Constellation, USA Maximum Battleship laid down 1921 (Engine 1922)
Displacement:
68,728 t light; 73,545 t standard; 80,007 t normal; 85,177 t full load
Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(998.00 ft / 975.00 ft) x 108.00 ft x (32.75 / 34.64 ft)
(304.19 m / 297.18 m) x 32.92 m x (9.98 / 10.56 m)
Armament:
15 - 18.00" / 457 mm 48.0 cal guns - 2,900.01lbs / 1,315.42kg shells, 125 per gun
Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1924 Model
2 x 3-gun mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
1 raised mount - superfiring
3 x 3-gun mounts on centreline, aft evenly spread
1 raised mount aft
21 - 6.00" / 152 mm 53.0 cal guns - 105.01lbs / 47.63kg shells, 150 per gun
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1924 Model
16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
16 raised mounts
5 x Single mounts on centreline, aft evenly spread
5 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
6 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm 50.0 cal guns - 24.01lbs / 10.89kg shells, 150 per gun
Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1924 Model
6 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
6 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 45,849 lbs / 20,797 kg
2nd Torpedoes
4 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 0.00 ft / 0.00 m torpedoes - 0.000 t each, 0.000 t total
In 1 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 531.67 ft / 162.05 m 19.88 ft / 6.06 m
Ends: 1.88" / 48 mm 150.00 ft / 45.72 m 19.88 ft / 6.06 m
293.33 ft / 89.41 m Unarmoured ends
Main Belt covers 84 % of normal length
Main Belt inclined -3.00 degrees (positive = in)
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 21.0" / 533 mm 10.0" / 254 mm 15.0" / 381 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Protected deck - multiple decks:
For and Aft decks: 0.00" / 0 mm
Forecastle: 0.00" / 0 mm Quarter deck: 10.50" / 267 mm
- Conning towers: Forward 18.00" / 457 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Electric motors, 4 shafts, 180,002 shp / 134,281 Kw = 28.73 kts
Range 12,243nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 11,632 tons
Complement:
2,378 - 3,092
Cost:
£20.244 million / $80.977 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 9,679 tons, 12.1 %
- Guns: 9,679 tons, 12.1 %
Armour: 19,647 tons, 24.6 %
- Belts: 7,644 tons, 9.6 %
- Armament: 8,974 tons, 11.2 %
- Armour Deck: 2,310 tons, 2.9 %
- Conning Tower: 720 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 6,106 tons, 7.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 33,296 tons, 41.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 11,279 tons, 14.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
101,976 lbs / 46,256 Kg = 35.0 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 4.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.00
Metacentric height 5.6 ft / 1.7 m
Roll period: 19.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 59 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 1.89
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.38
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck,
a straight bulbous bow and small transom stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.812 / 0.817
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.03 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 33.15 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 43
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 37.94 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 18.00 %, 29.50 ft / 8.99 m, 29.50 ft / 8.99 m
- Forward deck: 35.13 %, 29.50 ft / 8.99 m, 29.50 ft / 8.99 m
- Aft deck: 29.53 %, 29.50 ft / 8.99 m, 29.50 ft / 8.99 m
- Quarter deck: 17.33 %, 29.50 ft / 8.99 m, 29.50 ft / 8.99 m
- Average freeboard: 29.50 ft / 8.99 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 78.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 225.7 %
Waterplane Area: 95,527 Square feet or 8,875 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 286 lbs/sq ft or 1,396 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.14
- Longitudinal: 1.28
- Overall: 1.15
Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
Excellent accommodation and workspace room
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily