1812: a Timeline

With regards to Taylor, he wasn't that 'important' in 1812. He was a mere captain who did mid range army things. How much does anyone know about James Rhea post 1812? Or John Whistler from Fort Dearborn? Rhea was born in 1791, Taylor born in 1784 and both were captains. It's a little anachronistic to complain about killing Taylor and not Rhea.

Any of these defeats is completely superseded by Hull's surrender or Winchester's capture.

If the fire hadn't happened, I would have kept him alive... but having your fort burn down around while a group of 50 desperate (mostly ill) combatants fight off 600 Indians when a fire breaks out and explodes when the whiskey in the blockhouse catches flame was too good an opportunity to resist.

I suggest you all read the wiki page for an exciting read.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Harrison
 
Following Winchester’s defeat at Frenchtown near the end of January, Harrison would retreat to the banks of the Maumee and begin the construction of two forts (Fort Meigs on the Maumee River, and Fort Stephenson on the Sandusky). Construction on Fort Meigs began on February 1st.

Harrison’s original plan (much like Brock’s and Chauncey’s) was to make a mad dash across Lake Erie to Amherstburg and attack Fort Malden, but he found the ice breaking up on the shore. Upon his return to Meigs from Lake Erie he found little construction done in his absence, in fact the Fort was worse off because the men using much of the wood cut for building fort for firewood instead of the actual construction of the fort. The man he had left in charge, Joel Leftwich, had also taken his men home when their term of enlistment had expired. Harrison, knowing that many of the men in his force of 3,500 soon had terms that would expire decided to disband it altogether. He left several hundred regulars to remain under the command of Engineer Major Eleazer Wood as well as some Pennsylvania and Virginia militia (whose terms were also about to expire).

In Canada, Procter was awaiting the arrival of Isaac Brock and some regulars before he makes his move, Brock would arrive on March 15th (still stinging from the lack of action in the East). Both generals would both like to make a move against Presque Isle (where the Americans are building a fleet, (more on the lakes later) but neither thinks that they have enough manpower for such an attack (OTL Procter wanted 3,000 men for such an endeavour). Rumour has it though that the American fort under construction is only half finished, and if seized would create a strong defensive position in the northwest.

The weather is awful, but Brock is determined to have a stab at it. On the eighteenth his men are embarked and they arrive at the banks of the Maumee on the 21st. By the 24th,the British are outside the fort with some 900 men (an near even split between militia and regulars) and 1,200 Indians. The British are exhausted from the march and the foul weather, but the Americans opposite of them are in little better shape having been ill equipped to deal with the weather.

The fort has shown little progress since Harrison’s departure; there are gaps in the fence of the eight acre stockade and the blockhouses aren’t finished being built. But nothing can last forever and the Americans spy the British at 9:00 AM and a brief battle ensues. The British regulars form up and after two volleys the militia break and run (many were persuaded to stay only by being offered extra pay from Harrison). The regulars fare little better because the determined fire from the British batteries causes the American batteries to soon fall silent. After a little over an hour of fighting Wood knows he’s lost and offers to surrender. The Americans are frightened of Indian massacre (especially the militia) and demand protection and not a repeat of Frenchtown. The militia and most of the regulars are paroled and sent home under the condition they not reenlist until a proper exchange of prisoners is made (they’re glad to be gone) while the officers are sent on the long march to Quebec City. Casualties are light on both sides (38 American dead and 56 wounded, 14 British dead and 43 wounded).

Harrison had heard word that the British were on the move and (with Governor Clay’s assistance) assembled a force of some 1,000 men by the 20th of March. Near the end of the month he hears news of the disaster to the north and pauses. On one hand, he doesn’t have the resources to completely invest the fort (which the British are busy finishing). On the other hand, unless he delivers a clear victory he might be stripped of command of Army of the Northwest (the war department was horrified by the amount of money he spent in late 1812... and now he’s lost a fort in addition to what happened at Frenchtown). With this in mind he marches anyway.

A conflict brewing since 1894 at Fallen Timbers was about to come to a violent and bloody end. Harrison and Tecumseh’s war for dominance in the Northwest that had cost hundreds of lives and spanned hundreds of miles was about to come to a violent bloody close. British Major Adam Muir had been sent south will a detachment to keep an eye out for any oncoming American forces. When the Americans sight this, orders are given to attack and seize the small field guns that the British possess. On April 5th, the Battle of the Wilderness began when American forces charged Muir and a brief fight ensued over control of the guns. Muir would retreat from his guns, but a group of Indians under Tecumseh fired on the Kentucky militia from the woods, and many of the Kentucky militia chased them into the woods. Neither Harrison nor Clay could hope to stop them and Harrison, in an act of desperation followed his men trying to get them to come back. With most of the Americans engaged in the woods Muir would make a spirited charge to regain his guns and turn them on the remaining Americans.

Nobody is sure exactly what happened in the forest south of Fort Meigs, but the myth that Harrison and Tecumseh settled their quarrel in an epic duel man to man likely never took place. They probably never met, nor even saw each other. But regardless, both were never seen again after the battle. Of the 1,000 Americans that marched forward from Kentucky less than a third would return. Over a hundred men would perish in the bush fighting that favoured the Indians so well while another four hundred were captured. Of the survivors, a militia Colonel William Dudley would lead the survivors back to Kentucky harassed by Indians the entire way.

The aftermath of the battle shocked the people of Kentucky. In eight months, Detroit had fallen, a terrible battle had been lost at Frenchtown, the British occupied Fort Meigs and another battle fought and lost shortly thereafter. The Governor had marched out with 'the flower of Kentucky' and failed to return. Morale was low, and Kentucky was rapidly losing its taste for war.

Things looked little better for the British in the West. Many of the militia were eager to return home now that spring had arrived. And with the death of Tecumesh, that potent Indian force had almost completely melted away with many tribes abandoning his confederacy and returned home. The British force was largely spent and could do little more than occupy and build up Fort Meigs (now called Fort Indiana) for the remainder of the year for want of manpower.


TLDR

Britain occupies Fort Meigs
Harrison is dead, butchered by Indians
Tecumseh s also dead, Butchered by Kentuckians
Green Clay (Kentucky governor) is also dead

A lot of this battle is based off the OTL Siege of Fort Meigs, the luring of the Kentuckians into the woods etc. The Kentuckians were always brave in the war, but there were a few times when they were almost too brave and did something silly and got mauled.

Every time a complaint about plausibility arises, I kill a president (I kid). I really wanted a showdown between these two guys who loathed each other for so many years.

Also, a name for Fort Meigs, takers? EDIT: Have settled on Fort Indiana
 
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Nice update! Interesting to see both Tecumseh and Harrison dying, a legend about their duel almost holds a ring of epic tragedy to it :p

As for the name of the fort, Fort Indiana?
 
Winter in Washington

The first six months of the war had proven disastrous for America with Hull’s surrender at Detroit, van Renssaeler and Smyth botching the invasion of the Niagara and Dearborn’s half-hearted invasion up the Champlain.

But there was some good news to come from the American war effort. The government had recently floated a $16,000,000 war loan on the 26th of January, six additional major generals had been promoted to the regular army (including Harrison) and an equal number of brigadier generals, a further 20,000 men were approved (though only for a year, and down from the 70,000 originally requested) and the government had created nine military departments rather than the unwieldy northern and southern departments. Congress had also approved of four ships of the line, six super-frigates, six sloops of war and an unlimited number of vessels on the Great Lakes. William Eustice was replaced as Secretary of War by John Armstrong. William Jones would take the place of the chronic drunk, Paul Hamilton, as secretary of the navy.

Chauncey immediately hit it off with Jones who approved his plan to build a second corvette to be laid down at Sackets. Jones would also push for a greater emphasis on lake Erie to help support the liberation of Detroit and the conquest of Amherstburg and |Fort Malden.

TLDR
All OTL
Sorry for jumping around from place to place but I've a bunch of different sources and it's difficult to do more than three month stretches in one area.
 
The Madison and Master Commandant Leonard

The new secretary of war had several plans in place for the new year of campaigning. Armstrong wanted a strong show by attacking Kingston, reckoning that Montreal was too heavily defended. A rapid succession of attcks would strike Kingston, York, and lastly the Niagara and would succeed in driving the British from Upper Canada.

A wrinkle in his plans would occur when Ogdensburg was attacked in a daring raid across the St. Lawrence River by the British (in reprisal for earlier American raids across the same river). The British burned two schooners as well as the barracks and hauled back some eleven cannon and a great deal of supplies. The raid was a small British victory, but it had huge strategic impacts. Large amounts of troops were ushered to Sackets, both for defence AND for a daring ice raid at Kingston should the weather permit (it wouldn‘t, the ice would start breaking up near the end of February).

Throughout the remainder of winter, the forces would swell to nearly 4,000 at Sackets Harbour. But intelligence suggested that the British had amassed an equally large (or perhaps larger) force of their own at Kingston, so a diversionary raid to York was agreed upon instead of an attack on Kingston. But the navy couldn’t very easily be used until April because of rogue ice on the ice that the prevailing winds pushed to the eastern side of the lake. It was on the 10th of April when disaster struck the American squadron.

Chauncey had had many dealings with James Leonard (the man who was sent to be his second in command at Sackets Harbour in November of 1812). The first incident between them was in New York harbour in July of 1812 when Leonard had commanded a flotilla of gunboats and dared to fly a commodore’s pendant past Chauncey’s shipyard. Enraged, Chauncey sent a boat out to Leonard and informed him that only Chauncey could fly a commodore’s pendant in New York waters. Leonard replied that his actions were justified and continued on his way. Of course, this story pails in comparison to the one where he fought a duel in 1807 at nine feet and was nearly killed.

So upon Leonard’s arrival in Sackets Harbour with a woman everyone assumed was his wife he promptly rented a hotel room and involved her and himself in local society. Soon after a scandal erupted when the woman turned out to be his mistress as opposed to his wife. Chauncey politely told Leonard that such conduct was unbecoming of an officer and politely asked that his relationship be terminated. Leonard insisted no impropriety had taken place and sent the woman away… temporarily.

But Leonard’s “wife” would return in April when the spring campaign was close at hand. The Madison, launched in late 1812 had her inner finishings and lower rigging complete and she needed to be put into deeper water to mount her guns. On April 12th, the crew put her into deeper waters, but Leonard, who was to be overseeing the operation, was nowhere to be found when a massive wind came in the night and knocked her off her anchorages… he was safely on shore in a rented love nest with “Mrs. Leonard”. Chauncey was roused the next morning by an alarm signalling that the Madison was adrift in the ice. He and his men rowed to her as fast as they could but it was of little use, the ship had foundered and Chauncey could do little but save the crew.

In all the confusion, Leonard wouldn’t be found until after ten AM (having already sent a letter in his defence) when Chauncey clapped him in irons and had him arrested.

The loss of the Madison would haunt Chauncey for the rest of his life.

TLDR
The Madison sinks
 
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So that we're in 1813, we're starting to see a few butterflies.

New York had a gubernatorial election in 1813 where the federalist van Rensselaer ran an unsuccessful campaign to unseat Daniel Tompkins.

Given that he's died at Niagara of his wounds, who runs in his place? I was thinking maybe Rufus King might be willing to forgo the senate and run against Tompkins given how he did it in 1819.

But... does it even matter? Can the federalists win the election? On the eve of the election they just might hear about the seizure of Fort Meigs (now Fort Indiana) and whatever happens on Lake Ontario.
 
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The Disaster at York

Though despondent at the loss of the Madison, the Americans began embarking for operations on the 22nd of April. Chauncey was weary of sending his squadron into battle because of his lack of heavy ships (the Madison is sunk and the Oneida is in British hands, now the largest ship in the squadron was the nine gun Hamilton). He explains as much to Dearborn but can do little to dissuade the man of action. Dearborn is under pressure from the new secretary of war for (successful) offensive action this year as well as the Republican governor of New York. The 800 men would set out and almost run into a squall. Chauncey desperately wanted to send his ships back because he worried about them capsizing during the storm, but Dearborn would again hear nothing of it. After a day of battling the storm though, Dearborn would relent and return to Sackets Harbour. They would again head out on the 25th of April.

By the evening of the 26th they were sighted near York, and they attacked the morning of the 27th. The British commander, Major General Sir Roger hale Sheaffe, was the man in charge (Brock being away in Michigan at the moment) had a mere 360 regulars, 300 militia and a small number of Indians to oppose the landings. At 7:00 AM Brigadier General Zebulon Pike (best known for “discovering" Pike’s Peak… though he never climbed it, never saw it, and likely was never came within ten miles of it) decided the time was right and ordered the attack. The fighting along the shoreline was fierce, and both sides take heavy casualties. Chauncey would make excellent use of his ships disabling many of the British batteries and force a British retreat. Pike’s advance would be slowed by an 18lb battery the British used to good effect pouring shot into the oncoming Americans, but he would reply with his own artillery that had recently brought forward forcing a British retreat.

Sheaffe was in a dilemma. He needed time to reform his men if he was going to drive the Americans from York. He ordered the “Grand Magazine” (located in a small fort of stone and earth) destroyed while he reorganized his forces, but the British flag was kept flying. Thinking the British had retreated, Pike immediately heads to the fort to retrieve the flag. The ensuing explosion launched boulders hundreds of yards into the air and killed 22 Americans outright (including general Pike) and wounded over 150 instantly. Even several hundred yards out sea stones fell on the American vessels though no one was hurt.

It was then that the British launched a vicious counter-attack on the dazed American forces. The confusion following Pike’s death and the explosion meant that many Americans simply surrendered, though some 400 would escape to the boats.

The butchers bill from the battle was shocking. Over 80 British killed and 60 wounded, on top of the only real fortifications of York being destroyed. More importantly though, several cannon destined for Lake Erie were saved as well as numerous naval stores. The rotting Duke of Gloucester (in for repairs) was saved as well as the sloop-of-war Princess Charlotte. On the American side, 70 men were killed, over 200 men were wounded, and 400 captured (most of the wounded from the explosion were in this group).

The American squadron would retreat to Fort Niagara with only half the men they had left Sackets Harbour with.

The effect in western and northern new York was immediate. The dual disaster at York and loss at Fort Meigs were just percolating through the state as New Yorkers went to the polls on the 30th for the gubernatorial election. The federalist, Rufus King, would be elected with 54% of the vote.

TLDR
British win at York
Princess Charlotte isn't burned (OTL Isaac Brock)
Duke of Gloucester is never captured
Naval supplies destined for Lake Erie remain uncaptured
Federalists win New York election

It should be noted that in OTL, the Americans sent in some 1700 men on fourteen ships. In this TL though, they have half as many because they're down three ships (the Oneida, the Madison, and the Scourge)... and two of those were their biggest ships.
 
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I'd love to get back to my TL at some point, but work is far too busy and I've decided that I enjoy sleeping in on Saturday mornings more than reading history books.

Anyways, I've attached my 'absolute best case scenario for Britain in 1812' map. So, the big changes!

  1. Northern/Western Maine ceded
  2. Northern New York state adjacent to the Saint Lawrence River and and strip between there and Plattsburgh is ceded including Sackets Harbor.
  3. The Niagara crossing is ceded
  4. Ohio north of the Maumee River is ceded
  5. Northern Indiana/Illinois (north of the Illinois River is ceded
  6. The Missouri River is the new border in the West

There are a lot of 'ifs' involved in this treaty but I feel that it makes sense in a world where America lost on land anmd the Lakes during the War of 1812. I ignored the southern theater because all of my butterflies were in the north, and realistically I can't see any decisions stemming from that changing too much with regards to the south. The maximum claim I ever read was the Missouri River (Britain and the American Frontier 1783-1815) so that's what I ran with. Britain also argued for uti possidetis... but never controlled much more than Maine that it became a moot point. But in a war where much of the west was occupied and Britain looked like it might be able to threaten Albany (the reality on the ground being far different than what the negotiators knew in Ghent) I think the American negotiators would throw in the towel.

So what happens now that the war is over? The Hartford Convention happens, but it doesn't really call for secession as per OTL. But this time, the war lasts slightly longer and the delegation to Washington gets their demands to Washington before the war is over.
  • Can the Federalist Party survive? Or are they still blamed for the loss of the war?
  • Does Rufus King get blamed for New York suffering at the hands of the Brits in the treaty?
  • Does he still get the Federalist nomination?
  • Since the Federalist Party got to air their grievances for a few weeks before the war officially ended, what happens to the party? Northern/Southern relations?
  • Since Tomkins never had the chance to shine, does he still secure the VP nomination? Or does it go to Crawford?
  • OR... does Crawford make an open bid for the presidency riding on the Federalist demand of no two consecutive presidents from the same state?
  • Lastly, does the Adams-Onis Treaty still happen? Spain is weak, Britain doesn't want another war, and America can grab it for little cost and effort. Even if Britain is more bellicose than OTL, I suspect the Americans will just use more finesses in acquiring it.

Some thoughts for the remainder of the 1810s.

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Interesting! Some good speculation, I have to say I'm more informed on the military side of 1812 versus the politics during the war so that's a bit out of my depth.

On sea though I don't imagine things are much different than OTL, but the British managed more on the lakes, which allows for a completely successful invasion of New York.

Really different negotiating position at Ghent.
 
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