CHAPTER I
The obligation and freedom of teaching
§ 1. All parents or guardians, including those who have children in their homes as apprentices or domestic servants, are obliged to send their children or wards (if they have not been educated at home or in a private educational institution) to public school, from the age of 6 until the Until the age of 12 or 15.
§ 2 However, the school board (§ 117) may exempt physically or mentally weak children from the obligation to attend school for a shorter or longer period of time, upon the proof of the official doctor.
§ 3 People suffering from contagious diseases or mental illness, or people with unteachable dull minds, are to be excluded from public institutions.
§ 4. If the parent (guardian or farmer) keeps the compulsory student from school: he must be seriously warned to fulfill his duty. And if the use of the moral tools that can be used for this purpose proves to be unsuccessful, and the compulsory student continues to be kept from school: the parent (guardian or farmer) who does not want to fulfill his duty in this way will be fined 50 kr in the first term, 1 forint in the second term, 2 fr in the third term, be fined 4 fr., to the benefit of the school treasury. What's more, if even this fourfold penalty would not compel the parent (farmer or guardian) to fulfill his duty: then the relevant school chair reports this to the higher school authority, which can then also advocate for the village authority to appoint a separate guardian for the compulsory child who has been kept from school.
§ 5 The cases justifying the omission are established in the decree to be issued by the Minister of Public Education.
§ 6. Parents and guardians are free to educate their children at home or in private and public institutions of any religion, as well as in educational institutions in other localities.
However, parents or guardians must present a stamp-free certificate to the local school office; and the relevant school authorities are also obliged to ensure that such children receive at least as much education as they could receive in a public elementary school organized according to the law, and that they are taught for the duration of the compulsory years.
§ 7. Pupils studying at the house are obliged to take an annual exam in front of the relevant teachers of a suitable public educational institution.
II. CHAPTER
The scope and influence of public education institutions
§ 8 Folk education educational institutions: elementary and higher folk schools, civil schools and teacher training colleges.
§ 9 The public education institutes are either public or private schools.
§ 10. Public educational institutions for popular education can be established and maintained in the manner prescribed by law by faith denominations, associations and individuals, municipalities, and the state.
III. CHAPTER
Educational institutes set up by religious denominations
§ 11. The religious denominations, in all the villages where their followers live, can maintain and set up public educational institutions of public education with their own resources, they will use the financial contribution of their followers for the establishment and maintenance of such educational institutions in the manner and in proportion to be determined by their own representatives, as has been the custom until now. they can choose the teachers and teachers in those institutes themselves, they can determine their salaries, they can customize the textbooks themselves, and they can also take measures regarding the teaching system and method, taking into account the provisions of § 45, under the following conditions:
1. to comply with the regulations of Sections 27 and 28 of this law regarding the construction and conversion of their school buildings;
2. that Sections 29 and 34, as well as Sections 133 and 141 of this law, which deal with the separation of male and female students, the number of children to be taught by one teacher, the teacher's ability and occupation of the opposite sex, should also be kept in mind;
3. that the subjects in their folk schools should be at least the following:
a) religious and moral studies;
b) reading and writing;
c) counting by heart and marks, and knowledge of domestic measures;
d) grammar;
e) elements of natural history and natural history, taking into account the way of life and the region to which the parents of most of the children belong.
f) domestic land survey and history;
g) practical instructions from the fields of agriculture and especially horticulture;
h) brief description of civil rights and duties;
i) song;
k) physical exercise, with regard to military practice;
4. that the school should be equipped with blackboards, as far as possible, globes, maps, natural history figures and, in general, the most necessary teaching aids;
5. that the working time in schools should be at least eight months in villages and at least nine months in cities.
§ 12. In the higher folk schools and civil schools maintained or to be established by religious denominations, except for the sections of this law on the separation of male and female students (Sections 29 and 63) and the number of students that can be taught by one teacher (Section 34) are mentioned, the regulations regulating the year (§61.68) and subject (§64.74) of the upper folk school and civil school courses must also be observed.
§ 13. All religious denominations can establish and maintain teacher training schools under the condition that these training schools are connected to a training school for the practical training of students, so that they teach at least the sciences and at least the scope of which and in what scope state training schools are taught in view of this law, it is ordered (Section 88) that they hold public examinations every year, the results of which are brought to the notice of the Minister of Public Education, so that the students who graduate from them are finally given examinations that comply with the strictures stipulated in Sections 102 and 103.
§ 14. All religious educational institutions are under the supervision of the state. Therefore, the government has the right and duty to:
a) to have the denominational schools also visited from time to time by its members;
b) strictly ensure that the conditions set out in §§ 11, 12 and 13 are met exactly;
c) to make sure whether the religious authorities in question fulfill their duty to supervise the safe placement of the school's property and its transfer to its intended purpose;
d) to obtain statistical data on religious schools through the relevant religious authority.
§ 15. If the main authorities of the religious denominations do not fulfill the conditions set out in Sections 11, 12 and 13 even after the government has issued three summonses outside the semester: the government can order the establishment of a common village school; The municipality is also authorized to levy the school tax established by law on religious denominations that do not want or are unable to fulfill the conditions set out in the relevant sections above, even after the said three times of warning, for their own denominational schools.
ARC. CHAPTER
Educational institutes set up by individuals and associations
§ 16. Private individuals and associations may also set up elementary and high schools, civil schools and teacher training colleges, if
a) the private individuals are qualified with a diploma for the course they intend to open, or, according to the knowledge of both the school district school council and the government, they have acquired close knowledge due to their operation in that field;
b) the associations were formed specifically for this purpose according to their articles of association, which were already announced to the government.
§ 17. These institutes will be open to the public if the persons involved in the structure and curriculum of the educational institute to be established, which must be presented to the government at least one month before the opening through the school district school council, meet all the requirements that this law provides for the corresponding municipal and state educational institutes states.
§ 18 However, private educational institutes may also be established, in which case they must notify the government of their intention at least one month in advance, in addition to presenting the institute's organization and curriculum, through the school district school council.
§ 19. All such private educational institutes must comply with the subjects to be taught and their scope as well as the public educational institutes they wish to replace.
§ 20. Public examinations must also be held in such private educational institutions every year, the day of which must be announced to the district inspector and the local school chair at least one month in advance so that he can appear and represent himself.
§ 21. The government can provide moral and financial support to private educational institutions that are extremely necessary and excellent due to the circumstances.
§ 22. On the other hand, if the measures of this law are not observed in these educational institutions, or if the government becomes aware of moral problems: the school district school council can order an investigation and, based on its results, the educational institution can be closed; moreover, in exceptional cases, the operation of the respective educational institution may be suspended even before the investigation is conducted.
CHAPTER V
The village public education institutes
§ 23. In municipalities where religious denominations do not maintain folk schools in accordance with the decrees of the law, as well as in other cases specified in this law, the municipality is obliged to set up the necessary educational institutions for popular education.
§ 24. Those schools, which are established by the municipality, are joint educational institutions for the children of the residents of the municipality, regardless of religious denomination.
§ 25 In general, those educational institutions that are maintained by all the members of the village from the property and income of the village, regardless of denomination, are not considered to be denominational schools.
Regarding the already existing religious schools, which have been maintained from the property and income of the municipality, the respective municipality is free to continue the practice up until now; but in such a case, the aid must be distributed among the schools of different religious denominations in a fair proportion, and it may not be withdrawn from the schools of one religious denomination, until it is abolished in the direction of the schools of other religious denominations as well.
§ 26. In villages with different denominations, if some denominations are able to maintain folk schools in accordance with the requirements of this law, but they are convinced that they can maintain a common school in a more prosperous condition with the help of the public, for which they can use the aid of the entire village and even the state: the separate denominational schools can be converted into a joint school. The common school united in this way will become a fully municipal school, to which all the regulations of this law, which refer to municipal schools, will be extended.
§ 27. The newly constructed school buildings must be built in a healthy location, dry and have a sufficient number of spacious, bright and easily ventilated classrooms for the number of children (60 children per room, and at least 8-12 square feet of space for each child).
§ 28. The public school authorities, denominational, village, county and government bodies are all obliged to use all the means within their competence to ensure that existing school buildings, to the extent that they do not meet the requirements mentioned in the previous section, are to be replaced by both religious denominations and municipalities , as soon as possible, be transformed everywhere in accordance with the relevant supplies.
§ 29. Boys and girls are to be educated separately, as much as possible, in separate rooms.
§ 30. The municipality is responsible for equipping the school with a globe, map, blackboards, natural history diagrams and all necessary and sufficient teaching aids.
§ 31. Children who demonstrate poverty receive free books from the school.
§ 32. The municipality is obliged to purchase the necessary school books and teaching materials every year in advance, and to distribute them among the students, in accordance with the need, under the supervision of the teachers. The purchase price of these books and school supplies is collected together with the tuition fee.
§ 33. Pursuant to this law, the municipality takes care of the remuneration of the teacher.
§ 34. A teacher cannot normally teach more than 80 students.
In exceptional cases, the respective school superiors may grant permission.
§ 35. The burdens of the village folk schools are primarily borne by the village, which can levy a special tax on all citizens and property owners of the village or those belonging to them for this purpose.
However, this tax cannot exceed 5% of the state direct taxes.
§ 36 Those village members and owners who maintain a denominational school in accordance with the provisions specified in this law are only obliged to contribute to the maintenance of the village school to the extent of the amount with which they contribute in money or produce to the maintenance of their own denominational schools, five percent of their direct taxes it doesn't exhaust you.
§ 37. Wilderness or majorság estates that form a separate tax municipality, but do not have a vernacular school that complies with the legal requirements, and cannot be obliged to set up such a school in accordance with § 44, shall be annexed by the relevant legal authority to one of the neighboring municipalities, and its school burdens shall be governed by § 35 are to be worn according to
§ 38. Every village that sets up a village school pursuant to this law is obliged to create a school fund in real estate or in cash, and to increase it as much as possible from year to year.
§ 39. In order to increase this basic school property, wherever the division and separation of pastures will take place from now on, at least one hundredth part of the common area to be divided will be set aside for the already existing or newly established village folk school, which will be proportionally included in everyone's salary.
§ 40. The tax levied pursuant to § 35 and the income of the school fund formed pursuant to § 38 shall be used only for the establishment and maintenance of a village school.
§ 41. In the case of municipal estate planning, the income of the part of the common area set aside for school purposes according to the decree of § 39, where the municipal school does not currently exist, may be used to support a religious school or schools that meet the requirements of the law. In the event that a village school is later established in such a village, § 40 of this law shall govern.
§ 42. The construction and maintenance of school buildings and teacher's houses also belongs to the municipality.
§ 43. If the municipality shows that it is unable to generate sufficient financial resources to set up and maintain its necessary educational institutions for public education in accordance with this law, it may apply to the state for assistance through its respective authority. The Minister of Public Education assists the applicant village from the amount voted for this purpose in the state budget.
A) Elementary folk schools
§ 44. In a village where, in addition to members of a church or churches with an educational institution that meets the requirements of the law, there are at least 30 compulsory school children belonging to other religious denominations, whose parents do not want to use the existing denominational schools: the village is obliged to establish a common public school. The costs of such a village school must first of all be covered by the income of the common property of the village, which is allocated for school purposes, and in such proportion as the number of children attending the village school is in proportion to the students of the denominational school or schools. Village residents and property owners who maintain a religious folk school in accordance with the requirements specified in this law are only obliged to contribute to the maintenance of such a village school with a village tax, to the extent of the amount with which to contribute to the maintenance of their own denominational schools with a village tax, to the extent of the amount of the , with which they contribute money or produce to the upkeep of their own denominational schools, does not exhaust five percent of their direct taxes.
§ 45. And where the number of children belonging to other religious denominations does not reach 30, these children, to the extent that their parents do not provide for their education in any other way, will attend the existing denominational school, and their parents will pay for the costs of this school in the same way and they will contribute in proportion as members of the religious denomination that supports the school.
Why should the teaching of faith and morals be restricted to certain hours in such places, during which children belonging to other faiths will be given religious and morals education under the care and supervision of their own faiths.
§ 46. Villages located at a distance of at most half a geographical meter from each other, which are unable to maintain a statutory elementary school on their own, may unite for this purpose and establish a common elementary school or have a common elementary school teacher.
§ 47. The municipalities to which the farms belong are obliged to provide for the education of the children of the homestead residents; and also:
a) or by claiming farm schools;
b) or in areas where, due to the distance between the farms, permanent farm schools would not meet the goal, by employing traveling (ambulatory) teachers.
§ 48 Elementary folk school education includes two courses, as well as:
1. everyday for 6 years, and
2. 3 years of repeated school teaching.
§ 49. Children who have reached the age of 6 must attend everyday school until they reach the age of 12. An exception is allowed only for those children who, after four years of elementary education, enter higher education (civilian school, secondary school) and study there for at least two years.
§ 50 Children who have reached the 12th year and who have completed the entire course of the everyday school are obliged to attend the repeating school.
If there are religious or other folk schools in the same locality, which only have a 6-year course, children who leave those schools are also obliged to attend the village repeating school until they turn 15.
§ 51 Children who demonstrate poverty do not pay tuition.
§ 52. The number of lessons per week for students: at least 20 in everyday school, at most 25, including religion and morals, but not including physical exercise and agricultural or horticultural exercises.
In the repeat school, 5 a week in winter and 2 in summer.
§ 53. Pupils attending school every day until the age of 10, with the exception of holidays, are equally obliged to attend school in winter and summer; however, for children over 10 years of age in farming villages, the school board may allow them to attend school only on Sundays during peak working hours for two months, except for holidays.
§ 54. The period of diligence should be at least eight months in a village and at least nine months in a city.
§ 55 Compulsory subjects in the village elementary folk school:
a) religious and moral studies;
b) writing and reading;
c) counting by heart and notes, and knowledge of domestic measures and currencies;
d) grammar;
e) speech and comprehension exercises;
f) domestic land survey and history;
g) some general overview and history;
h) natural science and
i) elements of natural history (with special regard to the lifestyle and the countryside, to which the parents of most of the children belong.)
k) practical instructions from the fields of agriculture and horticulture;
l) teaching the main civil rights and duties;
m) song;
n) physical exercise, with regard to military exercises.
§ 56 The determination of the curriculum from time to time is the responsibility of the Minister of Public Education.
§ 57. Children of all religious denominations can attend village elementary schools, and the respective religious denominations are responsible for the religious and moral education of their followers.
This religious education must take place outside of common school hours and also in public.
§ 58 All students should be educated in their mother tongue, to the extent that this language is one of the most popular languages in the village. For this reason, in a mixed-language village, a teacher is used who can teach in the languages that are in vogue in the village. In more populous villages, where residents of several languages live en masse, assistant teachers of different languages are also chosen, as far as the strength of the village allows.
B) Higher folk school
§ 59. The municipalities of villages and towns with a population of at least 5,000 are obliged to establish and maintain secondary public schools or, if financial resources permit, civil schools.
§ 60 Localities located at a maximum distance of half a mile from each other can also establish a common high school together.
§ 61. The course in the upper folk school is 3 years for boys and 2 years for girls.
§ 62. The student who wants to be admitted must either present a (stamp-free) certificate that he completed the 6th grade folk school course in a public school in accordance with the law, or else he must pass an entrance exam covering the knowledge required as a basis for the higher folk school.
§ 63 Regarding the language of teaching and the teaching of religion, as well as the number of children under the guidance of a teacher, as well as holidays, the above §§ (34, 54, 57, 58) also apply here.
Boys and girls should always be taught separately in these schools.
§ 64 Subjects:
a) For boys:
a) faith and morality;
b) calligraphy and drawing;
c) native language;
d) in schools where the language of instruction is not Hungarian, Hungarian is the language;
e) arithmetic and geometry, with application exercises;
f) natural history and natural history, with particular regard to agriculture and industry;
g) geography and history (general and domestic);
h) basic lines of agricultural economics;
i) domestic constitutional theory;
k) simple accounting;
l) physical exercise, with regard to military exercises;
m) song;
b) For girls:
a) religion and morality;
b) calligraphy and drawing;
c) arithmetic;
d) native language;
e) in schools where the language of instruction is not Hungarian, Hungarian is the language;
f) geography and history;
g) natural history and natural history, (with particular regard to gardening and women's occupations);
h) song;
i) women's handicrafts.
§ 65. At least two regular and one assistant teachers work in a higher folk school.
§ 66. Each class can have a minimum of 18 and a maximum of 24 hours per week, including religious studies.
A teacher is not obliged to teach more than 30 hours a week.
C) Civil schools
§ 67. Larger municipalities, whose financial strength allows, are obliged to establish and maintain civil schools instead of upper secondary schools, for the inhabitants of the municipality without religious distinction.
§ 68. In civil schools, the course is 6 years for sons and 4 years for girls.
§ 69. A student who wishes to be admitted to a civil school must present a certificate that he has completed the first four years of the folk school, or he must pass an entrance exam of the knowledge required to be admitted to a civil school.
§ 70. A teacher may not normally teach more than 50 students, in exceptional cases the relevant school superiors may grant permission.
§ 71. Boys and girls must be completely separated in civil schools.
§ 72. In the civil school, there must be between four and six, but at least three regular and one assistant teacher, in relation to the financial strength of the municipalities and the number of courses (§79).
§ 73. Students of a class of a civil school can have a minimum of 24 and a maximum of 26 lessons per week, including religion and morals.
§ 74 Subjects of the civil school.
a) religious and moral studies;
b) mother tongue literature and literature;
c) where the language of instruction is not Hungarian, the Hungarian language is used;
d) where the language of instruction is Hungarian, German is used from the third year onwards;
e) accounting, extended to civilian political accounting;
f) geometry - domestic and universal;
g) geography - domestic and universal;
h) history - domestic and universal;
i) natural history - with regard to industry, trade and economy;
k) natural science - with regard to industry, trade and economy;
l) chemistry - with regard to industry, trade and economy;
m) agriculture or industry, taking into account the needs of the village and its countryside;
n) statistics;
o) basic lines of public, private and bill of exchange law;
p) accounting;
q) drawing, in harmony with geometry, and calligraphy;
r) song;
s) physical and weapons training.
Extraordinary subjects, as the strength of the village allows, and in extraordinary hours, Latin, French, etc. languages and music.
§ 75 The rules of sections 57 and 58 of this law apply to the language of instruction and the teaching of religion in civil schools.
§ 76. With regard to the subjects listed in section 74, in civil schools created for boys, the curriculum must be established so that during the first four years of the civil school, albeit more exhaustively, the same subjects are taught as those in the middle school (real gymnasium). are taught in four lower classes, with the exception of Latin. The other subjects can be started in the first four years of the course at most, and must be taught mainly in the last two years of the civil school.
§ 77. The curriculum of the civil school, with regard to the regulations of the previous two sections, is sometimes approved by the Minister of Public Education.
§ 78. The minister of public education also determines which of the subjects listed above should be dropped in civil schools for girls, and how many other subjects should be taught instead.
§ 79. Every municipality must first of all fulfill its obligation to establish the educational institutions of public education as perfectly as possible, which it is obliged to establish in accordance with this law; however, if he has fulfilled this obligation, he has the right to set up the higher educational institutes of popular education, either as a whole, or to create only one or two years of them.
VI. CHAPTER
State-run public education institutions
§ 80. In addition to the educational institutions of public education, which the municipalities are obliged to maintain according to the law, the Minister of Public Education has the right and the duty, wherever he deems it necessary, at purely state expense, to establish educational institutions of public education required by local conditions, which are defined in Articles 23-78. are under the authority of the district school council and school inspector.
VII. CHAPTER
The teacher training courses
a) Training courses:
§ 81. The state establishes 20 teacher training institutes in different regions of the country.
§ 82. The training center must be connected to a training school, in which the student teachers can practically be trained.
§ 83. At least 2 acres of garden must be attached to the educational institution, so that the students can also receive practical education in farming, fruit and grape growing.
§ 84. The teaching staff consists of a head teacher, at least two regular and one assistant teacher and one teacher working in the training school.
§ 85. The salary of ordinary teachers is 1000 frt and 100 frt for accommodation. In addition, the principal teacher receives an honorarium of 200 frt for the duties of the principal.
The assistant teacher's salary is 450 francs, the apartment in the school building includes heating and free meals at the public service table. The salary of the teacher of the practical school is 700 francs, excluding housing.
§ 86. Healthy students who have passed the age of 15 and who have knowledge of their mother tongue, accounting, geography and history are admitted to the teacher training course are at least as proficient as those in the 4th grade of the gymnasium, real school, or civil school. the teachers. The student wishing to enter must either present his public school certificate (no stamp) or submit to an entrance exam.
§ 87. The training course lasts 3 years.
§ 88 Compulsory subjects:
a) Faith and morality;
b) Education;
c) Educational methodology;
d) Geography - general and domestic;
e) History - general and domestic;
f) Native language;
g) Hungarian language;
h) German language;
i) Natural sciences and their application to agriculture and industry;
k) Economics, with economic and horticultural practices;
l) Domestic constitutional theory;
m) Quantity and geometry;
n) Singing and music (especially violin and piano);
o) Calligraphy and drawing;
p) Teaching physical exercise;
q) Practicing teaching in the training school.
§ 89. The curriculum to be published from time to time by the Minister of Public Education shall determine which subjects are taught in each class and to what extent.
§ 90. The religious education of these students is the duty of the respective religious denominations at state institutes, regardless of religious denomination. The state pays the fees of these special teachers of religion and morals.
§ 91. The buildings of the teacher training college include rooms necessary for teaching and for feeding the students.
§ 92. In each form, a public service is claimed, in which all students receive full food for a moderate fee.
The public administration fee is determined every year by the board of directors of the school.
The institute pays for the wood and servants required for public maintenance.
In other respects, participation in public behavior is left to the student's discretion.
§ 93. Instead of several poor, hard-working, well-behaved students in each school, the institute pays the necessary fees for public maintenance.
Many of the poor, hardworking and well-behaved students are awarded scholarships.
§ 94. Food and scholarship benefits are distributed by the board of directors, based on the documents submitted to it and the proposal of the teaching staff.
These benefits are given to the children of poor teachers and are also extended to the children of religious school teachers, in addition to good behavior and diligence.
§ 95 The director maintains order in the institute's building and supervises cleanliness.
§ 96. Every school must be provided with a library, preferably consisting of specialized works, that can be freely used by students.
A certain amount is spent every year for the expansion of the library.
§ 97. In disciplinary matters and in the personal relationship of students, the first level of action is taken by the faculty chair.
§ 98 Above the teacher's chair is the board of directors. It consists of five members appointed by the head teacher and the minister of public education under the chairmanship of the relevant school inspector.
§ 99. According to the instructions of the minister of public education, the board of directors manages the financial and intellectual affairs of the school, supervises the operation of the teaching staff and judges in cases appealed to it from the teaching seat.
However, in more important cases, the parties can appeal to the Ministry of Public Education against the rulings of the Board of Directors.
§ 100. The members of the board of directors, apart from the president and the head teacher, are reimbursed for travel expenses to Netalán and receive daily stipends from the fund of the institute.
§ 101 Public exams are held once a year in the presence of the school district inspector and members of the board of directors.
§ 102. After completing the course, for one year, but no more than two years, during which time the student can spend in practical teaching, every student is required to pass an exam in all subjects, written papers and especially teaching practice, and only this condition is successful after completing it, you can get a teacher's certificate.
§ 103. Those who want to qualify for the post of teacher in a high school or civil school must, in addition to the examination established in § 102, pass the subjects of the high school or civil school and their teaching methods before the authority appointed by the government. stand out.
Section 104 Those who fail the exams specified in Sections 102 and 103 twice will not be allowed to take the exam again.
§ 105. Only those individuals who maintain an elementary or higher folk school or civil school, in which the individuals to be trained as teachers can also receive practical training, may hold a private teacher training school. However, the students of such private schools are obliged to take the theoretical and practical exams in a public teacher training institute, which students of public teacher training institutes are subject to according to this law.
b) Women's technical schools:
§ 106. The state also establishes institutes for the training of female teachers in different regions of the country, in which female teachers should be trained especially for the girls' classes in upper folk and civil schools.
§ 107. In institutes that train female teachers, the students all live in and eat together under the supervision of a resident female teacher.
The board of directors can only exceptionally permit the out-of-home.
§ 108. Girls over the age of 14 who have completed the upper folk school course are eligible for admission.
All students must pass a strict entrance exam in the subjects of the upper folk school.
§ 109. The course is 3 years.
§ 110. In addition to male teachers, in the institute that trains female teachers, sufficient numbers and qualifications of female teachers are also used for female studies.
§ 111 Compulsory subjects of institutes training female teachers:
a) religious and moral studies;
b) calligraphy and drawing;
c) native language and orthography;
d) Hungarian language;
e) German language;
f) geography and history;
g) education;
h) arithmetic;
i) natural science and natural history, (with special regard to gardening and women's occupations, or cooking);
k) song;
l) housewifery and household rules;
m) women's jobs;
n) practicing teaching in the girls' class of the training school.
§ 112. The government determines the number of students who can be admitted to each institute.
§ 113. There is no tuition fee. Residents receive accommodation and laundry for free, and food at a moderate price.
The institute pays the maintenance fee for several poor and outstanding hard-working girls. The number of these is determined by the Minister of Public Education on the proposal of the Board of Directors.
§ 114. In addition to the annual exams, students who have completed the entire course must pass a rigorous exam for all their studies, and only then can they receive a diploma.
Those who fail this exam twice will not be allowed to take the exam again.
§ 115. In disciplinary matters over the students, the head teacher and the regular female teachers judge in the first degree, and the board of directors in the second degree.
In other respects, the female training college is under the same authority as the training college.
VIII. CHAPTER
The public school authorities
§ 116. The Mindenmü village public education institute is directly under the authority of the municipality. The municipality exercises this authority through the school seat it chooses.
§ 117. From this end, a school council consisting of at least 9 members is formed in each municipality, whose members are elected from among the residents of Kebele, preferably from individuals who are knowledgeable about education matters, in municipalities and cities with a representative body, by the representative body, and in other municipalities by the public assembly of the village residents. In addition to the elected members, the local pastors and the teacher of the village folk school, or where there are several teachers, the elected representative of the board of teachers are also members of the school board with the right to consult and vote.
§ 118. The village school chair is elected for three years. However, its members can be re-elected each time.
§ 119. If the respective municipality postpones the election of the school seat for more than two weeks after the three years have passed, the members of the school seat will be appointed by the school district school council from among the members of the village.
However, the appointment is only valid for one year; after this time, it should be watered only if the village does not exercise its right to vote within two weeks.
§ 120. The presence of two-thirds of the members of the school board is required for the validity of elections, and the presence of an overall majority for other valid decisions.
§ 121 The school chair is chosen by the teacher according to § 136; every week one of its members visits the local schools; determines the tuition fee; makes sure that the children go to school properly; admonishes the guardians of defaulters and, if necessary, calls for punishment at the court; strictly supervises teaching and the exact implementation of school laws; supervises the management of the school fund and ensures its increase in agreement with the village authority; provides for the proper repair of school buildings and the provision of teaching materials to schools; furthermore, it forms a first-degree tribunal in complaints between the teacher and the students' parents and guardians and in all major disciplinary matters; is present at the annual exams; asks the guardians for an account; and reports on its procedure to the municipality every year, and in urgent and more important cases, more often. The leaders of the village submit these reports to the county or city school district school council every time.
§ 122. The village school board elects one or more custodians according to the number of schools, who manages the school's property, repairs the buildings and pays the officials according to the instructions of the school board, and submits a detailed and documented account to the school board every year .
After these figures have been examined by the school chair, they are transferred to the municipality for review, and from there to the school district school council.
§ 123 The entire country is divided into the corresponding number of school districts according to the counties.
Among the royal cities, only Buda-Pest forms a separate school district.
§ 124. The affairs of all village public education institutes in the school district are managed by the school inspector appointed by the Minister of Education and the school council chaired by him, and the main supervision is exercised over religious schools with the intervention of the school inspector.
A school inspector can work in several school districts, if there are no more than 300 villages in their territory.
If the accumulation of tasks requires it, the government can appoint a second inspector or assistant.
§ 125. The school council of the school district is formed as follows:
1. each religious denomination, which has wards in the territory of the county, elects one member from its own bosom;
2. public teachers of all villages in the territory of the educational district elect four members from among themselves;
3. the other members are chosen by the county committee from among themselves, their number is at least 14 and at most 34;
4. counties in which there are royal cities, they elect a part of the members specified in point 3 in the proportion in which their population is to the total population of the county.
§ 126. The school council of the school district is elected for five years. However, its members can be re-elected after five years.
§ 127. Buda-Pest, which forms a separate school district according to this law, is divided into several school districts outside the city district, with the same number of school seats.
These school seats are elected for 3 years by the city voters of the city districts. However, their members can be re-elected.
The tasks of these school chairs are the same as those listed in § 121, except for the election of teachers and the supervision of the management of school property, which tasks in Buda-Pest belong to the city school council and the city representative body.
The Buda-Pest (school district) school council is elected by the representative body and for the same number of years as the representative body. However, its members can be re-elected.
The members of the city school board, with the right to consult and vote, are the local pastors, regardless of denomination, and two representatives of the village teachers' board.
§ 128 The school district inspector:
1. at least once a year, he visits all municipal, denominational, and private lower and higher public education school districts in the territory of the school district, and strictly supervises the exact implementation of the law in them;
2. takes action in municipal and state schools according to the instructions of the Minister of Public Education, implements its educational regulations in municipal private and association schools in the area of the educational district, and submits a detailed report to the government on both those and denominational schools every year;
3. the chairman of the school district folk school council and the board of directors of other schools (po tanitóképezdék).
§ 129 The supervisors and their assistants draw a regular salary.
§ 130. The school council:
1. revises the calculations examined by the village school board;
2. second-degree tribunal for the village school and the parents in tanitókal cases and in all kinds of folk school disciplinary cases;
3. adjudicates complaints of the teacher or the teacher against the school board (the parties can apply directly to the Ministry of Public Education) and usually gives judgment to the school board on the procedure;
4. consults on the educational conditions of the educational district, and in the case of deficiencies it cannot help itself, it sends a report and a proposal to the county or city representative body, which makes a referral to the Minister of Public Education.
§ 131. The school council meets every quarter, and on this occasion its members pay travel expenses and daily time.
§ 132. The school council shall submit an annual report on the functioning of the school council and the state of education in the school district to the county committee or city representative body.
This annual report is always presented to the Minister of Public Education by the relevant committee or representative body.
IX. CHAPTER
About the teachers
§ 133 From now on, only those individuals who have completed the entire course in a public school and obtained a (stamp-free) tanito certificate after passing the mandatory exams are qualified for the office of tanito; or even if they did not complete a public training course, they successfully passed both the theoretical and practical exams in public training.
Those non-certified teachers who were already in office when this law was promulgated may remain at their posts, but they are obliged to prove their teaching skills and abilities before the main authority that inspects schools. Those who cannot prove this can be obliged to take supplementary studies at the nearest school during the summer holidays.
§ 134. It is also possible to take the Tanitó exam in certain disciplines and their teaching methods. However, the teacher's diploma obtained in this way only qualifies him to teach the subjects that are designated in it.
§ 135. Exceptionally, professional men who do not have a teaching certificate, but who have distinguished themselves through several years of continuous study of certain sciences, in the field of literature, can be called as teachers in civil schools.
§ 136 Tanitos are elected by a vote of the village school chair under the chairmanship and leadership of the school district school council delegate.
The result of the election must be reported to the relevant school council for approval.
§ 137. Not only certified teachers, but also young people who have completed training courses can be called assistant teachers. The right of invitation also belongs to the school chair.
If the municipality fails to fill the position of assistant teacher that has become necessary, or postpones the filling of this position: the chief school inspector of the school district may appoint an assistant teacher, reporting his appointment to the county school board.
§ 138. Teachers are elected for life, and they can only be removed from their office due to gross negligence, moral violation, or civil crime, as a result of the judgment of the school district school council.
However, such judgments must be submitted to the Minister of Public Education for confirmation.
§ 139. Vacated Tanito stations must be filled within six months at the most. During this time, an assistant teacher is employed at the school.
§ 140. In the event of the death of the teacher, his widow and orphans enjoy the entire salary and apartment for half a year from the date of death.
§ 141. A teacher may be a national, county, city, village and church representative, as well as a jury member, but may not hold any office in addition to being a teacher.
However, tasks that can be carried out locally and outside of school hours can be undertaken with the prior permission of the school authority.
Religious school teachers can assist at divine services and funerals.
§ 142. The salary of the teacher is determined by the school chair according to local conditions, with the approval of the school council of the school district.
However, even outside a decent apartment and a garden of at least a quarter of an acre, the salary cannot be less than:
a) for a regular elementary school teacher 300 frts. He. e.;
b) for an elementary folk school assistant teacher 200 frts. He. e.;
c) for upper secondary school teachers 550 frts. He. e.;
d) for an upper secondary school assistant teacher 250 frts. He. e.;
e) civil school teachers in larger cities 800 frts. He. é., in smaller places 700 frt. He. e.;
f) for civil school assistant teachers in larger cities 400 frts. He. é., in smaller places 350 frt. He. eh.
§ 143. Where it has been customary until now, or where it appears to be desirable in relation to local conditions, the proportional part of those payments in crops, calculating the 10-year average of their prices, is determined which crops are harvested and delivered by the leaders of the respective villages.
Once the quantity of these products has been determined, they cannot be shipped below.
§ 144. Where the teachers are currently drawing a salary higher than the amounts set out in § 142: they must be allowed to enjoy it for the time being.
§ 145. The municipality withholds 2 percent of the annual salary of the regular teachers each year for the aid fund and entrusts it to the county school board.
The money collected in each school district is collectively managed by the Minister of Education, publishing a detailed open account of it every year.
From this fund, teachers who have become permanently unable to work due to old age or illness and therefore cannot remain at their stations, female teachers who have become unable to work, as well as the widows (until they get married) and orphans (up to the age of 16) of deceased teachers are assisted, especially if the teacher who is to be helped or his widow has more to his needy family consisting of members.
§ 146. Aid is also given from the state treasury for the education of poor orphans of deceased teachers, and in this way:
1. that the amount voted annually is distributed among at least 100 children;
2. children can study anywhere and in any educational institution;
3. orphans only receive state aid until they are 16 years old.
§ 147. The village folk and civil school teachers are obliged to form a teaching body in every school district.
The school board of teachers is divided into as many circles as there are districts in the county.
The district circles, with the help of the villages, are obliged to meet twice a year, and the entire board once a year for a teacher's meeting.
The Minister of Public Education issues a decree to regulate student meetings.
§ 148. The implementation of this law is entrusted to the Minister of Religion and Public Education, who reports annually to the National Assembly on the matter of public education.