Julien Lahaut (September 6, 1884 – April 30, 1958) was a Belgian politician and communist activist who served as Chairman of the People’s Republic of Belgium from 1927 to 1949 and Chairman of the Communist Party of Belgium from 1926 to 1949.
In the aftermath of the World War, the country had been ruined by German occupation. The voting population, especially in Wallonia and Brussels, shifted heavily towards Marxism in the Transitional Period of 1918 to 1927. In 1923, Lahaut would be elected to represent the city of Seraing in the House of Representatives, supported by its many steel factory workers. He would quickly be noted for his leadership skills and ability to radicalize and rally citizens to the communist cause. The collapse of the Labor Party and Liberal Party in favor of the Communists would amplify Lahaut’s public perception. In 1926, he was appointed party chairman after Joseph Jacquemotte stepped down.
The communists scored a majority of seats in the 1927 elections, causing a crisis due to their hardline republican stance. It looked like Lahaut might not be seated, but his supporters from all over the country traveled to the capital, violently demonstrating against a potential coup. These rioters caught the attention of the entire continent. The Belgian royal family, conservative opposition, and bourgeoise would flee in terror to form a government-in-exile located in Leopoldville, Belgian Congo.
Neighboring communist France would prove to be a crucial ally, protecting little Belgium from invasion. Lahaut quickly accumulated vast power in his first months in office. Besides militant Flemish independence guerillas and the odd threat sent from the Congo, few hazards threatened his reign. Sham elections were held in 1931, 1935, 1939, 1943, and 1947 with supermajorities being “won” each time. Lahaut would rule as chairman until 1949, stepping down to be replaced by successor Edgar Lalmand. He developed Parkinson’s in 1952 and died in 1958. Millions paid respects to him at his state funeral.
Lahautism as an ideology is on the leftist orthodox, authoritarian, and syndicalist sides of communism. Critics would point to the criminalization of opposition parties and free speech, propagandistic indoctrination, cult of personality, and use of state violence as evidence that Lahaut was a tyrant in comparison to contemporary communist leaders. However, as living standards greatly improved, Lahaut would prove exceptionally popular with his subjects and is considered the architect of the modern Belgian state. He is regarded by many as both one of the best leaders in Belgium’s history and one of the most influential Europeans of the 20th century.
Lahaut has appeared in various works of pop culture. For instance, he is mentioned as the villainous ruler of the fictional Union of European Socialist Republics in the alternate history science fiction novel The Martian Century.