northern europe

The Republic of Novgorod in present-day Northwestern Russia was closely related to Scandinavia and the Germanic peoples, was a member of the Hanseatic League, with Russian merchants being the most respected foreign of the Germans, and despite Orthodoxy there were two heresies that could have...

Surprisingly, not a single thread about this PoD seems to have existed anywhere on the foum prior to this. Guess there's a first time for everything. Anyway, while Lithuania was mostly ruled by Grand Dukes, there was actually one crowned King of Lithuania, sanctioned by the Pope: Mindaugas...

I tried asking before about Europe as a whole but I might have better luck if we focused just on the region between them. Initial POD will be that during the first French republic a thought of liberalism is taken to its logical conclusion with the ideology being invented of Laissez-Faire state...

What we today know as the Kingdom of Sweden was, back in the Middle Ages, a rather cloudy area in regards to historical knowlege. The consensus between historians seems to be that Sweden was divided between a plethora of local leaders and jarls who might have answered to a high king of sorts. Or...

Sweden - Nikolai Ottovich von Essen carries out his planned strike on the Swedish navy in Gotland (Sweden joins the Central Powers, 1914) Norway - The Central Powers find out about Norway's "secret tonnage agreement" with the United Kingdom, which allowed Norway and the Entente to protect each...

Der Titel hat es schon erklärt. (But secondary or second Class Power is also ok)

Could most of Europe have been united into a single state or empire by the end of the High Middle Ages? (POD can be any time period, even in ancient times). By most of Europe, I mean about 70% of the continent's area. Tributaries, client kingdoms, and vassal states count as part of the empire's...

If the black Death had never developed (or at least never reached the west) and had never killed a large part of the population of northern Europe, how would these kingdoms have reacted to high population pressure and colder climate? New raids in Europe? Invasion of central or Eastern Europe...

The OTL Cold War idea of "Eastern" and "Western" Europe was kind of strange. Finland and Greece aren't really western European, and Czechia is more western or central European. Because of this, the economist has talked about the declining idea of "Eastern Europe" (Source: ). Would a Cold War...

I was always a bit disappointed that relatively few medieval stone churches and stone castles have survived on Iceland and in Finland to the present day. I recently read about the Hvalsey church in eastern Greenland, one of the few well-preserved Scandinavian churches from the Nordic island...