Are those Basques that converted to Judaism, or Jews that moved into the Basque country from elsewhere?
Religious Divisions of Al-Andalus in 1908
Religion in Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus is a predominantly Sayyida Muslim country with sizeable Christian and Jewish minorities. It is the most populous Muslim country in Europe and, along with Persia, is the third- or fourth-largest in the Muslim world, after the Delhi and Mamluk Sultanates. Al-Andalus is a non-secular state with Sayyida Islam as the official religion, though the rights of religious minorities are respected as a separate and protected class.
History
Of the three faiths which today make up Al-Andalus, Christians have been there the longest. The faith first spread here with the Romans, who called the land Hispania. The Arian Goths further propagated the Christian faith, they shifted to the Latin rite around 360. In 711 the first Moorish and Arab armies arrived and they brought with them Sunni Islam. While many Jews lived on the peninsula before the Muslim conquest, they only came in significant numbers together with the tide of Islam.
In 1492, the Emirate adopted Sayyida Islam, establishing a clear separation from the authority of the Sunni caliphs in the distant east.
Geographical Distribution
South from the lands of Al-Qila to the strait at Al-Jazira, the majority of the population professes Islam. Christians mainly live in the mountainous region of Galisiya, Asturyas and especially Al-Nabra and Qattalun. They are also concentrated in some numbers on the eastern coast of Al-Xarq and Braqra as far south as the ports of Qulumriyah and Balansiya. Urban demographics differ, as a higher concentration of Jews reside in many of Al-Andalus largest cities and towns. Most pronounced is the Jewish population in the capital Qurtuba where one may almost find a Jew for every Muslim.
Religious adherence largely corresponds to ethnic lines; Arabs and Moors practice Islam, Hebrews follow Judaism, but Mozarabs are typically either Muslims or Christians.
The Dhimmi
Dhimmi refers to the Jews and Christians of Muslim countries. The word literally means "protected person", and refers to the state's obligation to protect their rights as religious minorities. They are typically laden with an extra tax, called Jizya, and excluded from military service. Dhimmi rights and advantages have historically been upheld throughout Andalusian history, giving them an enviable position amid the world of Islam. Persecutions have been far and few between, but they are not unheard of. In 1066, a mob in Garnata massacred much of the local Jewish population, and many Jews were driven out of the country as they were held responsible for the Buebonic Death in the mid-14th century.
Map Thread XXI
- Thread starter fluttersky
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Haha alright, if it breaks suspension of disbelief, I'll switch to using rivers and watershed boundaries for more boundaries, along with some larger latitude/longitude lines.
No no you don't need to use rivers! I swear I like the boxes! It's just they need to be a bit bigger and more strategically placed is all
I made this map for Atlas Altera with three time zone systems, each with their own prime meridionals (OTL meridian, following parallels). Following the bat-and-ball themed map, this is another niche topic, one that puts into focus how we've lost different historic senses of time, though we may think it's for the better (less headaches, less math)...
These three time zone systems are all coordinated and, more importantly, consist of compromises between even more culturally distinct calendric and timekeeping systems that continue to be used by states in official capacity. One time zone accommodates cultures that count 24, 12, or 6 hour-equivalent units in a day, another accommodates for decimal and vestigial bases, and the last one accommodates for the old Emporic (OTL greater Indic) cultural systems of dividing the day into 30 and 60 hour-equivalent units while having the prime meridional set on the ancient city of Ujjain, where the Tropic of Cancer crosses over.
Essentially, all the calendric and timekeeping systems can be boiled down into one of these three time zone systems, based on the divisibility of the hour-equivalent units and the prime meridionals they chose to align with.
These three time zone systems are all coordinated and, more importantly, consist of compromises between even more culturally distinct calendric and timekeeping systems that continue to be used by states in official capacity. One time zone accommodates cultures that count 24, 12, or 6 hour-equivalent units in a day, another accommodates for decimal and vestigial bases, and the last one accommodates for the old Emporic (OTL greater Indic) cultural systems of dividing the day into 30 and 60 hour-equivalent units while having the prime meridional set on the ancient city of Ujjain, where the Tropic of Cancer crosses over.
Essentially, all the calendric and timekeeping systems can be boiled down into one of these three time zone systems, based on the divisibility of the hour-equivalent units and the prime meridionals they chose to align with.
Because this Fourth Edition Confusing Map Game was uncompleted and lost to history for two years now, I decided to revive it and fill up the rest of the map with even more eye-straining and mind-soring polities.
That is very impressive work. Are there any additions that you are particularly proud of?
We really do need to start a new version of this. With the chaos I think i've helped make capable with the worlda I think it's only fair.
Gorgeous map so far! Before you keep going though, it's "Panamá" and "Maturín" accent and tilde in the last syllable.
I completely forgot to put the accents thanks for the catch! Will edit in a bit.
Lovely map. Are all those kingdoms united under one Habsburg monarch, or are they separate states under different branches of the Habsburg family? (Or some intermediary position: say Spain and the British isles are under one monarch, while the Greater HRE is under a second and Poland under a third.)For those kingdoms which Mars gives to others, let Venus give to thee. (Or the only way to get the Franco-Swedish-Ottoman-Russo-Mughal-Thai alliance)
Well, it certainly makes for a more fascinating world than a straight, one-to-one switch. I like the idea of a ex-imperialist great power turning post-colonial and socialist - "righting one's wrongs" as a sort of historiographical narrative. And yeah, I'm aware things are generally hardly if ever so clean-cut as that - history never is - but you did say Japan here is democratic and more interested in perfecting socialism at home, which seems speaks to at least a non-interventionist policy, and in any case a definite improvement over outright Empire
(The story certainly is not a whole straight role-reversal, beyond the socialist Japan thing: the bit about the "Chinese nations throwing off their age-old enmities" doesn't speak of the aggravations of late 1930s Nazi Germany to me)
So the "world wars" of this century are still happening in Europe, but with no major wars in east Asia. There'll probably be a Cold War, though, given the ideological set-ups: the socialist UCR against capitalist/colonialist New Nippon, the North Chinese and the rest of east Asia aside Japan, who seem to be probably neutral, likely not a fan of UCR socialism but not a fan of capitalism either.
The UCR seem sorely out-matched as a sole great power by itself, though: maybe the HRE goes socialist to add some oomph to the Red camp?
The war is soon start in the story itself - the Queen apparently ordered a surprise attack on New Nippon-owned Hamburg, a la Pearl Harbor, which probably indicates an early 40s (post-December-7) writing date, though perhaps that's supposed to represent the Japanese attack on Chinese cities... I dunno.
On that note, I'm curious about the role the HRE might play - they're in the midst of internal conflict, but the coming war is like to take place in their treaty port cities in the continent, regardless of their desires to stay out of the bloodbath.
One thing that complicates things is that, unlike OTL China, they seem to be neutral, or their version of the second Sino-Japanese war was resolved before alt-Pearl Harbor ("It is not long since the last great war obtended its dark bloody wings over our continent. I myself, though scarce in the full bloom of my womanhood, even I can remember the victorious geste of British and French hosts against the heroic but miswitting Germans, whom foreign devils had abduced.")
I agree a republic would probably make more sense: revolutions that seek to radically overthrow the existing social order for whom the monarch is symbolic of generally don't end up well for the monarch in most cases, although I suppose a handwavey logical work-around could be made - perhaps the Japanese see their ruler as primarily representative of their national spirit, one that transcends their specific economic ideology at the time, or something like that (though the problem is that there can be a considerable overlap between the two that can be hard to distinguish, like say the (perhaps perceived?) intertwining of capitalism with American culture).
I can understand that. In any case it's at least a silver lining of a positive for a story that seems to be headed for a cataclysm in Europe.
Mmhmm. Honestly, if the Japanese truly are non-interventionist and don't give a dog of a crap about what the FNN is up to in Europe or India or what else, I agree with you: the Japanese are democratic, economically prosperous, and share close cultural similiarities which would probably trump any suspicion at socialism - I'm guessing a positive sort of ambivalence.I'm assuming a lack of slavery. I'd assume New Nippon doesn't think too much about current-day Japan - what would the US think of a UK that went no-bones-about-it Socialist in the 1920s? (See, "Fight and Be Right").
Apparently to the point of "the USA essentially gassing to death the inhabitants of every European city above 'large town' status"...?
Jesus Christ. Why, even? I'll have to read Last and First Men sometime.
Nah, I actually find the idea pretty fun. My original thought with the switch would be with India playing the role of (mostly) the North Africa and the Middle East (Christianity = Buddhism, religions finding a home elsewhere in Europe/East Asia, respectively, while essentially almost extinct in their originating lands). Mainland Southeast Asia would be the Balkans, which also borders the alt-Austrian equivalent. Maritime Southeast Asia and Oceania being Africa, with Australia = South Africa (both settler colonies and in the Southern Hemisphere), and Madagascar = New Zealand (islands just east of Australia/South Africa, and both are Austronesian-settled?), but of course other takes work too.
That's true. I'm not sure of how the Chinese or the Japanese viewed the concept of continents - but maybe in this context "Europe" (they probably wouldn't have used that word, though) in the east Asian mind is a term used to refer to the "Far West", anything west, of, say, the Caspian sea or Tibet or what have you, in the same way Asia in the European imagination refers to anything east of Greece, as a sort of "bunched-up-grouping" of the rest? (After all, it's not like Israel and Java share much in common culturally, despite technically being both "Asian")
I'm probably overthinking this, though. Reading the story, it seems that Olaf just imported the concept of "Europe" from OTL, not really caring to think whether the alt-east Asians would use that term specifically to refer to the "half-European" Soviet Union, or whether they'd even have a concept of clean-cut continent zones.
(Then again, the concept of "Asia" and "Europe" originate to antiquity with the Ancient Greeks - well before the POD here, given there's Vikings and Holy Romans and Tudors and all - so it's haedly impossible to assume that while the East may use some other term for "Europe", it's how Europeans view themselves, or at least how they view themselves being viewed by the East - like although east Asians might view the *Soviets as "half-barbarian/half-not-east-Asian", the Europeans in this see that as a translation of "half-European", since in this case the "not-east-Asian" elements are European, if that makes any sense. Sorry if that's confusing!)
Hmm. OTL South America would actually be a pretty good comparison here - pretty westernized though with surviving native cultural elements, and also only dubiously seen as part of the Western world, if at all. (For instance, I've never once heard Mexico or Peru called Western)
And with no ambitions on South Nippon, yet, I hope?
Anyhow, thanks and appreciate the reply!
The 2015 Irish Independence Referendum
"By the barest of margins......"
In 1912, the 3rd Home Rule Act passed. After some trouble up north in Ulster by some Ulster Militias, the Emerald Isle had, after 111 years, finally recovered the autonomy that it had lost in 1801, which had devastating consequences on Ireland during the 1840s and 1850s. The first autonomous elections took place in Ireland in early 1914 to the jubilation of the Irish people. After seventy years, Irish confidence in Westminster had been finally restored. As Redmond said - "Ireland has become the emerald jewel of the British Kingdom." In WW1, over 275,000 Irishmen served against the Central Powers, volunteering for the British Army. Their loyalty was rewarded during the Interwar Era, which saw British investment in the isle grow tenfold. During the Second World War, Irishmen volunteered for the British Army once again, with around 350,000 serving in the British Armed Forces against the Axis Powers. It was the post-Second World War Economic Depression that broke the power of the Irish Parliamentary Party, which had dominated Irish politics continuously since 1912, allowing another regionalist, but with a more nationalistic tinge party, the Irish Cooperative Party to take power in 1952 in Ireland. Although Ireland was an autonomous and integrated member of the United Kingdom, though highly autonomous, Irish nationalism experienced a resurgence during the 1960s and 1970s over British fumbling of the economy and the loss of Britain's status as a Superpower. Nevertheless, a referendum held in 1982 on the question of having a second referendum on independence was defeated and the question was thought over. As the Social Democratic Party took power in the late 1980s, and the economic troubles of the UK ended, Irish nationalism started to seep back in. The 2008-09 Second Great Depression however proved to be the hammer that would bring back Irish Nationalism in Ireland as a major political force. The victory of the Emerald Party (A Nationalist Secessionist Party) in the 2012 Irish General Elections winning a plurality of the vote brought forward the first serious case of independence in over a century. The British government, reluctantly agreed to the Cork Agreement of 2014, agreeing that a referendum on independence would take place in Ireland in 2015, with the provision that should the 'yes' vote win, then Ireland would become independent as a Commonwealth Realm within 20 months at most. The Irish Unionist Party, Irish Parliamentary Party, Irish Labour, and Irish Liberals campaigned against independence whilst the Emerald Party, Irish Nationalist Party, and Sinn Fein campaigned in favor of independence. Once the ballots were counted, Ireland had voted, by the barest of margins, to remain within the United Kingdom. "By the barest of margins......"
Thoughts and Comments?
Haven't really thought about that lol. I'm going to say that PLC monarch is a branch Habsburg. For the HRE, the Austrian branch gets the free county, wurttemberg, and milan, etc. because there isn't really a need for the spanish road as England is part of the extended empire anyways. For the west, Spain, England, and the Netherlands are united but it probably won't last under one monarch 🤷♂️
The 2015 Irish Independence ReferendumIn 1912, the 3rd Home Rule Act passed. After some trouble up north in Ulster by some Ulster Militias, the Emerald Isle had, after 111 years, finally recovered the autonomy that it had lost in 1801, which had devastating consequences on Ireland during the 1840s and 1850s. The first autonomous elections took place in Ireland in early 1914 to the jubilation of the Irish people. After seventy years, Irish confidence in Westminster had been finally restored. As Redmond said - "Ireland has become the emerald jewel of the British Kingdom." In WW1, over 275,000 Irishmen served against the Central Powers, volunteering for the British Army. Their loyalty was rewarded during the Interwar Era, which saw British investment in the isle grow tenfold. During the Second World War, Irishmen volunteered for the British Army once again, with around 350,000 serving in the British Armed Forces against the Axis Powers. It was the post-Second World War Economic Depression that broke the power of the Irish Parliamentary Party, which had dominated Irish politics continuously since 1912, allowing another regionalist, but with a more nationalistic tinge party, the Irish Cooperative Party to take power in 1952 in Ireland. Although Ireland was an autonomous and integrated member of the United Kingdom, though highly autonomous, Irish nationalism experienced a resurgence during the 1960s and 1970s over British fumbling of the economy and the loss of Britain's status as a Superpower. Nevertheless, a referendum held in 1982 on the question of having a second referendum on independence was defeated and the question was thought over. As the Social Democratic Party took power in the late 1980s, and the economic troubles of the UK ended, Irish nationalism started to seep back in. The 2008-09 Second Great Depression however proved to be the hammer that would bring back Irish Nationalism in Ireland as a major political force. The victory of the Emerald Party (A Nationalist Secessionist Party) in the 2012 Irish General Elections winning a plurality of the vote brought forward the first serious case of independence in over a century. The British government, reluctantly agreed to the Cork Agreement of 2014, agreeing that a referendum on independence would take place in Ireland in 2015, with the provision that should the 'yes' vote win, then Ireland would become independent as a Commonwealth Realm within 20 months at most. The Irish Unionist Party, Irish Parliamentary Party, Irish Labour, and Irish Liberals campaigned against independence whilst the Emerald Party, Irish Nationalist Party, and Sinn Fein campaigned in favor of independence. Once the ballots were counted, Ireland had voted, by the barest of margins, to remain within the United Kingdom.
"By the barest of margins......"
Thoughts and Comments?
I love to see the flip side of a Yes victory and a completely independent Ireland.
"From my earliest youth I have regarded the connection between Ireland and Great Britain as the curse of the Irish nation, and felt convinced, that while it lasted this country would never be free or happy."
Wolfe Tone, 1798
Here is a short QBAM scenario ....
What if the Republic won the Civil War but splits between various fractions remained deep afterwards.
A cold rivalry between the Republic and the Anarchists, while various autonomous regional governments in the North try to remain neutral and largely self-governed.
Since I'm not that well educated about the Spanish Civil War feel free to correct my idea.
What if the Republic won the Civil War but splits between various fractions remained deep afterwards.
A cold rivalry between the Republic and the Anarchists, while various autonomous regional governments in the North try to remain neutral and largely self-governed.
Since I'm not that well educated about the Spanish Civil War feel free to correct my idea.
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