My thoughts it has to do with the split of the labor movement between conservatives who endorsed capitalism and radicals who aligned with socialism. With the decline of the Knights of Labor, labor split with conservative labor aligning with the Democrats by the 1900s and radical labor...
If you want an idea of what levies would look like, Assize of Arms of 1181 is a good example of the time period
Though feudalism was hardly a universal thing. In many English wars of the period, the lords were unreliable and mercenaries were used instead
I was thinking of Lwow, Pinsk, and Kielce. Though the really nasty massacres do happen later during World War 2 though the context is different for those
I'd argue that even if monarchism were more popular, you would be more likely to have people crown themselves monarchs rather than come from an overthrown dynasty. Think of the Roman Emperors or Napoleon.
I'd expect that will eventually be the endpoint of the Kim dynasty if it remains in...
If they end up in China, they would likely be caught up in the purge of foreign religions under Emperor Wuzong. This in OTL led to the collapse of Zoroastrianism and Manicheism in China
Reforms he was never comfortable with and often forced to go along with them like the Duma. He would, after all, dissolve the Duma twice in order to undermine any threats to curb his power and bring meaningful changes
The Russian Revolution of 1905 and 1917 had as much to do with Nicholas II...
You need to remove Nicholas II as ruler. Russia will always be at the edge of revolution with Nicholas II and his wife in change. Both fundamentally believed in absolutism and worked to undermine attempts for reform.
One can argue that the United States inherited English notions of property that are antithetical to communism. I’d say it comes down to those who wanted to keep their wealth and property and the power it came with it. This also meant using violence to maintain that power. And, a darker reason...
The idea of a written democracy was important in the development of democracy. A written constitution was almost always a demand of liberal revolutionaries as it is an important check on the power of the monarch. Symbolically, it is a demonstration that power comes from the people, not from...
After doing a bit more reading, it seems the foreignness of the Qing is a rather heated debate in histography. They are largely grouped into the New Qing History and Eurasian History. Here is a good intro text to the debate: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1754-0208.2011.00454.x
The fun here is ChatGPT can't agree if it was written in Latin, Medieval Greek, or Koine Greek. It suggested these sources:
Maurice, Emperor of the East. The Strategikon: A Treatise on Byzantine Tactics. Translated by George T. Dennis. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984.
Haldon, John F...
The Taiping Rebellion was also dominated by the Hakka, which were also seen as outsiders to the broader Han culture. That being said Han Chinese did join both sides of the conflict.
The Qing would have to change their strict 8-banner system in order to assimilate into the broader Han culture...
I don't think this would save the Qing Dynasty in the longer term. The Qing Dynasty was considered a foreign regime, not a native dynasty. Had it been native then maybe it would have a chance to survive as a constitutional monarchy