It takes a mass migration, and interesting as Zionism was (and they certainly boosted Palestine's economy, both as a source of capital investment and in the knock-on effects of a growing tradition of Jewish pilgrimage/tourism) there simply weren't enough Zionists for a state anything like in Altneuland.
Save the late Tsarist regime for another generation, or get the nationalistic and antisemitic strain of Polish nationalism in power in a likely smaller Poland, and the Pale of Settlement's going to empty. And in that era of rising nationalism, the Zionist project is going to get a much needed boost to their numbers - we're talking either a local majority in the Jaffa Governate and some other Zionist centers (which won't be Jewish states, but Jewish provinces are more than the world's seen in centuries) or maybe even a national one if America goes nativist and they add to the numbers too.
It would be interesting to see. A Jewish state. Judging by OTL, the communal conflicts between Christians and Muslims in Palestine would be a lot less nasty - the Jews, with few international friends to spur proxy wars and a long history of persecution, would probably be the most liberal and tolerant rulers in Palestine since the Ottomans.