Ok this should be final version:
BTW, some talked about the horse producing zone of China? Where exactly is it?
Also at this point how much of Ming China population would be in Red China? 30%?
Love the map, but unless those all have very present Great Power patrons or nuclear arsenals, the situation depicted wouldn't last a generation. Perhaps even those caveats would be insufficient.
The central 5 and blue will go at it with fairly little pause. Black will be annexed or partitioned at some point. It will be decided in a conventional military sense or by popular movement translating to military victory (startlingly common in Chinese history). If the former, red or orange would unify the six Han chunks. If the latter, it could be any of them (the Ming and Guomindang both managed it out of the south).
But it'll happen. Once it happens, the resulting state will at minimum encroach on all the others, if not annexing them outright. The closest to Balkanized you could possibly get would be a unified Han China including Gansu, much of Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning, that
for ideological reasons does not annex Guangxi, Yunnan, greater Tibet, Xinjiang, Outer Mongolia, and northern Manchuria. These regions could have been protectorates instead - that much is absolutely doable. You can even imagine how that might be a post-Yuan political choice, for a China-of-the-Han.
There are alternatives to a unified China, definitely, and they are very interesting to explore. But they are not as easy to arrange. They require certain ingredients.
A pre-Qin unification POD is the most effective recourse. Perhaps even pre-Zhou. After the Sui the POD options are extremely few.
After that, you need the states to have outside patrons preventing them from dueling it out to a resolution. Or you need them nuclear armed so war is unthinkable. Of course those are both temporary solutions only - inevitably those little core Chinas would seek to confederate - EU or US or something else.
You simply cannot remove the economic and logistic impetus to unify the Chinese heartland. The only long-term alternative to a unified China is a China that doesn't want to unify, for cultural reasons. And those cultural reasons were systematically eliminated 2000 years ago.
A divided China takes time, or it doesn't last.