I always understood it that people living in the western regions of Turkey were the ones with actual Greek ancestry ( ie related to people from across the Aegean), and that the rest of the Anatolian Greeks were just Hellenized over the centuries of Greek/Roman/Rhoman rule
Not hard, actually. Otl Christianity was dominant in North Africa and the Middle East before Islam. It just needs to be more successful in Iran and Central Asia and less so in Europe
This is hard to accomplish without moving the British Isles further west; the English Channel and the North Sea are too small and navigable to prevent crossings.
As I understand it from reading these scenarios in the past, Philip II would rip Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt off the Achaemenids and be content with that. Macedonia would have roughly the boundaries of otl East Roman Empire. And then he would consolidate. Philip was more of an...
This Rome would have a Hellenic character to it, and be directly on the coast. It would also be slightly more southern oriented instead of dead center (like otl Rome), potentially making northern expansion more difficult, but I think it's doable.
What is the possibility of Italy becoming the center of one of these empires, a few generations after being conquered? Assuming no heavy plow, and Italys massive population relative to her neighbors. It would be pretty ironic
So many butterflies that this alternate 20th Century would be almost impossible to predict. You would need a pod in the 17th or 18th Century at the latest to have no slavery or African Americans. There wouldn't be anything like the United States we know
Have Manuel Komnenos father an heir sooner than otl. When he died Alexios II was too young to rule and ended up overthrown/killed, causing the chain of bad emperors leading up to 1204
I honestly feel like the biggest wild card in all of this, is Western intervention in East Asia and how that plays out. If the mainland collapses into a warring states period (or a new dynasty replaces Qing) that's likely going to increase. The British and French will likely compete over spheres...