A Royal Massacre/Capture at Poitiers, AKA the Three Dauphins Remain

Since starting my account a few weeks I have, in between school and course work, thinking of what to write first.

My main idea has been a timeline involving a POD with an altered Battle of Poitiers in which the Dauphins Charles (OTL Charles V) and Louis, and John (of Berry), as well as the King’s uncle by extension, did not leave the battlefield and joined the final attack, and that during a ensuing, more violent melée, the Anglo-Gascon forces, after taking heavier casualties than OTL, adopt a no quarter policy (which the French forces did OTL by raising the Oriflamme), resulting in the death of John II (King of France) as well as his three sons present (Charles, Louis, and Philip, and John).

It occurred to me that the project I sought to undertake would be extensive, and so I thought that before diving into it that I would get some opinions of the point of divergence. See, for example, from my reading on the battle, it seems that the Anglo-Gascon forces came close to breaking at some points, being reinvigorated by reinforcements attacking the French rear; I therefore wonder whether the additional forces (around 1,600 men) could have made some key difference.

I do also wonder the plausibility, vis-a-vis chivalry and ransom potential (as OTL), as to whether the Black Prince would be willing to condone the slaughter of a King and his princes, but my stipulation as to their death was in order to speculate the course of war in such as sudden power vacuum; the Jacquerie and schemes of figures such as Etienne Marcel and Charles of Navarre were already destructive enough with only the capture of John II and his youngest son; this is the sudden whittling of the Valois down to one 16 year old King (OTL John of Berry). My main question is whether Edward III would just sweep onto the French throne in such as scenario.

So, in conclusion, what are your thoughts?

Edit: After further reading it turns out that John, later Duke of Berry, was in fact present at the Battle of Poitiers, and had left the battle with his other brothers. This drastically alters the POD as it would mean the full re-routing of the House of Valois to the Charles III, Count of Alençon, who would become Charles V (as opposed to his first cousin, once removed, OTL Charles V). However I feel the case of such a movement of the crown to such a minor noble would greatly magnify the claims of both Edward III and Charles II of Navarre.

PS: Would be quite interested to discuss the ramifications of John and his sons being captured as opposed to killed, seeing how, as I myself briefly questioned, their ransom value and diplomatic matters would make that more likely.
 
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This is an interesting scenario with so many French royals dead. I don't know much, but I kinda think France will experience some lawlessness despite the efforts of both Edward III and TTL John III.
 
This is an interesting scenario with so many French royals dead. I don't know much, but I kinda think France will experience some lawlessness despite the efforts of both Edward III and TTL John III.
Sorry about the sudden edit; turns out that the POD wouldn’t produce a John III for the reasons I’ve added to the top post.
 
Sorry about the sudden edit; turns out that the POD wouldn’t produce a John III for the reasons I’ve added to the top post.
Just saw the edit, with the House of Valois essentially wiped out, I'm imagining the France basically going through their version of The Anarchy. All the nearby powers (England/Navarre/Castile/HRE/etc.) will be looking to take any piece of France for themselves.
 
Honestly, the premise, especially the edited one, looks like something of an extremely low probability. Of course, a person who physically, captured a royalty would not get the final arranged ransom but he could expect a very handsome reward from Ed Junior and the whole warfare system under Ed Senior and Junior was a well-organized money making machine with the royal family lending money for raising bands and purchasing weapons for a clearly defined share in the future ransoms. Here you are talking about the lower ranks just throwing away big money and the greedy Plantagenets throwing away huge amounts of money for no good reason. Occasional death (like John of Bohemia at Crecy) is one thing but a whole-sale intended slaughter of the whole family is a completely different story, which could not “just happen”. In OTL John the Good and his young son had been surrounded by the opponents who were actively trying not to kill them but to capture. I’m not even talking about the side aspects of this schema (approval of killing the legitimate monarch and his family) but, with all Valois family whipped out, with whom are you going to make a peace treaty legitimizing your gains? Pretty much all alternatives would mean a continued war with more expenses and unclear perspective.

As for the succession part? Was Ed Senior really interested in pursuing his claim to the French throne at that time? Legitimacy of the captured John was not questioned at any point (immediately after the battle Ed Jr. personally served him at the dinner) and the following diplomatic bargaining was not about claim to the French throne, which Ed renounced, but about the ransom and possession of the French lands held by Ed without a homage (but still with King of France being a suzerain of all of them except for the islands).
 
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Honestly, the premise, especially the edited one, looks like something of an extremely low probability. Of course, a person who physically, captured a royalty would not get the final arranged ransom but he could expect a very handsome reward from Ed Junior and the whole warfare system under Ed Senior and Junior was a well-organized money making machine with the royal family lending money for raising bands and purchasing weapons for a clearly defined share in the future ransoms. Here you are talking about the lower ranks just throwing away big money and the greedy Plantagenets throwing away huge amounts of money for no good reason. Occasional death (like John of Bohemia at Crecy) is one thing but a whole-sale intended slaughter of the whole family is a completely different story, which could not “just happen”. In OTL John the Good and his young son had been surrounded by the opponents who were actively trying not to kill them but to capture. I’m not even talking about the side aspects of this schema (approval of killing the legitimate monarch and his family) but, with all Valois family whipped out, with whom are you going to make a peace treaty legitimizing your gains? Pretty much all alternatives would mean a continued war with more expenses and unclear perspective.

As for the succession part? Was Ed Senior really interested in pursuing his claim to the French throne at that time? Legitimacy of the captured John was not questioned at any point (immediately after the battle Ed Jr. personally served him at the dinner) and the following diplomatic bargaining was not about claim to the French throne, which Ed renounced, but about the ransom and possession of the French lands held by Ed without a homage (but still with King of France being a suzerain of all of them except for the island).
Weren't there occasions the English put down revolts against the French king?
 
Weren't there occasions the English put down revolts against the French king?
Probably. But on many occasions the term “English” did not necessarily mean “Brits”. It could be somebody like Captal de Buch as well (as was the case with Jacquerie)

IIRC, during one of the peace breaks there was a plan to send all the mercenary bands into a crusade under command of some reputable French and English leaders (in expectation that everybody except for the leaders will never make it back).
 
Honestly, the premise, especially the edited one, looks like something of an extremely low probability. Of course, a person who physically, captured a royalty would not get the final arranged ransom but he could expect a very handsome reward from Ed Junior and the whole warfare system under Ed Senior and Junior was a well-organized money making machine with the royal family lending money for raising bands and purchasing weapons for a clearly defined share in the future ransoms. Here you are talking about the lower ranks just throwing away big money and the greedy Plantagenets throwing away huge amounts of money for no good reason. Occasional death (like John of Bohemia at Crecy) is one thing but a whole-sale intended slaughter of the whole family is a completely different story, which could not “just happen”. In OTL John the Good and his young son had been surrounded by the opponents who were actively trying not to kill them but to capture. I’m not even talking about the side aspects of this schema (approval of killing the legitimate monarch and his family) but, with all Valois family whipped out, with whom are you going to make a peace treaty legitimizing your gains? Pretty much all alternatives would mean a continued war with more expenses and unclear perspective.
I did have that feeling hence asking about it in the first place. What would be the effects of a mass capture of all involved? This can be considered an additional question to the main post.
 
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Honestly, the premise, especially the edited one, looks like something of an extremely low probability. Of course, a person who physically, captured a royalty would not get the final arranged ransom but he could expect a very handsome reward from Ed Junior and the whole warfare system under Ed Senior and Junior was a well-organized money making machine with the royal family lending money for raising bands and purchasing weapons for a clearly defined share in the future ransoms. Here you are talking about the lower ranks just throwing away big money and the greedy Plantagenets throwing away huge amounts of money for no good reason. Occasional death (like John of Bohemia at Crecy) is one thing but a whole-sale intended slaughter of the whole family is a completely different story, which could not “just happen”. In OTL John the Good and his young son had been surrounded by the opponents who were actively trying not to kill them but to capture. I’m not even talking about the side aspects of this schema (approval of killing the legitimate monarch and his family) but, with all Valois family whipped out, with whom are you going to make a peace treaty legitimizing your gains? Pretty much all alternatives would mean a continued war with more expenses and unclear perspective.

As for the succession part? Was Ed Senior really interested in pursuing his claim to the French throne at that time? Legitimacy of the captured John was not questioned at any point (immediately after the battle Ed Jr. personally served him at the dinner) and the following diplomatic bargaining was not about claim to the French throne, which Ed renounced, but about the ransom and possession of the French lands held by Ed without a homage (but still with King of France being a suzerain of all of them except for the islands).
They could be killed amidst the chaos of the battle like a lot of other nobles such as Charles the Bold who I am sure his opponents preferred him captured instead of killed. I see no reason why you want to pick on the plausibility of the premise instead of debating the ramifications of it.
 
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Honestly, the premise, especially the edited one, looks like something of an extremely low probability. Of course, a person who physically, captured a royalty would not get the final arranged ransom but he could expect a very handsome reward from Ed Junior and the whole warfare system under Ed Senior and Junior was a well-organized money making machine with the royal family lending money for raising bands and purchasing weapons for a clearly defined share in the future ransoms. Here you are talking about the lower ranks just throwing away big money and the greedy Plantagenets throwing away huge amounts of money for no good reason. Occasional death (like John of Bohemia at Crecy) is one thing but a whole-sale intended slaughter of the whole family is a completely different story, which could not “just happen”. In OTL John the Good and his young son had been surrounded by the opponents who were actively trying not to kill them but to capture. I’m not even talking about the side aspects of this schema (approval of killing the legitimate monarch and his family) but, with all Valois family whipped out, with whom are you going to make a peace treaty legitimizing your gains? Pretty much all alternatives would mean a continued war with more expenses and unclear perspective.

As for the succession part? Was Ed Senior really interested in pursuing his claim to the French throne at that time? Legitimacy of the captured John was not questioned at any point (immediately after the battle Ed Jr. personally served him at the dinner) and the following diplomatic bargaining was not about claim to the French throne, which Ed renounced, but about the ransom and possession of the French lands held by Ed without a homage (but still with King of France being a suzerain of all of them except for the islands).
I'm not an expert in the period, but couldn't happen that in the described situation, the battlefield would be so chaotic that the low infantry man wouldn't recognize who they were killing?
 
, the battlefield would be so chaotic that the low infantry man wouldn't recognize who they were killing?
that would need Poitiers to be like Azincour where several ranking nobles (like the duc de Brabant) were all killed in the scuffle. But personally, I'm with @alexmilman on this. The king getting killed in battle is lucky- but for all four of his sons to bite it?

with all Valois family whipped out, with whom are you going to make a peace treaty legitimizing your gains?
Philippe VII, King of France (b.1336), Jean II's brother and previously both duc d'Orléans and Touraine, Comte de Valois et Beaumont
 
Philippe VII, King of France (b.1336), Jean II's brother and previously both duc d'Orléans and Touraine, Comte de Valois et Beaumont
The issue with that is that Phillippe was present at Poitiers; he led the third division of French forces that in OTL left during the battle along with the King’s sons. The POD would therefore result in Philippe’s capture or death (likely the former), unless we decide that he still leaves the battle but without escorting the princes.

I am actually curious as to if Phillippe’s continued presence would potentially change the outcome of the battle given he took around 1,800 men with him, though with the strength of the Anglo-Gascon defence, and the inevitability of their own reinforcements, I would imagine it still being an Anglo-Gascon victory, though with higher losses.
 
with all Valois family whipped out, with whom are you going to make a peace treaty legitimizing your gains?
The issue with that is that Phillippe was present at Poitiers; he led the third division of French forces that in OTL left during the battle along with the King’s sons. The POD would therefore result in Philippe’s capture or death (likely the former), unless we decide that he still leaves the battle but without escorting the princes.
If Philippe's killed, the Count of Alençon would be next in line as Charles V - he hadn't become a friar at the time.
 
I'm not an expert in the period, but couldn't happen that in the described situation, the battlefield would be so chaotic that the low infantry man wouldn't recognize who they were killing?
They recognized John so sudden blindness in 4-5 cases is possible in theory but highly unlikely, taking into an account the tendency of having coats of arms displayed for everybody to see.
 
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They could be killed amidst the chaos of the battle like a lot of other nobles such as Charles the Bold who I am sure his opponents preferred him captured instead of killed. I see no reason why you want to pick on the plausibility of the premise instead of debating the ramifications of it.
Charles the Bold is irrelevant example. First, he was killed at night during the snowstorm and second, he was killed by the Swiss who at that time were known for not taking the prisoners. Not to mention that his “opponents” definitely preferred to have him dead: it was a perfect solution for the numerous issues. Poitiers belongs to a completely different time and military culture.

Anyway, author of the OP does not see my question as an inappropriate so I see no reason why are you trying to limit subject of a discussion.
 
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I did have that feeling hence asking about it in the first place. What would be the effects of a mass capture of all involved? This can be considered an additional question to the main post.

Probably they’d get the same treatment as the OTL prisoners, based upon their rank. Aka, would be at the English royal court receiving all honors due to the royalty.

Specifics of the negotiations could be somewhat different in the terms of who represents the French side but John is still the King of France and can assign whoever he wants as the members of a delegation.

The issue of the regency to which you are seemingly hinting is a tricky one and I don’t have a ready answer but, taking into an account the prevailing habits, it would not be impossible for either John himself or Dauphin Charles being released (with the substitutes left) to handle the things. After all, John himself was allowed to return to France before the ransom was paid and this was not something completely unique at that time. Of course, there could be awkward scenarios but a regent had to be legitimate, aka either Dauphin or John’s appointee, unless situation gets totally out of hands in which case the English could say goodbye to the ransoms.
 
Charles the Bold is irrelevant example. First, he was killed at night during the snowstorm and second, he was killed by the Swiss who at that time were known for not taking the prisoners. Not to mention that his “opponents” definitely preferred to have him dead
Had they actually known who he was they probably would have taken him prisoner. Moreover, the Swiss were not the only forces during the Battle of Nancy. The Duke of Lorraine himself most likely would have fetched a handsome ransom and multiple concessions from Charles had he been take prisoner.
: it was a perfect solution for the numerous issues. Poitiers belongs to a completely different time and military culture.
Said culture didn’t stop John of Bohemia from getting killed at Crecy or Thomas of Lancaster from getting clubbed to death with a mace at Bauge. King Philip’s own brother and nephew both died at Crecy. War is not a joke.What stops a random arrow from killing a prince during a charge? Plenty of high profile nobles get killed in battle on both sides during the HYW despite the incentive to ransom them instead.
Anyway, author of the OP does not see my question as an inappropriate so I see no reason why are you trying to limit subject of a discussion.
I wasn’t trying to limit the subject of discussion. You were by trying to throw out the premise of three princes getting killed. You are free to discuss what would happen if they are captured instead.
 
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The issue with that is that Phillippe was present at Poitiers; he led the third division of French forces that in OTL left during the battle along with the King’s sons. The POD would therefore result in Philippe’s capture or death (likely the former), unless we decide that he still leaves the battle but without escorting the princes.

I am actually curious as to if Phillippe’s continued presence would potentially change the outcome of the battle given he took around 1,800 men with him, though with the strength of the Anglo-Gascon defence, and the inevitability of their own reinforcements, I would imagine it still being an Anglo-Gascon victory, though with higher losses.
This is an interesting point: where the reinforcements come from? Did the English still have a significant reserve after the cavalry charge? Of course, the French charge on the English positions seems unlikely but at least Phillip could try to relief the John’s column.

To avoid the irrelevant parallels, situation was quite different from Agincourt where dismounted French knights had been handicapped by a march through the wet field and then a need to fight in a mud. The lightly armed troops did have an advantage in this situation but not under the normal circumstances. At Poitiers these issues did not exist and 1,800 fresh heavily armed troops would be a formidable force unless Ed still had similar unused reserve of the dismounted knights. Did he?
 
Probably they’d get the same treatment as the OTL prisoners, based upon their rank. Aka, would be at the English royal court receiving all honors due to the royalty.

Specifics of the negotiations could be somewhat different in the terms of who represents the French side but John is still the King of France and can assign whoever he wants as the members of a delegation.

The issue of the regency to which you are seemingly hinting is a tricky one and I don’t have a ready answer but, taking into an account the prevailing habits, it would not be impossible for either John himself or Dauphin Charles being released (with the substitutes left) to handle the things. After all, John himself was allowed to return to France before the ransom was paid and this was not something completely unique at that time. Of course, there could be awkward scenarios but a regent had to be legitimate, aka either Dauphin or John’s appointee, unless situation gets totally out of hands in which case the English could say goodbye to the ransoms.
Could this greater quantity of hostages perhaps lead to improved English gains? Edward III’s original demands in 1359 with the 2nd Treaty of London were for the entirety of the old Angevin territories (Aquitaine, Anjou, and Normandy) without homage, but this was reduced in the final Treaty of Bretigny.
 
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This is an interesting point: where the reinforcements come from? Did the English still have a significant reserve after the cavalry charge? Of course, the French charge on the English positions seems unlikely but at least Phillip could try to relief the John’s column.

To avoid the irrelevant parallels, situation was quite different from Agincourt where dismounted French knights had been handicapped by a march through the wet field and then a need to fight in a mud. The lightly armed troops did have an advantage in this situation but not under the normal circumstances. At Poitiers these issues did not exist and 1,800 fresh heavily armed troops would be a formidable force unless Ed still had similar unused reserve of the dismounted knights. Did he?
Well the reinforcements were from the Earl of Warwick’s division (2,000 men split evenly between archers and men-at-arms), who had pursued the Duc d’Orleans’ division as it left in OTL; the POD keeps Philippe in the battle, so Warwick wouldn’t have been absent in the first place.
 
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