Marching further east: Bengal was always going to be the end of the road, with at most a naval expedition of part of the force attacking Pegu by sea in conjunction with a Burmese land assault. Trying to march a preindustrial army overland between Bengal and southwest China is just a big fat ‘no, do not do this’.
Awadh and Bengal: I pictured the pair of them as typical warlord states. They can be strong, but if you put an axe in the forehead of the warlord, they have no backup or reason to continue. So Iskandar and Odysseus were lucky in the form of their opponents (but that seems to describe many good generals); if they’d faced Mesopotamia-level friction in India it would’ve burned them up well before they reached the Bay of Bengal.
Roman trading posts: But, to continue from the above, a key reason why they did not face such friction is that they did not take any territory, even in the form of trade quarters or concessions. Those would’ve been viewed as the thin end of the wedge of Roman occupation, and thus any demands for such would’ve drastically increased the willingness of the Indians to resist. Whereas here it was easy to just pay the westerners off and wait for them to go away. But the key is that they would go away.
Bengal and the Triunes: The loss of Bengal hurts, but it’s not crippling. The greater significance is that it was the concession prize for the English to make up for all the European swag going to France, and now said concession prize no longer exists, with resulting English irritation. So its significance isn’t really for now, but for a decade or two down the road.
I think a lot of people are overestimating how much the loot from India is going to spur the Rhoman economy. For one thing I’m willing to bet almost half of it stays in India as booze, women, new horses, and silks are purchased and enjoyed. More importantly “3 years of government revenues” isn’t nearly enough to reverse the near 75-85% contraction in the money supply that has come with the temporary collapse of fractional banking that has occurred in Rhomania. Nothing short of 3 years of GDP would really pull Rhome fully out of the recession though I’m sure with this infusion the worst affects will begin to ameliorate.
The 2 big beneficiaries of the loot if I had to guess will be Eastern Anatolia where I would imagine a disproportionate number of the soldiers come from; being the closest and hence cheapest to raise. The poorest region of the Rhoman empire will now have 1000’s of mini Dynatoi. I would expect lots of villages in the region to get proper all weather roads connecting to the main network and small businesses being started with the influx of capital. The 2nd beneficiary will ironically be whatever Rome takes from Persia in the peace treaty. The government will have a one time infusion of cash at just the point they need to pay for infrastructure, resettlement and fortification in the new territories. Outside of these two though the remainder of Rome is too developed, too populous, and too devastated from the contraction for the loot to be more than a small relief to get past the worst of it. It will take decades until Rhomania returns to the dynamism of the 1620’s even if the economy itself may be larger.
This. A lot of the wealth is staying in India. Plus another factor is that the total estimate was that of the complete take, not just the Roman share. The Persians made up 60% of the army and so got 60% of the loot. Now a lot of them are spending their money in India, but I don’t see any reason why it’d be proportionately more than the Romans. So the Persians will be getting a bigger boost than the Romans, as the take is just quantitatively bigger and proportionally bigger as it’s being added to a smaller economy.
But this is just a one-time boost, not a fix. India is super-wealthy, but this is just one (very big) raid. The Romano-Persians are just skimming off the surface. They’d have to pull a Mahmud of Ghazni and raid a dozen times to loot themselves out of the hole.
And even then, it wouldn’t help in the context of the Little Ice Age. All the gold in the world isn’t worth crap if there’s no food to buy. (And actually crap would be more useful, since it could be used for fertilizer and maybe make there be some food. Gold just makes your corpse shiny.)
Great Crime: That update is going to be coming up soon.
Little Ice Age: Almost everywhere is going to get hit hard by this; there are a few exceptions but Rhomania is not one of them because the factors that make them the exceptions absolutely do not apply to Rhomania. It will be a bad and ugly time for Rhomania, with significant long-term repercussions.