With its whole coastline on the Pacific, California lacked mass immigration from Europe, just like Chile, another prominent Pacific power. However, with descendants of WASP American settlers running the administration, close ties were established with the USA, with American immigrants given special privileges in terms of immigration.
The Hispanic Californios, the displaced elites of California, still held importance in the state, meaning that bilingualism was a must for the state. This meant that poor Mexican farm workers, attracted by the higher wages and political stability of California, migrated to the ranches of California. To this day Mexican Californians are the dominant majority of the Central Valley, with the elites being the bilingual rancheros of Castillian Spanish descent as opposed to their mestizo and indio farm workers.
The power of Catholic californios ensured Catholics a voice in Sacramento, and thus Irish Americans were the largest contingent of American immigrants to California. They settled mainly in the industrial areas, and they plus the Mexicans ensured that California was Catholic majority. The Irish, being English speaking white Catholics, dominated politics, protestant WASP Californians industry and mining, and the californios (Spanish) agriculture (especially in the central valley).
Chinese Californians were the final major group to immigrate to California. From the Pacific, they found California the best option to immigrate to. Chinese Americans were readily accepted by the Protestants as allies against Irish-Mexican Catholic power, and because of the hostility they face from the Irish and Mexicans across California, they adopted the Protestant faith en masse. Protestants in California to this day are mainly WASP, other groups of Protestants Americans and the Chinese, while the Californios, Mexicans and Irish are predominantly Catholic, with the smaller but still significant Japanese community largely maintaining their Shinto-Buddhist faith.
The mountainous regions were dominated by American immigrants as the North and the East bordered the USA. The very South and the Central Valley were mostly Hispanic in nature while the coast was WASP, Irish and Chinese in character.
Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, known in California as the "Father of the nation", was prominent for bridging the divide between English speaking Protestants and Spanish speaking Catholics. To this day,both sides acknowledge the wisdom and brilliance of Vallejo, and many historians call him "California's Wilfred Laurier".