Kings of Greater Zimbabwe
What if Nyatsimba Mutota didn't abandon Great Zimbabwe after conquering Mutapa?
1430 - 1455: Nyatsimba (House of Mutota) [1]
1455 - 1494: Changamire (House of Mutota) [2]
1494 - 1539: Kakubi (House of Mutota) [3]
1539 - 1555: Mwenedehwe (House of Mutota) [4]
1555 - 1579: Nyatsusu (House of Mutota) [5]
1579 - 1635: Inyewangahaya (House of Mutota) [6]
1635 - 1660: Tendaji "John" (House of Mutota) [7]
1660 - 1702: Ali Baroma (House of Mutota) [8]
1702 - 1740: Muhammad Paul (House of Mutota) [9]
1740 - 1760: Berhanu (House of Mutota) [10]
King of Kings of Greater Zimbabwe
1760 - 1777: Berhanu (House of Mutota) [10]
1777 - 1803: Zuri (House of Mutota) [11]
1803 - 1825: Isak Dlembeu (House of Rozwi) [12]
1825 - 1841: Dingane (House of kaSenzangakhona) [13]
1841 - 1849: Njabulo (House of kaSenzangakhona) [14]
1849 - 1878: Yakob Chivere (House of Mukombwe) [15]
[1] After conquering Mutapa, Nyatsimba combines Zimbabwe and the new land into Greater Zimbabwe, to be ruled from the city Great Zimbabwe. He dies of old age.
[2] Invades the neighbouring kingdom of Butwa, but fails and is forced to become a vassal of Butwa. However, he is freed by a coalition of minor kingdoms and Swahili merchants. Upon his death, he leaves the kingdom without losing or gaining anything.
[3] Kakubi constructed a second ring of walls as the city of Great Zimbabwe grew out beyond the first ring. With trade goods flowing in from as far away as Arabia and China the Zimbabwe Kingdom grew even wealthier, Kakubi was also the first ruler of Zimbabwe to meet Europeans, specifically a group of Portuguese merchants, who recorded with awe the massive constructions, the great wealth, and power of Great Zimbabwe, they also noted with scorn the strange 'pagan' religion that was practiced in the Kingdom.
[4] Mwenedehwe was known across the land before becoming King as a great warrior in his fathers army and outspoken about his distrustful of the Portuguese merchants, when in 1550, a Portuguese army landed on the coast.
Mwenedehwe was able to defend off the invaders, following this he bannished all Portuguese merchants and Catholic missionaries from his kingdom.
[5] It was during Nyatsusu's reign that many of the ideas and technologies introduced by the Portuguese truly took hold in Great Zimbabwe. Specifically the gunpowder weapons and military tactics that were used to great effect on Butwa, rendering that once proud kingdom as a vassal of Zimbabwe. However Nyatsusu suspected that the Portuguese would come back and in greater numbers, so he did what he could to develop his kingdom as much as he could to withstand such an event.
[6] Inyewangahaya was known for his succesful conquests of the Bemba and Tonga ethnolinguistic groups, living in the then northern frontier of the country. To further consolidate his rule over the newly-enlarged kingdom, he personally planned the creation of a new capital fortress-city in the northern banks of the Zambezi river, moving with him were the whole royal court, the nobles and prominent traders, all of them were Swahili-speaking. Despite his reputation as a great warrior-king and an able statesman, Inyewangahaya was more remembered for his harem; the tales of court scheming and internal politics scandalized the Portuguese Roman Catholic priests who occassionally visited the royal complex. Nevertheless, the tales provided a good source of topics in modern Swahili-language literature, as well as its numerous film and television drama adaptations.
[7] Tendaji converted to Chrisitanity, taking the name "John" upon his baptism. He did this because "newfound faith" but some suggest it was the threat of invasion and because the Christian religious hierarchy would allow him to extend royal power. He allowed Jesuit missonaries in to convert the population but to also modernize the country and develop Christian education institutions.Some syncretism occured with some of the old religious practices being combined with the new.
[8] Baroma, after being insulted by missionaries, decided to convert to Islam, influenced by Inwewangahaya's Swahili court. His reign saw most of the non-Christian populace of the kingdom convert to Islam, while letting Christian vassals continue controlling Christian regions of the kingdom. Upon his death, a three-way war broke out between Christian, Islamic, and traditionalist factions.
[9] After the Religious War Baroma's son Mohammed, who studied all three relions united the religions, and reigning under two names of Mohammed Paul. His reign was one of liberal tolerance.
[10] Berhanu "the Great" formalised the united religions into Njia ya Mungu, or the Divine Path in Swahili. The religion spread throughout the Kingdom and other parts of Africa. Berhanu would lead the famous "March to the Sea" that would conquer and integrate all of South Africa. European attempts to attack fail and were destroyed at "the Battle of the Cape" securing the Kindom for some time against incursion. Berhanu then declared himself King of Kings and spent the remianing time securing and modernising the nation.
[11] Zuri was the only living child of Berhanu and his daughter, making her the first female ruler of Great Zimbabwe in it's recorded history. She chose to reign as 'King of Kings' and continued her father's policies of modernization, ordering the construction of new roads, trade routes, and canals. She also constructed the first universities and libraries in southern Africa and created the kingdom's first navy and established contact with the Kingdom of Madagascar and it's monarch Radama I. As the Europeans began to industrialize, Zuri became interested in the new technologies and introduced them into the kingdom, unknowingly laying the foundation for Africa's Industrial Revolution.
[12] Debate over the succession lead to the (by now titular) king of Butwa returning to power and taking over the kingdom. Immediately after taking the throne, he started a despotic reign, abolishing the many noble titles and establishing himself as a military ruler. His religious policy was confused, leading scholars to believe that he was a fervent atheist hemmed in by religious pressure. However, he rolled back modernisation, claiming that it was a waste of money. His reign ended when Sotho tribes from the far south looted the kingdom due to his insults, leading to his deposition.
[13] In the chaos unleashed by the reign of Isak Dlembeu, the half-brother of the legendary warrior Shaka, Dingane seized the capital and proclaimed himself the King of Kings of Greater Zimbabwe (along with his title 'King of the Zulus'). He spent the bulk his reign repairing the damage caused by his predecessor, barely averting a British invasion of southern Africa. Dingane died in 1841, having managed to stabilize the region and left the Kingdom to Njabulo.
[14] Njabulo's reign was greatly affected by a speech made in faraway London, where the Lutheran minister Carl der Win challenged his faithful to convert the world to Christianity. When English, Dutch, French, and German missionaries from various Protestant faiths were turned away from the Kingdom, they exaggerated their expulsion as martyrdom and persecution. England, France, the Netherlands, and Hanover each sent armies to accompany the missionaries and pillaged most of the Kingdom's lands in the Cape and Natal. Njabulo sent emissaries to Portugal, Castile, Aragon, Oman, and even the Ottomans to appeal for help against this incursion, but was poisoned (presumably by the missionaries) with arsenic before the emissaries reached Constantinople, Muscat, Lisbon, Toledo, and Barcelona.
[15] Yakob Chivere took over in the chaos after the assassination of Njabulo. He returned the kingdom to Shona rule, and reestablished the Njia ya Mungu religious hierarchy. However, his reign saw increasing problems with the Ismailids (rulers of Egypt), who vassalised the Swahili states and were preparing to move on to Zimbabwe next. However he did defeat both the Zulu and the Sotho and pushed them out of his land.
What if Nyatsimba Mutota didn't abandon Great Zimbabwe after conquering Mutapa?
1430 - 1455: Nyatsimba (House of Mutota) [1]
1455 - 1494: Changamire (House of Mutota) [2]
1494 - 1539: Kakubi (House of Mutota) [3]
1539 - 1555: Mwenedehwe (House of Mutota) [4]
1555 - 1579: Nyatsusu (House of Mutota) [5]
1579 - 1635: Inyewangahaya (House of Mutota) [6]
1635 - 1660: Tendaji "John" (House of Mutota) [7]
1660 - 1702: Ali Baroma (House of Mutota) [8]
1702 - 1740: Muhammad Paul (House of Mutota) [9]
1740 - 1760: Berhanu (House of Mutota) [10]
King of Kings of Greater Zimbabwe
1760 - 1777: Berhanu (House of Mutota) [10]
1777 - 1803: Zuri (House of Mutota) [11]
1803 - 1825: Isak Dlembeu (House of Rozwi) [12]
1825 - 1841: Dingane (House of kaSenzangakhona) [13]
1841 - 1849: Njabulo (House of kaSenzangakhona) [14]
1849 - 1878: Yakob Chivere (House of Mukombwe) [15]
[1] After conquering Mutapa, Nyatsimba combines Zimbabwe and the new land into Greater Zimbabwe, to be ruled from the city Great Zimbabwe. He dies of old age.
[2] Invades the neighbouring kingdom of Butwa, but fails and is forced to become a vassal of Butwa. However, he is freed by a coalition of minor kingdoms and Swahili merchants. Upon his death, he leaves the kingdom without losing or gaining anything.
[3] Kakubi constructed a second ring of walls as the city of Great Zimbabwe grew out beyond the first ring. With trade goods flowing in from as far away as Arabia and China the Zimbabwe Kingdom grew even wealthier, Kakubi was also the first ruler of Zimbabwe to meet Europeans, specifically a group of Portuguese merchants, who recorded with awe the massive constructions, the great wealth, and power of Great Zimbabwe, they also noted with scorn the strange 'pagan' religion that was practiced in the Kingdom.
[4] Mwenedehwe was known across the land before becoming King as a great warrior in his fathers army and outspoken about his distrustful of the Portuguese merchants, when in 1550, a Portuguese army landed on the coast.
Mwenedehwe was able to defend off the invaders, following this he bannished all Portuguese merchants and Catholic missionaries from his kingdom.
[5] It was during Nyatsusu's reign that many of the ideas and technologies introduced by the Portuguese truly took hold in Great Zimbabwe. Specifically the gunpowder weapons and military tactics that were used to great effect on Butwa, rendering that once proud kingdom as a vassal of Zimbabwe. However Nyatsusu suspected that the Portuguese would come back and in greater numbers, so he did what he could to develop his kingdom as much as he could to withstand such an event.
[6] Inyewangahaya was known for his succesful conquests of the Bemba and Tonga ethnolinguistic groups, living in the then northern frontier of the country. To further consolidate his rule over the newly-enlarged kingdom, he personally planned the creation of a new capital fortress-city in the northern banks of the Zambezi river, moving with him were the whole royal court, the nobles and prominent traders, all of them were Swahili-speaking. Despite his reputation as a great warrior-king and an able statesman, Inyewangahaya was more remembered for his harem; the tales of court scheming and internal politics scandalized the Portuguese Roman Catholic priests who occassionally visited the royal complex. Nevertheless, the tales provided a good source of topics in modern Swahili-language literature, as well as its numerous film and television drama adaptations.
[7] Tendaji converted to Chrisitanity, taking the name "John" upon his baptism. He did this because "newfound faith" but some suggest it was the threat of invasion and because the Christian religious hierarchy would allow him to extend royal power. He allowed Jesuit missonaries in to convert the population but to also modernize the country and develop Christian education institutions.Some syncretism occured with some of the old religious practices being combined with the new.
[8] Baroma, after being insulted by missionaries, decided to convert to Islam, influenced by Inwewangahaya's Swahili court. His reign saw most of the non-Christian populace of the kingdom convert to Islam, while letting Christian vassals continue controlling Christian regions of the kingdom. Upon his death, a three-way war broke out between Christian, Islamic, and traditionalist factions.
[9] After the Religious War Baroma's son Mohammed, who studied all three relions united the religions, and reigning under two names of Mohammed Paul. His reign was one of liberal tolerance.
[10] Berhanu "the Great" formalised the united religions into Njia ya Mungu, or the Divine Path in Swahili. The religion spread throughout the Kingdom and other parts of Africa. Berhanu would lead the famous "March to the Sea" that would conquer and integrate all of South Africa. European attempts to attack fail and were destroyed at "the Battle of the Cape" securing the Kindom for some time against incursion. Berhanu then declared himself King of Kings and spent the remianing time securing and modernising the nation.
[11] Zuri was the only living child of Berhanu and his daughter, making her the first female ruler of Great Zimbabwe in it's recorded history. She chose to reign as 'King of Kings' and continued her father's policies of modernization, ordering the construction of new roads, trade routes, and canals. She also constructed the first universities and libraries in southern Africa and created the kingdom's first navy and established contact with the Kingdom of Madagascar and it's monarch Radama I. As the Europeans began to industrialize, Zuri became interested in the new technologies and introduced them into the kingdom, unknowingly laying the foundation for Africa's Industrial Revolution.
[12] Debate over the succession lead to the (by now titular) king of Butwa returning to power and taking over the kingdom. Immediately after taking the throne, he started a despotic reign, abolishing the many noble titles and establishing himself as a military ruler. His religious policy was confused, leading scholars to believe that he was a fervent atheist hemmed in by religious pressure. However, he rolled back modernisation, claiming that it was a waste of money. His reign ended when Sotho tribes from the far south looted the kingdom due to his insults, leading to his deposition.
[13] In the chaos unleashed by the reign of Isak Dlembeu, the half-brother of the legendary warrior Shaka, Dingane seized the capital and proclaimed himself the King of Kings of Greater Zimbabwe (along with his title 'King of the Zulus'). He spent the bulk his reign repairing the damage caused by his predecessor, barely averting a British invasion of southern Africa. Dingane died in 1841, having managed to stabilize the region and left the Kingdom to Njabulo.
[14] Njabulo's reign was greatly affected by a speech made in faraway London, where the Lutheran minister Carl der Win challenged his faithful to convert the world to Christianity. When English, Dutch, French, and German missionaries from various Protestant faiths were turned away from the Kingdom, they exaggerated their expulsion as martyrdom and persecution. England, France, the Netherlands, and Hanover each sent armies to accompany the missionaries and pillaged most of the Kingdom's lands in the Cape and Natal. Njabulo sent emissaries to Portugal, Castile, Aragon, Oman, and even the Ottomans to appeal for help against this incursion, but was poisoned (presumably by the missionaries) with arsenic before the emissaries reached Constantinople, Muscat, Lisbon, Toledo, and Barcelona.
[15] Yakob Chivere took over in the chaos after the assassination of Njabulo. He returned the kingdom to Shona rule, and reestablished the Njia ya Mungu religious hierarchy. However, his reign saw increasing problems with the Ismailids (rulers of Egypt), who vassalised the Swahili states and were preparing to move on to Zimbabwe next. However he did defeat both the Zulu and the Sotho and pushed them out of his land.