According to the Jewish Virtual Library, there were 4,224,000 Jews left in Europe in March of 1946.
If there is no Zionist homeland at this point then I think that we need to look further about where the were significant populations of Jewish people in Europe to actually establish communities. I won't go into smaller nations or nations where the populations actually dipped enough to make them completely insignificant.
Soviet Union: In 1939 the estimated Jewish population was 13,560,000 which even spread over the western parts of the USSR made for significant enclaves of Jewish communities. However, in 1946 that population had been reduced to 2,665,000. Still enough to have communities but on a much smaller scale with a much smaller impact on culture. Whether Khrushchev would have been more lenient on Soviet Jews and let them go west is very doubtful imho.
Poland: In 1939 in Poland the Jewish population was 3,351,000 and in 1946 it was 80,000. There were roughly another 180,000 displaced Polish Jews in other countries but the vast bulk of these were in the USSR where they may not have been allowed the freedom to come home to Poland. As well, the climate in Poland was not good for those Jews that were left. There were several incidents of major violence against Jews after the Holocaust with some estimates of 2,500 Jews killed by the Polish. I can see these people desperately trying to get West before the Iron Curtain fully decends.
Germany: In 1939 in Germany the Jewish population was 215,000 (est) and in 1946 it was 80,000. I think that the vast majority of the German Jews left would have emigrated to the UK, France, Canada and the USA like many did in OTL. The Jewish community in German was destroyed and pretty well remained that way with small inroads being made recently.
Austria: Betweeen 1937 and 1939 over 100,000 Jews either emigrated or were deported from Austria leaving the population already much reduced by the start of the war (estimated at 60k). By 1946, just 18,000 were left. In OTL about 1/2 of those chose to stay but like in Poland incidents of violence against Jews in Austria was high (50-60 killed during 1946 - believed to be mainly vendetta killing amongst the Jewish population). A large number would go to the already mentioned nations above leaving the Jewish community in Austria decimated.
Czechoslovakia: In 1939 the Jewish population was 315,000 and in 1946 it 65,000. However, the majority of the Jews left in Czechoslovakia were displaced persons from Poland and Hungary leaving the actual number of Czech Jews at less than 28,000. The post-holocaust violence there was subdued so I think that this number would have settled in Prague again.
In the Western European Nations the Jewish population would have settled back into life as well as they could. There would have been initiatives to help them just like all other refugees get back on their feet. Perhaps the Marshall Plan in this instance would have specifically addressed the Jews in Europe.
It would be interesting to see that given enough pressure by Jewish political groups if maybe a Colonial possession of one of the victors would have been given to the Jews instead of Israel as a homeland. And if the Jewish groups would have been interested in taking it given it wasn't too hostile of an environment (I mean biosphere not people).
One side effect is that the Jewish homeland gave the Jewish people in Europe a very important human emotion needed for survival - Hope. Without this hope, thus returning to a land that seemingly (or realistically) didn't want them would have sent many of the malnurished and depressed Jews over the edge. The post holocaust survival rates would have been lower amongst these people. Europe's harsh winters and climate would have added to this number.
Anyways, just my thoughts.