Questions on the logistics and economics of medieval raiding and looting

Raiding and looting...

A big part of medieval warfare,,, sometimes the whole purpose of wars...or armies.......or political groupings or entities

There was even religious scripture about it, such as appropriate divisions of shares of loot in Islamic holy warfare between holy warriors (1/3 of the total) and relgious foundations/endowments (some other proportion) and the ruler/commander/states? (yet another porion)?.

But in, for example, the campaigns of Islamic expansion in the 7th and 8th centuries, what was the quantity of loot we are talking about, and what would it typically consist of?

For example, what would be typical tonnage of loot hauled away from a city taken by storm?

And would human captives count against the total tonnage of loot? Or would they be a separately counted category?
What about livestock animals?

Of a ton of inanimate loot objects, how much would be, for example, precious stones, versus precious metals, or mixed jewelry, glassware, mirrors, kitchen or dining ware like pots, cups, plates, utensils, blankets, rugs, fabrics, tents, furniture, tools, or consumables, including food and drink and drugs, of either long or short shelf life, like wine, spices, cured meat, sacks of flour, sacks of harvested grain?

What did raiders and looters tend to have in terms of a 'postal' or 'logistic' system to keep control of all their irregularly shaped and variously durable and delicate and breakable stolen goods, people, and animals, goods packed (if appropriate-or not :(), under control, and moving in the right direction at the right pace while they were still fighting running to battle or away from it? This all seems very difficult without cars, highways, UPS and USPS, refrigeration, and so on. And it also seems, given the relative scarcity of really valuable precious metals and stones, that you'd think nomadic and other raiders would get kind of bored after a while ripping off pottery and dinnerware from town after town and lose some enthusiasm. Is there a big raiding prize I'm missing here?
 
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The answers here probably varied widely from place to place and time to time. The loot from , say, a sea-based raid on Sicily would be very different then a raid in Central Asia...so different as to be separate subjects, probably.
 
The answers here probably varied widely from place to place and time to time. The loot from , say, a sea-based raid on Sicily would be very different then a raid in Central Asia...so different as to be separate subjects, probably.

Sacking towns is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're gonna get....

----Jangali ibn-Gumparvian- Persian Jihadi
---- Waldo Gumpussen - Viking Raider
 
What did raiders and looters tend to have in terms of a 'postal' or 'logistic' system to keep control of all their irregularly shaped and variously durable and delicate and breakable stolen goods, people, and animals, goods packed (if appropriate-or not :(), under control, and moving in the right direction at the right pace while they were still fighting running to battle or away from it? This all seems very difficult without cars, highways, UPS and USPS, refrigeration, and so on. And it also seems, given the relative scarcity of really valuable precious metals and stones, that you'd think nomadic and other raiders would get kind of bored after a while ripping off pottery and dinnerware from town after town and lose some enthusiasm. Is there a big raiding prize I'm missing here?
Stealing pottery and dinnerware was good. That's free stuff for their family, and especially good if the people being raided were under attack for not paying tribute. If it was metal, they could always melt it down to make something more useful too.

For nomadic peoples, much of the loot they'd receive is what would otherwise be given to them in tribute, or otherwise readily purchased with the money from tribute.
 
There's a good thread on this at AskHistorians; ancient historian and blogger Bret Devereux has made posts about the Battlefield itself and a particularly detail-heavy critique of Game of Thrones' Loot Train Battle that contains various useful tidbits.

The gist of it is, pre-modern armies were highly restricted in carry capacity so looting was limited to stuff with a excellent value to size ratio - like precious things or prisoners to ransom or enslave. To do 'better' you had to have a navy on hand, such as those of the Vikings or of the Saracens (or Venice in 1204); otherwise people just grabbed whatever they could get away with and wholesale but overall light looting happened, which is hard to track down.
There are cases such as Pliska where looting even becomes a liability on the campaign, because that loot train, if not brought back home via ships, is going to be an easy target and a huge loss of focus.
As for conflict, the main goal is conquest of administrative centers, which you want intact, so pillage only works insofar the threat of it makes you avoid costly sieges that eat into your supply capacity or if you have ulterior motives (religious emnity). Those loot ratios seems to be thought of for medieval back and forth raiding on the Armenian border, where ghazi convened in hope of loot and Byzantine commanders retaliated with extensive counter-raiding.
 
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For example, what would be typical tonnage of loot hauled away from a city taken by storm?

And would human captives count against the total tonnage of loot? Or would they be a separately counted category? What about livestock animals?
My guess is number of invaders x 1-3 kg. They would only grab valuable: gold, silver, silk, spices, armour, horse, lacquerware, young female, etc

Livestock raiding only happen in shorter range border raids: Welsh or Anatolia.
 
My guess is number of invaders x 1-3 kg. They would only grab valuable: gold, silver, silk, spices, armour, horse, lacquerware, young female, etc

Livestock raiding only happen in shorter range border raids: Welsh or Anatolia.
The Celts did indulge in a spot of cattle raiding, and made a big deal of it. At least one of the Irish Cu Cullain legends features a stolen bull, and I'm sure cattle raids feature in other stories. It's a very long time since I read the Irish tales and a fair while since reading the Mabinogion, so I can't provide more detail at the moment.
 
I read recently that a museum in Scandinavia has an interactive game for children to play where you get to fill a slave ship in Ireland to maximize profits.
 
The Celts did indulge in a spot of cattle raiding, and made a big deal of it. At least one of the Irish Cu Cullain legends features a stolen bull, and I'm sure cattle raids feature in other stories. It's a very long time since I read the Irish tales and a fair while since reading the Mabinogion, so I can't provide more detail at the moment.
The first part of Livy is basically a catalog of cattle raids (and other raids) back and forth between the Romans and their neighbors. Livestock raiding, especially cattle raiding, was very common wherever there was livestock to raid and not enough of a central or overarching authority to stop it. It's a lot easier to get away with loot that can walk, after all...
 
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