Even then it isn't all that hard - the Nevada test site is only 100km or so from Las Vegas, and at one point the atmospheric nuclear testing conducted there was a tourist attraction. Very big atmospheric tests are difficult, but even then not impossible - the majority of tests run out of Christmas Island for instance were aimed at a water target, so conducting a test in international waters is certainly possible, just logistically very hard work.
Short or long term? In the long run the British and French are going to end up with some sort of Pacific test site. In the short run they'll do what they did at the Trinity test and carry out the first one or two tests as close as practicable to the laboratory responsible for building the bomb.
If you want a couple of hundred extra megawatts, there are much better options.
What do you mean "to" the Rhine - I've just shifted the first one into position on the far side of the Rhine!
Where did Austria Hungary have that was 100km away from significant population centers? (I have no idea whether AH expected suitable colonies from UK/France in a CP Victory)
Given that the French ended up using Algeria and the British used Australia, why would a combined program end up using the Pacific Islands?
Other Hydro projects?
I keep forgetting that Fortress Holland essentially spans the Rhine delta.