was established, whose goal was the direct adoption of basic rights. The National Council was based on twelve National and Regional Councils of Human Rights, which at the same time there were public opinions and social movements at the universities. The National Council existed for ten years until a more integrated regional government, now no more exists. Despite it was almost certain, the failure of political solution of the conflict in Angola made PIDE - responsible for the military repression of the Portuguese African colonies and particularly Angola - suspected in human rights violations and created a series of actions, aimed at blocking any national act into conflict.
This crisis was resolved with the foundation of the Central Government's power on 26 December 1976, when the Organic Act, "General Secretariat of the Presidency of the Republic", in line with the above mentioned Act for a democracy (1973), was approved by majority vote. A new Constitution of 1976 has strengthened the office's powers and opened the way to a constitutional government. Finally, this legislative context was consolidated on 8 April 1978 with the Law 7/1978 of the Ministry of Institutional Affairs and Social Welfare, which established the Social Welfare Institute (Instituto de Asistência Social). The Ministry of Institutional Affairs is in charge of public employment and maintenance, public health, civil protection, planning and zoning. Finally, the government assumes the State Controller, including customs and fiscalization.
It was in charge of the appointment of personnel and the evaluation of personal and social rights. This agency had freedom of diagnosis and action. A new State Assistance Institute for vulnerable populations was installed. The Constituent Court acts within the legal validity of this Constitution. PIDE also acted as the Portuguese Constituent when this year the Statute of Autonomy was requested in the Region. In particular, by the people in North of Angola (Lundas and Lundanhas), was created an autonomy, making the law applicable in the autonomous regions in cases of the Statute of Autonomy.
References General references: Portuguese Ministry of Institutional Affairs and Social Welfare Department of the Presidency of the Republic (Secretaria de Estado da Presidência) Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Consulate General of Portugal, New Orleans Ministry of Justice of Angola Liga Nacional de Juristas Portugueses Ministry of Administration of Labour and Social Affairs Electoral Registry (Diretoria Geral das Eleições) Portuguese Civil Service Centre (CPPCD) Official website of the President of the Republic