…The decision to attack Greece was made on March 30th, two weeks were allotted to move forces into position to deal with the Greeks, leaving the attack to start on April 14th. The Greeks had 24 divisions after their latest reorganization, 21 infantry and 3 cavalry. 12 Infantry divisions were located in Northern Greece, covering their borders with Italian Albania, Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria, 7 infantry divisions and 2 cavalry divisions were located in Ionia to face the Turks, a single reinforced infantry division was holding the detached part of Thrace, and a single infantry and cavalry division remained in reserve, with 200 aircraft to cover the skies.
Against this the Italians committed 2 mountain, 6 infantry, 2 bicycle infantry, 2 motorized stormtrooper and 2 cavalry divisions operating out of Albania, along with 300 aircraft and the heavy surface elements of the Italian navy. The Yugoslavs could only contribute 50 aircraft and a single infantry regiment. The Bulgarians would contribute 8 infantry and 4 cavalry divisions, along with 200 aircraft. The Turks would contribute about 100,000 irregulars, their regular forces having been effectively shattered by the Greeks. Germany would contribute a Panzer Corps, a Mountain Corps, and their Corps of Airmobile Infantry, with a second Panzer Corps, a Motorized Corps and their paratroopers in reserve if needed, supported by 900 aircraft.
The plan called for the Italians to attack out of Albania and fix the majority of Greek forces. The Bulgarians would take the detached portion of Greek Thrace and attack west from their portion of Thrace along the coast, fixing more Greek forces there. The German Mountain Corps would break the Greek frontier defenses north of Thessaloniki while the Panzer Corps would attack through the valley south of Monastir, break into the Thessalian plains and then into Boeotia, Attica and the Peloponnese in that order. The Airmobile Corps would be airlifted into Turkey to start the attack on the Greeks in Ionia, to be reinforced by the Reserve Panzer Corps once the routes through Thrace were available. Follow on attacks would take the Greek islands in concert with the Italians…
…The movement of 40 divisions was impossible to hide and the British learned of the Pact deployments by April 3rd. Churchill initially wanted to take the reserves allocated to Egypt, one Australian and one New Zealand Infantry Division and an independent British Armored Brigade, and have them directly reinforce the Greeks on the mainland to try and hold a line north of Thessaly. This was very quickly determined to be impractical and by the end of the day Churchill was thinking of a deployment anchored on Thermopylae to protect southern Greece, Boeotia, Attica and the Peloponnese, with most of the Greek islands protected by proxy.
The Imperial General Staff quickly determined that a forward deployment was inviable, as the Pact forces would have air supremacy and be able to deploy a corps of paratroopers behind their lines in the Peloponnese and render their position impossible. Furthermore such a forward deployment would require all seven proposed Brigades, Brigades that Pope in Egypt needed to stop the Italians. Many in the War Cabinet did not want to strip any reserves from Egypt at all, viewing defeating the Italians there as more important than holding a part of Greece and Churchill found himself having to justify holding Greece by providing the RAF with advanced bases to strike at the Romanian oil fields and to threaten the seaward Italian flank in North Africa.
A compromise was proposed, that only one Australian brigade and only the Infantry and Light Tanks of the armored brigade would be sent and that the plan would be to hold the Peloponnese, using the Isthmus of Corinth as a choke point. While possible, as a single division backed by an independent artillery regiment could hold the three and two thirds mile long Corinth Canal, it also relied on two brigades as well as any Greek remnants to hold 120 miles of coastline on the Gulf of Corinth and to provide rear area security against paratrooper landings. It was doable if the Greek forces fell back in good order, but that was something that the Imperial General Staff did not expect to occur against rapid German Panzer thrusts and massive air attacks. It was still possible if the Greeks were willing to redeploy their reserves and rapid reaction troops to the Peloponnese, however requests to do so were refused on April 5th as the Greeks still wanted to try and hold onto most of their mainland possessions
A revised plan was quickly made, the troops intended for Greece would move to secure Crete as a place for the Greek government to fall back to and rally resistance from and a forward airbase a hundred miles closer to the oilfields at Ploesti than Cyprus was and much better positioned to provide support to the Western Desert Theater…
…The British were confident that the Italian fleet would not be able to interfere with their operations on Crete and with good reason. Over the course of March no fewer than three Italian battleships had been disabled by British attacks, Duilio on March 13th by HMS U-14, Roma on March 26th in the ambush of an attempted bombardment raid on Egypt by Ghost torpedo bombers off of HMS Audacious and what was believed to be Vittorio by HMS U-19 on the 27th returning from the raid. None of the ships were destroyed or irreparably damaged but all of them were at least out of action until August.
An intercept of an Italian communique on April 3rd confirmed that three battleships were out of action and thus in British minds meant that the available Italian modern units would be Littorio, Actium and Lepanto, a force outmatched by Queen Elizabeth, Warspite and Repulse, and possible the Greek Nika as well, given the demonstrated Italian unwillingness to risk their older battleships to even the odds. With Audacious to soften up attackers and provide overwatch Admiral Somerville was confident of handing the Italian Navy a major defeat if they attempted to interfere with the British around Crete.
What he and the rest of the Royal Navy were not yet aware of was that the Battleship Andrea Doria had struck an Italian defensive mine that had come loose on March 20th, and that it was the already damaged Roma that had been torpedoed on March 27th and not the Vittorio…
…Hitler made it clear to Demir that he was not happy about having to divert troops to a sideshow because of his border incident. If Demir wanted the full quantity of weapons and other assistance that had been promised he would have to do more for Hitler than simply allow transit rights for and take part in Otto. Hitler demanded that he use his connections with the Islamist movements in the British portions of the Middle East to foment revolt and otherwise stir up trouble for the British.
Demir agreed to this concession immediately, as it was something that he wanted to do on his own. What he did not tell Hitler was that he would also be doing his best to stir up trouble in French Syria and Lebanon as well…
-Excerpt From The Fall of Europe, Scholastic American Press, Philadelphia, 2005
…As Otto approached and the British blockade tightened Hitler was briefed that there was projected to be a serious shortfall in food from Fall of 1942 into Fall of 1943 in German controlled and allied Europe, unless the British would choose to end their blockade after the success of Otto. This was considered unlikely, as was the possibility that cereal production in the Ukraine would fully recover within a year after Otto, meaning that a food shortage would likely continue well into 1944.
This briefing, combined with the previous briefing from the same meeting about known difficulties with the proposed mass expulsions of the Jewish population led Hitler to make his famous remark of “You say we have too many Jews, you say we have too little food, the solution is obvious.” This remark is considered the beginning of the Volkist Population Reductions as distinct from the general racial oppression of the Volkist regime…
…Hitler had always intended to wipe out the Jews according to his private papers, however before and during the early phases of WWII this was always considered a problem for later, after the British and French had been humbled, the USSR had been destroyed, and potentially America had been humbled as well. The food crisis faced by the Reich simply gave Hitler an excuse to spend resources on one of his long term goals immediately rather than in the distant future…
…Senior Gestapo official Reinhard Heydrich was given the task of overseeing the Reduction of the Population of Jews and other undesirables. Heydrich quickly developed a system of priorities based on both an individuals perceived danger to the Reich and their value as a laborer. Jews, despite the virulent antisemitism of the Volkists, were actually middle ranked in terms of danger as while they possessed a racial threat in the long term Heydrich felt that the people of the Reich were well inoculated against Jewish propaganda and manipulations. Instead he was more concerned about political enemies of the Reich of ethnic German stock, socialists, communists and trade unionists, who might be listened to by the common people of the Reich. It was these who were first targeted in the so called Population Reductions…
…The Population Reductions did not officially start until December of 1942 after Heydrich had worked out a comprehensive plan and set of policy goals, but impromptu massacres had started by April of 1942, as well as a steady program of deliberate starvation in the ghettos of Europe…
-Excerpt From The Great Dying: the Volkist Genocides, Harper & Brothers, New York, 2012