Of all the first years for Presidents, 2005 was on the Top 10 for all the wrong reasons. Her inauguration was the beginning of it all. The press was jubilant, the country was celebrating, and there was Hillary: regal and Presidential. She wore a simply black dress with a black coat that was as long as her dress – all of it accented with a green scarf wrapped delicately around her neck. Her appearance was critiqued: it was the first inaugural address delivered by a female in U.S. History. In the debates Hillary had set the tone for style in one manner but now things were completely different – she had won and the entire world was watching. She took the Oath of Office at precisely noon as her former opponent, George Bush, sat only a few feet away. Bush was not bitter in fact he was somewhat relieved, disappointed he’d followed in his father’s footsteps, but relieved that the responsibilities were passed to a new leader. He had seen too much in his first four years and he prayed for Hillary that she was more successful than he was. As Chief Justice Rehnquist concluded the Oath of Office and Hillary said the final words, “So help me God”, the largest inauguration crowd in American history burst into applause and cheers. She shook the Chief Justice’s hand, hugged Bill and Chelsea, and then turned to face the sprawling crowd beneath her – this was really happening. The moment she had wanted for her entire life had finally arrived and there was no one prouder than she, it was time to knock ‘em dead. She started off with a little bit of humor, “President Bush, the
other President Clinton…” with small laughter scattering through the reviewing stand Clinton took the time to gather her thoughts and proceed. Her address was short, she knew that, but it wasn’t the length that mattered it was the substance and the style that would count.
Her address was only 1,499 words, but in it the simplistic and straightforward approach won her much praise. She talked of an America where the country was not despised but admired on the world stage. She talked of an America where schools were well-funded and the kids well-taught. She talked of country where all people were truly created equal. She briefly touched on the fact that she was the first woman President but instead of directly mentioning it she said, “You made history in November with my election, I hope to make history these next four years with your assistance.” The line was likely the most memorable. Furthermore she positioned herself as a forceful Commander-in-Chief by reminding the world stage that she was simply in office to continue the legacy of the United States and that her presidency should be treated no differently than any of her predecessors. Finally she thanked the nation and left the reviewing stand. Like Thomas Jefferson and Jimmy Carter before her she walked the entire parade route back to the White House with Bill and Chelsea by her side. When she returned to the White House she held a brief meeting with White House Senior Staff, including her Chief of Staff: Patti Solis Doyle. Her administration was off to a strong start with the Inaugural Ceremonies beginning that night.
“MR. SPEAKER: THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,” the voice boomed as Hillary Clinton walked onto the floor of the chamber of the U.S. House of Representatives where she would deliver her first State of the Union address. The date was February 1, 2001 and President Clinton was about deliver the outline for the first year of her Administration. She shook hands with Vice President Richardson and Speaker Steny Hoyer before turning to address the Congress. Her speech began by touching on the issue of the economy. Clinton announced she wanted to raise the minimum wage and pass the Fair Pay Act – both of which were reasonable expectations she had the votes in the House and could expect at least one Republican to cross over on both bills and that would be all she needed, the problem would be getting Senator Frist to agree to bring them up for a vote. She also touched on national defense, promising to “bring justice” to the families of 9/11 victims. Furthermore she reminded the Congress that the reasons for the Iraq War were purely political and that it was time to respect the nation of Iraq and to bring the troops home. She informed the nation she wanted all troops home by 2007. The speech was not as memorable as her Inaugural Address but it was forceful and bipartisan. “In the spirit of cooperation,” Clinton said, “we must work to rebuild the American dream – together.”
The rest of February was much of a success for Clinton. She issued several executive orders that included canceling the “Mexico City Policy” as well as suspending “enhanced interrogation methods” on Guantanamo Bay – she planned to close the camp in the middle of her second term. Hillary immediately got to work with Congress, calling the top congressional leaders from both parties for both houses into the White House to discuss her first priority which was largely a softball issue: energy reform. The Senate wouldn’t go for it without at the very least a “small” oil subsidy as well as a subsidy for coal. Though it may cost Hillary some support she was able to shore up Democratic support with the bill’s main goals: increased environmental protection and billions of dollars of research in alternative energy sources. The bill was passed by razor thin margins in both the House and Senate but Clinton was able to sign it before her first 100 days in office were over. The President was also given the opportunity to veto her first legislation: the “Class Action Fairness Act of 2005” – her veto was not overturned by Congress. The next matter for her to lead was the Minimum Wage increase. She toured the nation, touting her bill and calling on Congress to “man-up and support the middle class!” When at a town hall event an older man stood up and said, “Mrs. President: are you trying to bankrupt small businesses on purpose or are you just clueless?” Clinton handled the question like a pro. “I see you’ve bought into the Republicans’ myth as well and that’s really sad – it’s sad that so many Americans buy into it. The fact of the matter is there is zero evidence to suggest there is a link between increased minimum wage and decreased business profit. Yes it sounds like it makes sense because the business has to pay their workers more but in reality they’re making more income because families can spend more: a minimum wage increase is completely necessary to support the middle class.” Her answer won her praise among leading Democrats and it was constantly replayed by the media. When the bill passed the House public support was largely in favor of it and Frist was forced to bring it up for debate and eventually a vote. With the support of a few Republicans the bill passed 52-48. As Clinton signed the bill the minimum wage became set to increase to $7.25 an hour and with that her first 100 days in office had slipped by.
In May Hillary went overseas meeting with European Leaders and eventually with U.S. troops stationed in Iraq and Afghanistan. The trip was very important as it was the first time a female Head of State from the U.S. went abroad. Clinton would later write in her memoirs that she was very nervous about the trip and how it would be seen but admits she enjoyed meeting with Angela Merkel of Germany the most – except for her time with the troops. While meeting with the troops Hillary began to get a real feel for how the War was going, the troops needed support and she would not cooperate with Democrats who wanted to hold funding hostage to push their agenda. The most threatening part of her visit came in Iraq where a young man, about 21, attempted to storm the military base the President was visiting with a bomb strapped to his chest. The man was apprehended well before he reached the entrance to the base and his bomb failed to detonate but it was a gruesome reminder that the President was at risk of terrorist attack wherever she went. After her return from the trip the President was informed that Sandra Day O’Connor had announced her resignation from the Supreme Court and that she would need to come up with a new appointment to the bench. O’Connor was a swing vote and Clinton had the ability to tip the balance of the court, but with a Republican-controlled Senate she would need to be careful not to pick someone too liberal. The name at the top of the President’s list was Carlos Moreno and the President announced his appointment in mid-July. However the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist meant that the President would withdraw Moreno’s nomination and appoint him as Chief Justice. The search resumed for someone to replace Sandra Day O’Connor. The President then decided to appoint Merrick Garland to the bench to replace O’Connor meaning that the Supreme Court had been reduced to one female. Moreno was confirmed 59-41 and was sworn-in on October 3rd. Garland was confirmed 61-39 and sworn in on November 18th.
On August 25th the President was briefed about Hurricane Katrina, a Category 2 Hurricane that was expected to enter the Gulf of Mexico before turning into the Florida Panhandle. The next day the President was informed of that not only had the storm been upgraded to a Category 3 it was no longer likely to hit Florida’s Panhandle but was expected to make landfall along the Mississippi coast. The President met with her Chief of Staff and several other advisers before declaring a State of Emergency in selected regions of Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi, three days before Katrina made landfall. The director of the National Hurricane Center met with the President on August 27th where he said there was a good chance that the storm could surpass the levees in New Orleans – the President called Mayor Nagin and Governor Blanco and advised them to evacuate the city. She forced the Governor’s hand and the Governor announced an evacuation immediately. At noon on August 27th Mayor Nagin ordered a mandatory evacuation for the city. President Clinton ordered FEMA to assist the New Orleans City Government and Louisiana State Government in preparing the Superdome with food, water, and other supplies in anticipation for the storm. When the hurricane made landfall it was even worse than expected and eventually broke the levees in New Orleans. On Wednesday night Air Force One touched down in Louisiana and President Clinton joined Blanco and Nagin in assisting the refuges. The President visited the Superdome where she met with refuges, handed out water bottles, and talked with thousands of people. The President returned to Washington Friday morning. Clinton’s response to the Hurricane seemed too good to be true and thought the death toll exceeded 1,000 many credit Clinton with doing “all she could” her approval soared to 63% in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Some said she had put the state in play for her 2008 reelection bid.
Two days before Thanksgiving the President was informed of a potential terrorist attack. Two Afghani-Americans were being monitored until they dropped-off the radar. When the FBI entered the home they found plans to attack well-populated malls in New York City on Black Friday. Debate ensued about whether the public should be immediately notified but the President decided not to make the news public right away instead they decided to apprehend the third member of the group who they suspected to be linked to the two that went missing. The third suspect refused to cooperate and President Clinton was forced to decide whether or not to use enhanced interrogation techniques against the suspect in custody. It went against everything she stood for but Bill urged her that it was necessary to authorize the methods because of the short time frame. Finally the President told the Situation Room they were to do what was necessary to extract information but she only wanted the end result presented to her – if she heard that torture methods were used she would not tolerate it. The Attorney General understood her implication and authorized the enhanced methods by FBI officials. At 5:55 p.m. on the night before Thanksgiving the President was given the location of the two suspects and one additional member – all three were apprehended and the President addressed the nation from the Oval Office warning them to be safe this Holiday Season. By informing the American public of the general situation she raised the awareness level but didn’t launch the country into a full panic. Her statements were broad during her speech but she made it clear that she would “not tell my own family or friends it was unsafe to shop, but we should exercise extra caution this holiday season.” No attacks occurred on Thanksgiving.
Thank you to Jay Roosevelt for the picture of Hillary on Inauguration Day