In 1886, a long-standing border dispute between Brazil and French Guiana was settled by arbitration, awarding the contested area to Brazil. The French author Jules Gros decided not to accept this result, and declared the region the Republic of Counani. After Gros' death, a number of claimants stepped forward to assert their presidency of Counani, although it is unclear if any had even met Gros or set foot in Counani. The farce was ended once and for all in 1905, when Brazil formally complained to Spain about a Spanish citizen claiming to be an ambassador of Counani. The 'ambassador' was arrested and threatened with extradition