Would Antioch be in the hands of the Byzantines in this TL? iirc it was quite some time after Manzikert that it was taken by the Turks. Crusaders who don't have to navigate a hostile Anatolia and Antioch would surely be in a much better position when entering the Holy Land.
keep the Bulgars out of Moesia. Moesia and Thrace would still probably get many Slavs settling it but it might still stick with a Romance language. They would probably call themselves Romans. Keeping the Bulgars in Dacia might make Romania the new Bulgaria
It would be a lot more worthwhile and there are plenty of strongmen who could make something of themselves to do it. But is Rome in good enough shape to do it during this period? Sassanids would surely be the priority.
Seems pretty ASB since Newcastle was completely insignificant until the Norman conquest (places nearby like Jarrow, Tynemouth and Monkwearmouth were only important because of religion). Unless some saxon blacksmith on the Tyne discovered the importance of coke.
No gunpowder would be the best way to do this. Gunpowder meant that a lord could no longer rebel against his liege and hold up in his castle and since it was generally only a king that could afford the great expense of cannons it would increase the importance of feudalism (although it would...
Who controls the Hellespont at this point? I'm not too knowledgeable about this point of the Diadochi era but for a long time weren't the Ptolemies in control of this area? I'd imagine that Antiochus would want want this strategically important area and if the Ptolemies had controlled the area...
Khosrau will still probably find an excuse for war and cause a lot of problems for the Romans. And even if he doesn't will anyone think to stop the rise of Islam?
Although I was 11 when I went to Germany I remember absolutely nobody who didn't have enough knowledge of English to be able to communicate with me at least a little. Although German is still the first language there I think their understanding of English is enough to accomplish the POD. Hell...
Even better PODs would be Maurice keeping his throne rather than Yarmouk as that could maybe avoid the disastrous Persian War.
Or Basil II having competent successors instead of Manzikert. The years following 1025 saw a massive decline of the economy and military.
And instead of a Fourth...
They would have a minor claim to the French throne (if we ignore salic law) but none at all to England. However they would probably be well treated by subsequent Tudor monarchs.
None of his expeditions went anywhere near India, I'm sure the British would want to at least know about what there could potentially be in the South Seas, especially if they can find alternative spice islands, if they lost India then surely their incentive to find alternative sources of income...
Well there is this:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear_Metro
The busiest parts of it are underground but most of it isn't. Dunno if it counts.
I'm sure other cities in the UK could do the same.